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文中以14个钻孔地层编录为基础,结合前人研究资料,初步总结了福州盆地埋藏第四纪地层的沉积特征。福州盆地沉积始于晚更新世中期(约56.5ka BP),由砾石、砂、黏土、淤泥组成,总体表现为从下至上粒度变细的沉积序列,地层岩性横向变化较大;盆地内发育3层淤泥,第1,2层淤泥发育于全新世中晚期,时代为1.44～7.86ka BP,为“长乐海侵”的产物,第3层淤泥发育于晚更新世晚期,时代约为44～20ka BP,为“福州海侵”的产物;盆地埋藏晚第四纪地层可划分为上更新统和全新统,分为4个组,从老至新分别为龙海组(Q3pl)、东山组(Qhd)、长乐组(Qhc)与江田组(Qhj)。龙海组归属上更新统,划分为3段,其余3个组归属全新统 相似文献
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天津地区第四纪年代地层剖面研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
通过钻孔岩心光释光测年与古地磁测试,对天津地区黄骅坳陷和沧县隆起两个构造单元的年代地层进行了研究,对区内第四纪分层界线重新进行了划分,建立了本区第四纪年代地层剖面。黄骅坳陷和沧县隆起两个构造单元的沉积发展历史具有一定相似性,同时还存在较大的差异。主要表现在:第四纪以来,黄骅坳陷和沧县隆起均有海侵发生,沉积一些海相地层,但是其发育程度不同,反映两个构造单元有着差异较大的海侵历史;二者在第四纪年代地层序列上存在较大差异,形成的相应沉积物的类型和厚度明显不同,为两个不同的第四纪沉积单元;天津地区原来第四系内部的分层界线为:Qh埋深20m,Q3p为70～80m,Qp2为180～210m,Qp1为400m。研究表明,天津地区的第四系在黄骅坳陷和沧县隆起上明显不同:黄骅坳陷中的全新统、更新统上段及中段底界深度约分别为19,45,103m,第四系底界深度>200m;沧县隆起上的全新统、更新统上段及中段底界深度分别为13,30,56m,而第四系底界埋深为162m左右,远远浅于原来第四系分层的界线 相似文献
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钻探证实,镇江市谏壁镇长江北岸高桥镇北部埋藏硬粘土层,之上为冰后期松散沉积物。沉积物主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂泥互层,中部局部夹含细砾中细砂,顶部见淤泥质粘土;夹数十层植物炭屑层;以水平纹理为主,局部见小型交错层理、波状层理。表明冰后期以来该地处于水动力较弱的河湖环境,为多期湖沼相沉积夹汉道河流相沉积,局部有海相沉积物加入。根据碳化植物碎屑^14C年龄,推测冰后期底界年龄约13000aBP,海侵到达该地的时间约为9000aBP,海侵最高位时间约为6500aBP。冰后期平均沉积速率约为4．9m／ka,湖沼相3．4～6m／ka,河流相10～15m／ka。对全新统的底界年龄和海相层的埋藏深度进行了讨论。 相似文献
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全新世以来珠江三角洲的地层层序和演变过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于对90个拥有全新世14C年代数据的钻孔进行详细的沉积物特征和年代地层分析,讨论了全新世珠江三角洲的地层特征及全新世以来的充填过程.全新世珠江三角洲沉积物覆盖在末次冰期冰盛期形成的风化侵蚀面与底砾层之上.最大海侵面位于松软海相淤泥层位.在受潮汐冲刷区域,最大海侵面表现为侵蚀面.全新世沉积层序自下向上在古河谷为河流相、河漫滩-河口湾相、河口湾-三角洲相,在古河间地为滨海相、河口湾相和三角洲相.全新世沉积层垂向堆积序列绝大部分表现为下粗上细的正向序列,且不具有典型Gilbert三角洲的前积层、顶积层等沉积层序.受控于独特而复杂的地貌边界,古珠江河口湾在高水位体系域的演变模式不同于世界其他大型三角洲,而是一个多源复合、不同尺度河流沉积体独立并行发展,最后复合成的三角洲.全新世以来珠江三角洲的演变可以分为5个阶段：第一阶段12~8kaBP,全新世海侵未达三角洲中部地区,直至约9kaBP以后,南部一些地势较低的地区才开始受海进影响,出现一些海陆交互相沉积;第二阶段8~6kaBP,海面快速上升,珠江三角洲大部分地区接受海进沉积;第三阶段6~4kaBP,全新世海侵达到盛期,古珠江三角洲地区大面积为河口湾,且受系列岛屿的阻隔分为两部分,上部是与河流相接的半封闭的内古海湾;下部是与海洋相接的外古海湾,两部分仅由若干峡口相通,河流沉积物主要在内古海湾中堆积充填;第四阶段4~2kaBP,在复杂边界对河流与海洋动力的重塑和改造作用下,内古海湾各区域的沉积同时进行,独自发展;第五阶段2kaBP至今,该阶段三角洲的演变已不再是单纯的自然过程,而是自然和人类共同塑造的过程. 相似文献
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长江口海域新生代地层与断裂活动性初探 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
长江口海域通过浅层人工地震勘察查明，新生代地层可分为5个地震层。分别为第四系、上新统、中新统上段、中新统下段及始新统。第三纪地层自东北向西南依次超覆、减薄尖灭，上部被第四纪地层不整合覆盖。沉积基底主要由晚侏罗世火山岩系及燕山晚期酸性小岩体构成，未发现早第三纪及晚白垩世断陷盆地。断裂构造很发育，按展布方向大体可归为北东、北西及近东西向3组，皆为正断层。前两者数量多、延伸长、断距大，与同区的航磁异常构架吻合。北东向断裂分段明显，西南段为第四纪断裂，中段为晚第三纪断裂，东北段为早第三纪断裂；而北西向断裂分段不很清晰。两者的垂直位移速率平均在0．015mm/a。本文对该海域有关的几个地质问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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南黄海盆地是大型海相中、古生界和陆相中、新生界两期叠合型盆地,本文根据最新地震资料结合钻井资料及与海陆地质资料的对比研究对盆地内地震层序进行了划分,得到了陆相中、新生界盆地基底即中、古生界海相盆地的顶界埋深、三叠系和上二叠统的残留厚度,推断了陆相层基底地层分布,并根据磁力异常资料推测了海相中、古生界盆地结晶基底埋深,推断了海相中、古生界整体残留情况.下三叠统青龙组和上二叠大隆及龙潭组在南黄海盆地南部坳陷及勿南沙隆起广泛存在,而在北部坳陷的分布则狭窄,中部隆起则由于隆起和剥蚀作用导致这两套地层几乎没有残余.对中-古生界海相盆地和中-新生界陆相盆地的基底特征进行了比较,认为海相中、古生界在南黄海地区区域性存在,海相层厚度分布特征受基底起伏控制,同时受到印支板块运动的影响,中部隆起区是海相中、古生界比较稳定的地区.下古生界可能在南黄海盆地广泛分布,但受资料限制,还难以获知其残余地层的特征. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
