共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
本文分析比较了在市区环境进行爆破的炸药允许用量，为了获得Ｓｐｉｃａ采石场的爆破允许药量，我们以矿区附近的房屋建筑为参考标准使用三方向地震检波器，精确测量了若干地段的爆破振动参数，然后将测量记录又同世界上常用的几种标准进行了分析比较。 相似文献
3.
4.
采矿爆破振动波在岩溶区的传播影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究不同情况下爆破振动强度衰变规律和振动对岩溶塌陷的影响,为当地矿山合理开采及减少地面塌陷灾害的发生提供可靠依据,对湖南水口山铅锌矿区进行现场爆破振动测试,并利用古丹铅锌矿实测数据作对比分析;试验矿区共布设4条测线,接收8组爆破振动数据。采用萨道夫斯基修正公式对采集的数据进行计算,以爆破产生的振动波频率及振动速度作为测试指标,对实测数据进行提取、处理,确定爆破振动波的频率及其在介质中的传播速度及地震波引发的质点振动峰值振速。试验结果表明:采矿活动是岩溶地面塌陷的主要影响因素;爆破振动波的频率衰减强度与其在岩土体中的传播距离和断层有关,振动波的传播速度受到岩土体性质、岩层结构特征、岩层走向等因素的影响。 相似文献
5.
不耦合装药爆破对硬岩应力场影响的数值分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
爆破地震勘探石油是一种重要的方法,但爆破地震效应与爆破参数、地质条件等密切相关。采用动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对柱状炸药与药孔壁之间为空气或其他介质以及空隙间距变化时碳酸盐岩岩石中爆炸应力波的传播规律和爆炸地震波能量的衰减特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到了不耦合装药爆炸时岩石应力、振动速度的衰减规律以及与不耦合系数、间隙介质的关系,分析了不耦合效应对爆炸地震波能量的影响。研究表明,不耦合或耦合不好时会使岩体中爆炸应力波的强度大大降低;耦合状态对岩体应力及速度的衰减系数和衰减指数影响较大;在空隙中注水或灌满泥浆会改善它们的耦合关系,增大下传的爆破能量。所得成果可为我国西南地区优选适合碳酸盐地层地震勘探的激发因素提供技术途径和方法。 相似文献
6.
爆破震动测试得到的数据常常具有较大的离散性,采用剔除错误数据和小波降噪对爆破震动检测数据进行预处理,以标准残差平方和作为爆破振动实测数据与萨道夫斯基公式拟合值偏差大小的判断依据,应用小波降噪对实测数据进行处理的方法,优化了粒子群算法对萨道夫斯基公式中的k和 的回归分析。研究结果表明,小波降噪和粒子群优化算法结合使用,能够较真实地反映爆破震动测试的真实情况,从而提高了对爆破震动测试模拟的精度。研究结果对爆破振动测试理论和工程实践具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
爆破工程地质控制论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
爆破理论与技术的创新和发展,对我国爆破工程事业乃至基础设施建设都是十分重要的。在数十年爆破理论研究与生产实践的基础上,对爆破及其破岩的科学概念进行了定义,系统阐述了炸药能量特征、岩体介质特征、炸药能量与岩体介质相互作用等决定爆破作用机制和效果的因素及其相互关系,明确指出地质条件是爆破的基础,炸药能量特征必须与岩体介质特征来适应;基于岩体特性及其爆破特征,将自然岩体划分为似均匀连续体和不连续体两类。研究表明,在似均匀连续体中,岩体爆破作用机制和效果受微地形最小抵抗线控制;在不连续体中,受岩体结构特征控制。两者结合,形成了爆破工程地质控制论。 相似文献
8.
