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1.
河流渗滤系统对入渗的地表水有一定的净化作用,过去人们很少从理论上研究河流渗滤系统对污染河水的净化作用。本文采用室内土柱实验装置来模拟渭河渗滤系统,研究了硝态氮污染的河水在该系统中的环境行为及净化机制,其环境行为主要为反硝化作用。其净化程度与该渗滤系统的渗滤介质有关,如果渗滤介质为粘土,其净化率达到100%。若介质为粗砂粒物质,其净化程度较低。 相似文献
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土壤含水层处理系统(soil aquifer treatment,SAT)是一种重要的人工回灌地下水方式。以再生水为回灌水源时,水中含有的“三氮”可能会对回灌区地下水造成污染风险。研究各种因素对在SAT中去除再生水中“三氮”的影响具有重要意义。本研究中,通过高200 cm、内径50 cm土柱试验,研究了SAT系统中粒径、干湿比(落干期与淹水期的比值)、在系统表层增加生物炭及渗透流速对实际再生水“三氮”去除效果的影响。结果表明,在干湿比1∶1条件下,实际河道细砂和中细砂柱底部出水中NH4-N平均去除率分别为73%和66%,去除机理主要为吸附和硝化作用,NO2-N基本被去除。系统中硝化作用导致NO3-N浓度升高,出水中NO3-N浓度平均增长了3.0%4.1%。在深度115 cm以上, 中细砂柱内比细砂柱内的硝化作用更强,这导致了更高的NH4-N去除率和更低的NO3-N去除率。延长落干期后(干湿比3∶1),系统具有了更强的复氧能力,促进了硝化作用,使得NH4-N的平均去除率提高了20%,而NO3-N的降低了3%4%,增加了NO3-N污染风险。在中细砂层添加5%重量生物炭后,吸附性能增强,使其对NH4-N平均去除率增加了20%32%,但对NO3-N影响不明显。渗透流速与NH4-N的去除和NO3-N的增加均呈负相关。综合分析可得出,影响SAT系统去除“三氮”的最主要因素是干湿比和渗透流速,在回补水源中NH4-N浓度较高时,可考虑在SAT系统表层添加生物炭以增强其去除效果。 相似文献
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水解-好氧组合工艺处理玉米淀粉废水的机理 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
根据水解-好氧处理系统中碳水化合物、蛋白质、挥发性有机酸和微生物的变化规律,探讨了利用水解-好氧组合工艺处理玉米淀粉废水的机理,得出废水中碳水化合物的降解速率远大于蛋白质.在水力停留时间为10h的第一水解段,蛋白质的去除率仅为16%,而碳水化合物的去除率却高达91%.在此组合工艺中,水解段均具有去除废水中BOD5、CODCr和提高废水可生化性的双重作用,但水解段对BOD5的去除率小于对CODCr的去除率.好氧段的主要作用是去除CODCr、氮、磷.好氧生物膜中出现钟虫、累枝虫和轮虫组合是整个工艺出水水质良好的生物学标志. 相似文献
4.
为了去除矿井水中多种污染物,建立了"采空区+常规处理+深度处理"的井上下联合处理工艺组合。结果表明:受煤矿顶板含水层水岩作用,矿井水中Cl-、SO42-和Fe离子出现了超标现象,有的甚至达到Ⅴ类地下水标准;溶解性有机质含量较低,以大分子和芳香族化合物为主。采空区主要利用其顶板岩石破碎充填物吸附过滤矿井水中悬浮物,对Fe离子和有机质也有一定的处理效果,Fe离子去除率约20%,TOC和UV254的平均去除率分别为67.45%和65.40%。常规处理工艺对F-的去除率为11.90%~35.21%,铁锰离子则完全被去除;由于前端好氧沉淀池,硝酸盐和有机质含量略有升高,其中增加的有机质主要为溶解性微生物代谢产物。深度处理工艺对常规离子、硝酸盐、氟离子、有机质等有较好的去除效果,去除率均在95%以上。总体上,在采空区和常规处理工艺去除悬浮物和部分污染物的基础上,再利用深度处理工艺完成绝大部分污染物的去除,是一套比较有效的矿井水处理工艺组合。 相似文献
5.