柯街断裂是滇西地区重要的断裂之一,从早古生代开始就控制着断裂带两侧的地层沉积,但是目前关于柯街断裂还存在诸多争论.为了对柯街断裂的深部结构特征及地质意义进行研究,横跨柯街断裂布设了一条MT探测剖面,探测结果显示柯街断裂走向为NE向,根据二维反演电性结构断面图可以判断出在剖面上共有3个断层存在,推测断层F1和F2为柯街断裂北段的两个分支,其中断层F1规模大、切割深,断层F2规模相对较小;推测断层F3为岩性接触带.结合地层分布规律和岩性特征分析,发现断层F1东侧的晚奥陶统~早志留统仁和桥组地层上覆于西侧晚二叠统沙子坡组地层之上;在断层F2的深部,东侧新元古界允沟岩组地层上覆于西侧早石炭统香山组地层之上,在断层F2的浅部,东侧的晚白垩统花岗岩与西侧的早石炭统香山组地层相接触;断层F3上部的晚白垩统花岗岩上覆于新元古界允沟岩组地层之上.从而可以推断柯街断裂应为澜沧运动时期形成的逆冲断层,其中断层F2形成时期早于断层F1,断层F3为后期岩浆活动形成.综合柯街断裂北段两侧的电性特征和地质情况,认为柯街断裂是在澜沧运动过程中由保山板块和昌宁-勐连结合带汇聚并经过多期次的演化而成,在二叠纪以前很长一段时期控制着两侧的地层沉积,故本文认为柯街断裂应为保山板块和昌宁-勐连结合带的分界线. 相似文献
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在海河隐伏断裂精确定位的基础上 ,文中利用天津地区晚第四纪地层中的 4个海相地层作为标志层 ,通过地质钻孔勘探、微体古生物鉴定、地层对比及年代学测定和研究 ,获得了海河断裂的晚第四纪活动特征。研究表明 ,海河断裂在天津市区段的上断点埋深为 2 1m ,对应的最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早、中期 ,塘沽区段的上断点埋深为 16 4m ,最新活动时代已进入了全新世早、中期 ;天津市区段在晚更新世晚期 (36 2 90aBP)以来 ,垂直运动速度为 0 2 4 8mm/a ,塘沽区段全新世(72 0 0aBP)以来的平均垂直运动速率为 0 333mm/a。这表明海河断裂塘沽区段 (东段 )的活动性明显高于市区段 (西段 相似文献
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Seismic velocities ( V p and V s ) of compressional (P-) and shear (S-) waves are important parameters for the characterization of marine sediments with respect to their sedimentological and geotechnical properties. P- and S-wave velocity data of near-surface marine sediments (upper 9 m) of the continental slope of the Barents Sea are analysed and correlated to sedimentological and geotechnical properties. The results show that the S-wave velocity is much more sensitive to changes in lithology and mechanical properties than the P-wave velocity, which is characterized by a narrow range of values. The correlation coefficients between S-wave velocity and silt and clay content, wet bulk density, porosity, water content and shear strength are higher than 0.5 while the correlation coefficients of P-wave velocity and the same parameters are always lower than 0.4. Although the relationship between V s and clay content has been widely described, the data show that V s is better correlated with silt content than with clay content for the sediments of the area investigated. However, they show different trends. While V s increases with increasing clay content, it decreases with increasing silt content. 相似文献
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巢湖沉积物磁性特征及其对沉积动力的响应 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
对巢湖西部柱样以及杭埠河流域土壤的环境磁学研究表明,磁铁矿是决定磁性特征的主要磁性矿物,杭埠河流域是巢湖西部沉积物的主要来源．靠近巢湖西岸的柱样AC1砂含量较高,X、SIRM值较大而xARM／SIRM较低,说明磁铁矿含量较高、颗粒较粗．距岸稍远的柱样AC2砂含量较低,X、SIRM值也较低,其变化与XARM较相似,与粘土含量变化也有一定程度的相似,AC2沉积物X、SIRM值较ACI小,但XARM／SIRM较高,说明磁铁矿含量较低且颗粒较细．杭埠河流域土壤的磁性测量结果表明,砂、砾含量高的粗骨土磁性最强,富含粗颗粒磁铁矿．巢湖柱样沉积物砂的含量随踞岸远近而不同, 反映了沉积环境的水动力不同,由此产生明显的磁性特征差异,实质是对沉积动力的响应．研究表明磁性参数XARM／SIRM 可以间接反映沉积物中粘土含量的高低变化． 相似文献
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In many coastal areas of North America and Scandinavia, post-glacial clay sediments have emerged above sea level due to iso-static uplift. These clays are often destabilised by fresh water leaching and transformed to so-called quick clays as at the investigated area at Smørgrav, Norway. Slight mechanical disturbances of these materials may trigger landslides. Since the leaching increases the electrical resistivity of quick clay as compared to normal marine clay, the application of electromagnetic (EM) methods is of particular interest in the study of quick clay structures.For the first time, single and joint inversions of direct-current resistivity (DCR), radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) and controlled-source audiomagnetotelluric (CSAMT) data were applied to delineate a zone of quick clay. The resulting 2-D