隧道近距下穿山坡楼房爆破振动测试研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以成渝客运专线新红岩隧道为工程背景,测试了隧道近距下穿山坡楼房爆破时引起的地面振动。通过对隧道浅埋侧（隧道地表斜坡下部）和深埋侧（隧道地表斜坡上部）的地表振动数据分析,研究了地表的振动速度、振动主频及振动安全评价方法。结果表明：在浅埋隧道爆破的近区,入射纵波为主要载体,地表水平和竖直方向振动的主要成分可以认为是入射纵波在水平和竖直方向的投影,浅埋侧和深埋侧地表水平和竖直方向振速的大小取决于爆心距和入射纵波与竖直方向的夹角两个因素;隧道采用电子雷管进行单孔连续起爆,相比非电雷管爆破,可以有效降低地表振动强度,同时能够提高地表振动主频;地表振动主频方面,地表竖直方向振动主频普遍高于水平方向,而且浅埋侧地表竖直和水平方向主频大多高于深埋侧地表对应方向的主频;隧道近距下穿山坡楼房进行爆破施工时,建议在浅埋侧和深埋侧地表同时布置爆破振动监测测点,并根据浅埋侧和深埋侧地表测点的峰值振速、爆破振动主频与建筑物固有频率的关系对地表振动安全进行评价,以减少隧道施工爆破对地表环境和周围建筑物造成的振动破坏。 相似文献
9.
为研究桩井爆破地震波在邻近自然边坡传播规律,对桩井开挖爆破振动速度进行了现场测试。在邻近桩井的台阶坡脚及边缘各布置一个测点。测试结果表明,位于台阶边缘测点的径向、垂向振动速度及主频率较位于坡脚处的测点存在增大趋势,出现了坡面效应;切向振动速度及主频率存在减小的趋势,说明爆破地震波的速度及频率变化具有一致性,且爆破地震波的放大效应具有方向性,以垂向为主。坡面效应合理地解释了爆破地震波在台阶边缘的振速放大效应,同时通过“鞭梢效应”对爆破地震波频率的分析,验证了坡面效应的合理性。 相似文献
10.
以三峡堤防工程基础开挖为研究对象,对堤防工程基础开挖爆破地震波的振动监测方法和监测物理量的选择进行了研究。通过对爆破振动监测结果的回归分析,确立了爆破振动速度的传播衰减规律。结合工程实际,对基础开挖爆破产生的地震波的振动频率与爆区周围建（构）筑物的自振频率进行了对比分析;经对比分析,此次开挖工程爆破引起的振动频率远大于周围民房结构的自振频率,从而保证了周围建（构）筑物的安全。同时,结合该堤防工程开挖爆破施工,从建（构）筑物的安全振动速度和爆破振动的安全距离两个方面确定了爆破振动安全控制建议标准。研究分析表明,本次爆破工程的振动速度和安全距离都在爆破振动安全控制标准的范围内,从而说明了本次爆破工程圆满安全地完成了施工任务,保证了爆破时周边建（构）筑物的安全;其研究对指导基础开挖爆破施工和保证地面建筑物安全起到了重要作用。 相似文献
11.
Manoj Khandelwal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):205-217
The purpose of this article is to evaluate and predict the blast induced ground vibration using different conventional vibration
predictors and artificial neural network (ANN) at a surface coal mine of India. Ground Vibration is a seismic wave that spread
out from the blast hole when detonated in a confined manner. 128 blast vibrations were recorded and monitored in and around
the surface coal mine at different strategic and vulnerable locations. Among these, 103 blast vibrations data sets were used
for the training of the ANN network as well as to determine site constants of various conventional vibration predictors, whereas
rest 25 blast vibration data sets were used for the validation and comparison by ANN and empirical formulas. Two types of
ANN model based on two parameters (maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point) and multiple
parameters (burden, spacing, charge length, maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point)
were used in the present study to predict the peak particle velocity. Finally, it is found that the ANN model based on multiple
input parameters have better prediction capability over two input parameters ANN model and conventional vibration predictors. 相似文献
12.