通过对曝气系统的调节,微压流化式复合生物反应器（MP-FHBR）内可以实现好氧区和缺氧区共存,利用这一特点和MP-FHBR中同时存在的活性污泥﹑悬浮生物膜复合生物体系,进行了同步脱氮的试验研究。结果表明,MP-FHBR在好氧-缺氧条件下,实现了同步脱氮过程,TN和COD的平均去除率分别达到77.5%和98.3%。降低DO质量浓度使反应器内形成完全缺氧环境,对MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果没有显著影响,但会降低系统去除COD的效果;而提高DO质量浓度使反应器内形成完全好氧环境,MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果显著下降。在一定范围内提高进水COD/TN有利于提高MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果,COD/TN 由2升高到10,TN平均去除率由58.4%提高到78.8%,而继续提高COD/TN对系统同步脱氮效果的影响并不明显。在反应器允许的条件下,提高污泥质量浓度(MLSS)有利于提高系统反硝化脱氮效果,TN去除率随MLSS的增加而提高。 相似文献
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渗滤取水净水机理主要是利用砂砾石层表面的泥膜及砂砾石层本身过滤作用、吸附作用，微生物的降解作用达到去除水中的悬浮物质、降低水的浊度、除菌的效果。通过分析重庆江津白沙渗滤取水工程中渗透水水质表明，河水经过天然河床渗滤处理，其中的悬浮物质几乎可以被完全去除，并有较好的除菌效果。渗透水中NO3^-，COD，BOD，TOC去除率达75％以上。渗透水常量化学组分Na^ ,Cl^-浓度明显降低,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ，HCO3有少量增加。渗滤水的水质得到大幅提高，不仅达到国家饮用水标准．而且由于水岩相互作用，使渗滤水矿化度也有所增加，产生一定矿化作用。 相似文献
8.
江汉平原原生劣质地下水问题日趋严重,地下水中砷、亚铁、锰、铵态氮含量严重超标,对居民生产生活和饮用水安全造成了不利影响,但相关研究仍较为薄弱。以汉江下游典型河流渗滤系统为研究对象,对研究区内距离汉江5 km及主要支流2 km范围内的地下水样品的水化学成分及原生劣质组分进行测试分析,旨在查明江汉下游河流渗滤系统原生劣质地下水的分布特征,并探讨其主要影响因素。结果显示:平面上,地下水原生劣质组分呈高度空间异质性,相邻的采样点浓度可能相差很大,极大值点多出现在河流拐弯处;垂向上,地下水中As、Fe2+、Mn、NH4-N高值多出现在20 m左右的深度;强烈的还原环境、中性pH值和富含有机质是该层地下水富集原生劣质组分的主要原因;河流渗滤通过改变地下水的氧化还原条件、酸碱条件和有机质含量影响河流渗滤系统原生劣质地下水的分布。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷盐湖相原油中杂原子化合物研究薄弱。采用高分辨率质谱技术、结合色谱-质谱,对东濮凹陷盐湖相、淡水湖相原油、烃源岩中的含氮、氧化合物进行了检测。结果表明,原油中含有丰富的氮、氧化合物, N1、O1和O2占绝对优势;随成熟度增加,N1和O1类化合物相对丰度增加、O2类化合物相对丰度降低、氮/氧化合物的缩合度增加、烷基侧链碳数范围降低,提出了多项氮、氧化合物的成熟度辅助识别指标,建立了DBE15/DBE9-N1和DBE15+/DBE14--N1与折算镜质体反射率之间的定量关系式。通过对氮、氧化合物的油-油、油-岩对比,认为东濮凹陷盐湖相原油主要来自成熟烃源岩。基于高分辨率质谱的氮、氧化合物具有重要的成熟度评价、油源对比、油气运移示踪的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
沸石强化过滤的中试及生产性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对新型水处理材料沸石强化常规给水处理工艺进行了中试和生产性试验,并与石英砂滤料做了对比.中试结果表明粒径为0.80-1.20mm沸石对浊度、氨氮、有机物都表现出良好的去除效果,过滤时的水头损失、反冲洗强度明显小于石英砂,不仅能满足反冲洗要求,还可节省反冲洗水量,降低运行成本.在生产性试验条件下,沸石对浊度、氨氮、耗氧量的去除率分别为95%、83%和39%.因此,在当前水源水遭到污染的情况下,用沸石替代石英砂滤料可明显改善水质,在不增加处理构筑物的情况下,对给水处理工艺可起到强化作用 相似文献
12.