models of electrical resistivity correlate excellently with previously published data from a ground conductivity metre and resistivity logs from two resistivity cone penetration tests (RCPT) into marine clay and quick clay. The RCPT log into the central part of the quick clay identifies the electrical resistivity of the quick clay structure to lie between 10 and 80 Ω m. In combination with the 2-D inversion models, it becomes possible to delineate the vertical and horizontal extent of the quick clay zone. As compared to the inversions of single data sets, the joint inversion model exhibits sharper resistivity contrasts and its resistivity values are more characteristic of the expected geology. In our preferred joint inversion model, there is a clear demarcation between dry soil, marine clay, quick clay and bedrock, which consists of alum shale and limestone. 相似文献
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Total organic carbon(TOC) and grain size distribution(sand,silt,and clay) in the ephemeral Mahi River(western India) sediments were measured to look at their effectiveness in understanding the late Quaternary monsoon conditions.Four sites spread across the alluvial zone and three sites from the estuarine zone were sampled.TOC concentration in the sediments of the alluvial and estuarine zone sites ranged between 0.04 and 0.39%and 0.04 and 0.23%,respectively.It was observed that grain size differed significantly at the alluvial zone sites,whereas an uniform trend was found in the estuarine zone sites.The study indicated that low concentration of TOC and coarse size fractions(sand) in sediments were well correlated with available records of arid/weaker palaeomonsoon periods,whereas higher concentration of TOC and fine grain size fractions(silt + clay) in sediments were well correlated with available records of enhanced palaeomonsoon periods of the ephemeral Mahi River.Uniform concentrations of TOC and fine grain size particles in sediments at the estuarine zone sites are attributed to the backwater in the system,deeper sedimentation,and/or greater decomposition processes.It is concluded that,TOC and grain size distributions in the ephemeraL river sediments are simple and effective parameters to develop an understanding about late Quaternary monsoon conditions in ephemeral rivers. 相似文献
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5beta-Coprostanol together with eight other sterols and unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) were quantitatively investigated for surficial sediments and surface waters to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the Pearl River estuarine and marine environment of South China Sea. The studied area extends from the Pearl River Estuary southward to the open sea. 5beta-Coprostanol concentrations ranged from trace amounts to 53 microgg(-1) TOC in surficial sediments. The highest levels and highest percentages of coprostanol were found in the Pearl River estuary, especially in the inner estuary and those sites close to the submarine outfalls of Hong Kong. For waters, only in estuarine samples was coprostanol quantitatively detected, ranging from 11 to 299 ngL(-1). Bimodal UCM "humps" were observed for most sediment samples, with concentrations ranging from 215 to 10,491 microg g(-1) TOC in sediments and from 2 to 26 mcirogL(-1) in waters, respectively. Progressive