R. L. Yang P. Rocque P. Katsabanis W. F. Bawden 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1994,12(3):169-182
Summary Blast vibration and its attenuation within the rock mass immediately adjacent to a blast hole (2–15 m) were monitored for a blast hole diameter of 100 mm and a 2.4 m column of an emulsion explosive charge. Peak particle velocities calculated from the measured accelerations were compared with predictions from the charge-weight scaling law using typical site parameters which would be adopted for many far-field vibration predictions. It was found that the vibration amplitudes predicted by the conventional charge-weight scaling law are significantly lower than measured values. Strain and strain rates at different monitoring holes were calculated from experimental data. Using attenuation analysis of different frequency bands of measured acceleration signals, it was found that blast vibration attenuation between 2 m and 4 m depended not only on frequency but also on amplitude. A failure wave was postulated based on observations at the monitoring hole 2 m from the blast. A blast damage zone was evaluated using borehole camera and cross hole seismic studies. The damage zone in the rock was also analysed according to acceleration waveforms measured at different monitoring locations. The use of different techniques to measure blast damage provided an accurate assessment of the blast damage volume. 相似文献
13.
This study evaluates the impacts resulting from quarry-blasting operation on nearby buildings and structures as it generates ground vibration, air blast, and fly rocks. In this paper, first blasting operation and its possible environmental effects are defined. Then the methods of blast-vibration prediction and commonly accepted criteria to prevent damage were introduced. A field experimental work was conducted to minimize the vibration effects at Saribayir quarry as it is an identical case for the many quarries situated in and around Istanbul, Turkey. Although the local surrounding geology and rock mechanics have great influence on vibrations as uncontrollable parameter, the charge weight per delay, delay period, geometric parameters of the blasts were changed to solve the existing vibration problem in the studied quarry. To obtain a realistic result, 10 blasts were carried out and 30 seismic records were made in different places mainly very close the buildings and the other vulnerable structures around the quarry. The evaluation is performed whether the vibration level are within safe limits or not. The prediction equation based on scaled distance concept is also determined, however, it is a site-specific model and need to be updated when the quarry advances. The safe blast parameters which minimize the environmental effect were determined for the Saribayir quarry. 相似文献
14.
Vivek K. Himanshu M. P. Roy A. K. Mishra Ranjit Kumar Paswan Deepak Panda P. K. Singh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):460
Excavation of coal, overburden, and mineral deposits by blasting is dominant over the globe to date, although there are certain undesirable effects of blasting which need to be controlled. Blast-induced vibration is one of the major concerns for blast designers as it may lead to structural damage. The empirical method for prediction of blast-induced vibration has been adopted by many researchers in the form of predictor equations. Predictor equations are site specific and indirectly related to physicomechanical and geological properties of rock mass as blast-induced ground vibration is a function of various controllable and uncontrollable parameters. Rock parameters for blasting face and propagation media for blast vibration waves are uncontrollable parameters, whereas blast design parameters like hole diameter, hole depth, column length of explosive charge, total number of blast holes, burden, spacing, explosive charge per delay, total explosive charge in a blasting round, and initiation system are controllable parameters. Optimization of blast design parameters is based on site condition and availability of equipment. Most of the smaller mines have predesigned blasting parameters except explosive charge per delay, total explosive charge, and distance of blast face from surface structures. However, larger opencast mines have variations in blast design parameters for different benches based on strata condition: Multivariate predictor equation is necessary in such case. This paper deals with a case study to establish multivariate predictor equation for Moher and Moher Amlohri Extension opencast mine of India. The multivariate statistical regression approach to establish linear and logarithmic scale relation between variables to predict peak particle velocity (PPV) has been used for this purpose. Blast design has been proposed based on established multivariate regression equation to optimize blast design parameters keeping PPV within legislative limits. 相似文献
15.
Luigi Sambuelli 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(3):547-556
I would like to suggest a theoretical justification for the mathematical structure of some laws for predicting the maximum
particle velocity vibration from blasting operations in the light of some basic notions of elastic and anelastic wave theory.
Within this point of view, in dimensionally correct expressions, the terms pertaining to the rock, to the blast and to the
seismic wave become evident and recognisable. A law is presented that can be used to forecast the maximum particle velocity
on the basis of some blast design and rock parameters. Four tests of the proposed law performed with real data sets seem to
confirm fairly well its reliability. 相似文献
16.
17.