Degradation of 2, 4, 6-trinitotoluene in aqueous solution by ozonation and multi-stage ozonation biological treatment 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
G. El Diwani Ph.D. S. El Rafie Ph.D. S. Hawash Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(4):619-628
The objective of this study was to explore the extent of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution and red water mineralization by comparing conventional direct ozonation and multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment process. The alkaline hydrolysis was used for remediation 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and red water at pH = 10.9. Nevertheless, the hydroxyl radicals would be generated by ozone decomposition with ozone dose of 0.177 g/L. The samples were subjected to chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon analysis to monitor pollutants removal. The rate of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and red water pollutants degradation were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution resulted 55.5 % chemical oxygen demand removal by 3 h direct ozonation. Following direct ozonation the biological treatment twenty four hours chemical oxygen demand reached 98.9 % and 98.7 % removal using humic acid and river water 1 % ( v/v) inoculation singly and respectively. Conventional direct ozonation showed non significant change in total organic carbon degradation. While on using multi-stage ozone-biological treatment process where humic acid and/or river water were used as inoculums singly and respectively, total organic carbon fulfilled 73 % and 98.3 % removal. The process was one hour direct ozonation and followed by three days multi-stage ozone-biological treatment. In multi-stage ozone-biological treatment process, ozonation was effective to decompose total organic carbon and to produce biodegradable dissolved organic carbon easily removed by ozone oxidation up to 98.3 % in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution. Pollutants removal achieved 99 % in authentic red water effluent using river inoculation 1 % (v/v) in 5 days. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transformation Infra Red methods were performed to confirm types of pollutants content in red water. 相似文献
13.
选取1993～2008年瓜州县人类活动数据及双塔水库水质指标年平均值进行主成分分析,去除冗余信息后进行多元线性回归分析,得到四组反映人类活动对水库水环境影响情况的回归方程。说明对双塔水库水质起主要影响作用的是农业活动和因农业活动引起的土地利用变化,农业活动的非点源污染是水库水质的主要污染源,水库水质仍存在富营养化的风险;工业活动对水库水质的影响没有在回归方程中体现出来。在农业活动过程中,耕地面积每增加10 000亩促使pH值上升0.062、溶解氧值下降0.046、高锰酸钾指数上升0.103、COD值上升0.617;而每增加10 000t的氮肥施用量会引起pH值升高1.837;总人口每增加1万人,COD值上升0.798。 相似文献
14.
Effect of vegetation on the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with lightweight expanded clay aggregates 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
M. C. Mesquita A. Albuquerque L. Amaral R. Nogueira 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(3):433-442
This research evaluates the effect of both organic and ammonia loading rates and the presence of plants on the removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, 2 years after the start-up. Two sets of experiments were carried out in two mesocosms at different organic and ammonia loading rates (the loads were doubled); one without plants (control bed), the other colonized with Phragmites australis. Regardless of the organic loading rate, the organic mass removal rate was improved in the presence of plants (93.4 % higher for the lower loading rate, and 56 % higher for the higher loading rate). Similar results were observed for the ammonia mass removal rate (117 % higher for the lower loading rate, and 61.3 % higher for the higher loading rate). A significant linear relationship was observed between the organic loading rate and the respective removal rates in both beds for loads between 10 and 13 g m?2 day?1. The presence of plants markedly increase removal of organic matter and ammonia, as a result of the role of roots and rhizomes in providing oxygen for aerobic removal pathways, a higher surface area for the adhesion and development of biofilm and nitrogen uptake by roots. 相似文献
15.
Removal of Congo red from textile wastewater by ozonation 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
P. Gharbani Ph.D. S. M. Tabatabaii Ph.D. A. Mehrizad M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(4):495-500
Congo red, which has a complex molecular structure with various diazo aromatic groups, is widely used in textile industry as an anionic dye. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation of Congo red in laboratory solution which had the chemical properties of the rinse waters of textile manufacturing dye-houses and the samples with Congo red alone wastewater by ozonation and to optimize the reaction parameters such as pH and time which influence the efficiencies of total organic carbon, total kjeldahl nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand removal. Ozonation of Congo red dye were carried out in a semi-batch reactor with constant ozone flow rate and concentration of 23 mL/sec and 13.6 mg/L, respectively. Decolorization was complete within a few minutes of ozonation possibly due to the cleavage of chromophore groups. It was observed that its structural destruction occurs predominantly at higher pHs. The reduction of chemical oxygen demand and destruction of the dye was more than 60 % and 42 %, respectively. Total kjeldahl nitrogen removal was accompanied by slight changes in nitrogen oxides. It can be deduced from the experimental results that: (a) the mineralization is very weak; (b) the reaction follows the indirect mechanism; i.e., the interaction of hydroxyl radicals with the dye and (c) the nitrification is rather predominant. Biological oxygen demand is declined in simulated alkalic and neutral samples respectively. At 13.6 mg O3/L, the biological oxygen demand levels were significantly enhanced. This might be attributable to the enhancement of its biodegradation at alkaline pHs. 相似文献
16.