seaward declines in concentrations were found for both 5beta-coprostanol and UCM in surficial sediments. Trace or no 5beta-coprostanol was found in open-sea samples. Concentrations of coprostanol and UCM in surficial sediments are correlated. These results imply that there are obvious anthropogenic contaminations in the Pearl River estuary. The submarine outfalls in Hong Kong represent important sources of the sewage pollution to the Pearl River estuarine sediments evidenced by a combination of coprostanol concentration, diagnostic indices, sterol profiles and UCM. No obvious dispersion or transport of the sewage contamination occurred from the Pearl River estuary to the open South China Sea indicated by fecal sterol biomarkers. 相似文献
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Magnetic properties of sediments from the Pearl River Delta,South China: Paleoenvironmental implications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Magnetic parameters and their environmental implications of sediments in a core (PD) from the Pearl River Delta, South China, indicate that ferrimagnetic minerals with low coercivity, such as magnetite, dominate the magnetic properties although small amounts of Fe-sulphides occur. The fraction of Fe-sulphides increases and becomes the dominant minerals determining the magnetic characteristics in grey-black organic-rich clay horizons, indicating an anoxic, sulphate-reducing swamp environment resulting from a marine regression. In the "Huaban clay" , hard magnetic minerals, such as hematite and goethite, largely control the magnetic properties of the sediments and imply a long period of exposure and weathering. Where magnetite is the main magnetic mineral, its fraction and grain size determine properties such as magnetic susceptibility (κ ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). Ratios of SIRM/κ and χarm/SIRM reflect changes in sea level with high SIRM/κ and χarm/SIRM correlating with a smaller magnetic mineral grain size and rising sea level. Based on downcore variations of these environmental magnetic parameters along with sediment characteristics and microfauna, the sedimentary environment of the Pearl River Delta area can be divided into two main cycles of transgression and regression during the late Pleistocene and Holocene with more sub-cycles of sea level fluctuation during each transgression. 相似文献
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D. M. Polyakov 《Water Resources》2017,44(4):654-661
Atomic-emission spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of Be, Ga, Nb, Ta, Y, Zr, Hf, Sc, Mo, U, and Th in subcolloidal, medium-pelite, coarse-pelite, fine-aleurite, and coarse-aleurite fractions of bottom sediments of Razdol’naya R. marginal filter. The concentrations of examined elements are maximal for the subcolloidal sediment fraction. The average concentration (n = 10) of elements in the soil and fluvial sediments (upstream of the mixing zone) were calculated and taken as background concentrations. The highest concentrations of Y, Be, U was shown to correspond to sediments in the zone of fresh and sea water mixing, which is accompanied by flocculation and sorption on Fe and Mn hydroxides and clay minerals (hydromica in fluvial sediments, and smectite in marine sediments). 相似文献
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