煤矿智能化建设要求采用智能化地质探测技术在巷道掘进过程中实时完成掘进前方区域的探测和预报。基于在线式矿井地震监测分站构建的随掘地震实时探测系统能够在巷道掘进的同时,采集以掘进机震动为震源的随掘地震数据,通过光纤网络实时传输至地面服务器的数据库内。随掘地震数据处理软件从数据库中获取当前随掘数据,经过筛选、提取虚拟炮集和偏移成像等步骤对掘进前方和侧前方一定区域进行反射槽波成像。为验证系统性能和探测结果的有效性,在正开展掘进作业的山西榆树坡煤矿5106回风巷内安装随掘地震实时探测系统,对该巷道开展为期数个月的随掘跟踪探测试验,探测系统实时采集随掘地震数据并成像,随着掘进长度的增加,每日的探测结果不断显示5106工作面内存在一条隐伏断层,后期的反射槽波探测和钻探工作验证了该断层的存在。试验结果表明,随掘地震实时探测系统能够在掘进过程中不断利用掘进机激发的地震信号对巷道前方和侧前方区域成像,从而在不影响掘进施工的条件下,实现了巷道侧前方地质异常体的连续跟踪探测和实时监测,达到了智能掘进系统对地质探测能力的要求。 相似文献
18.
改进三峰谷雨流计数法在爆破震动损伤评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构筑物在爆破地震载荷作用下发生破坏是一个非常复杂的损伤累积过程。在进行爆破地震效应研究时,不仅要考虑几何距离、爆破条件以及地质条件对爆破振动强度的影响,也要关注结构本身的劣化过程。据此提出应用疲劳理论进行爆破地震效应分析的思路。首先,阐述了爆破震动应力谱测量的基本方法。其次,针对于三峰谷雨流计数模型的不足,提出了改进方案。改进后的计数模型融等值点压缩、峰谷值检测以及循环计数为一体,简化了计数过程,运用改进的计数模型分析了震动应力谱,得出了各种循环的频数分布规律。统计结果表明,单次爆破中绝大部分为小幅疲劳循环,而且拉压循环所占的比例比较大。 相似文献
19.
Josip Mesec Darko Vrkljan Zvonimir Ester 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(3):431-438
This paper analyses results of trial, construction and quarry blasting, carried out in sediment rock deposits, mainly limestone
and dolomite. Based on results of seismic measurements and engineering geological observations in sedimentary formation, an
empirical relationship was established between ground vibration and geological strength index (GSI). The charge weight of explosive that may be detonated per delay for any given distance of nearby structures from the blast
is approximately determined by using the concept of the scaled distance (SD) along with the DIN 4150 standard. 相似文献
20.
D. P. Blair L. W. Armstrong 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2001,5(1):108-129
There is a common belief within the blasting community that increasing the burden will increase the blast vibration. In order to test this belief in a direct sense, it would be desirable to fire single blastholes with various burdens and monitor the vibrations at many locations. A review of past literature indicates that such direct tests are rare and only scant data is available. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of this and associated past work (on small-scale blocks and choke blasts) shows no convincing evidence of an influence of burden on blast vibration. On the other hand, by considering the role of reflected waves in a simple analytical model, reasoning is given to show that the vibration might well be insensitive to burden. In view of the scant data available, it was decided to conduct trials of a direct nature, in which 13 single blastholes were fired to a free face. The burdens chosen were 2.6 m, 5.2 m and 10.4 m, and the vibration was measured at typically 10 locations over the range 5 m to 50 m from each hole. The results clearly show that the vibration is independent of such burdens. Furthermore, a side-by-side comparison of a choke blast with a free-face blast showed that the vibration from the holes in the choke blast was not higher than the vibration from the holes in the free-face blast. The present work also shows that vibration, although insensitive to burden, is not insensitive to the condition (i.e., the degree of damage) of the surrounding rock mass. In this regard, blastholes in undamaged ground produce a significantly higher vibration than blastholes in damaged ground. This might well be the reason why pre splits and drop-cuts are observed to produce relatively high vibrations, i.e., it is not because such blasts typically involve large burdens, but rather that they are usually initiated in relatively undamaged ground. 相似文献