J. C. Leyva-Díaz J. Martín-Pascual J. M. Poyatos 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(4):881-910
This review carries out a comparative study of advanced technologies to design, upgrade and rehabilitate wastewater treatment plants. The study analyzed the relevant researches in the last years about the moving bed biofilm reactor process with only attached biomass and with hybrid biomass, which combined attached and suspended growth; both could be coupled with a secondary settling tank or microfiltration/ultrafiltration membrane as a separation system. The physical process of membrane separation improved the organic matter and NH4 +-N removal efficiencies compared with the settling tank. In particular, the pure moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor showed average chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 88.32, 90.84 and 60.17%, respectively, and the hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor had mean chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day and total nitrogen reduction percentages of 91.18, 97.34 and 68.71%, respectively. Moreover, the hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor showed the best efficiency regarding organic matter removal for low hydraulic retention times, so this system would enable the rehabilitation of activated sludge plants and membrane bioreactors that did not comply with legislation regarding organic matter removal. As the pure moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor performed better than the hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor–membrane bioreactor concerning the total nitrogen removal under low hydraulic retention times, this system could be used to adapt wastewater treatment plants whose effluent was flowed into sensitive zones where total nitrogen concentration was restricted. This technology has been reliably used to upgrade overloaded existing conventional activated sludge plants, to treat wastewater coming from textile, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, paper mill or hospital effluents, to treat wastewater containing recalcitrant compounds efficiently, and to treat wastewater with high salinity and/or low and high temperatures. 相似文献
17.
Floating wetland mesocosm assessment of nutrient removal to reduce ecotoxicity in stormwater ponds 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
N. B. Chang M. K. Islam M. P. Wanielista 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(3):453-462
A grouped mesocosm study was conducted with different water holding capacities and conditions to determine nutrient removal efficiency using floating wetland macrophytes. Different scenarios were created by changing water depth, littoral vegetation, sorption media and area coverage to observe how they affect nutrient removal efficiencies. Plant species were screened and selected based on the literature, local availability and previously performed microcosm studies. Sorption media were warped using geotextile filter fostering microbial colonization in the rhizospheric zone to enhance denitrification and plant growth. Water quality parameters included total nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrate?Cnitrogen and ammonia?Cnitrogen in addition to in situ parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and chlorophyll-a. Composite samples across several locations were collected periodically to understand the spatial distribution or aggregation of nutrients. After 3?months of water quality monitoring, plants were analyzed for tissue nutrient concentrations, and the average uptake rate was calculated as 36.39 and 1.48?mg?m?2?day?1 for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, by the floating treatment wetland system. Finally, considering the higher nutrient aggregation in the rhizospheric zone, the removal rate with 5?% area coverage and water quality improvement by littoral zone, the optimized design, placement and maintenance of the whole system were recommended. 相似文献
18.
Kinetic modeling of carbon and nutrients removal in an integrated rotating biological contactor-activated sludge system 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A. Akhbari A. A. L. Zinatizadeh P. Mohammadi Y. Mansouri M. Irandoust M. H. Isa 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(2):371-378
In this study, kinetics of biological carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous removal from a synthetic wastewater in an integrated rotating biological contactor-activated sludge system was investigated. The experimental data obtained from varying four significant independent factors viz., hydraulic retention time, chemical oxygen demand for nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, internal recirculation from aerobic to anoxic zone and disks rotating speed were used for the process kinetic modeling. In order to obtain the bioprocess kinetic coefficients, Monod, first-order and Stover?CKincannon models were employed. As a result, Monod and Stover?CKincannon models were found to be the appropriate models to describe the bioprocess in the rotating biological contactor-activated sludge system as the determination coefficient for the first-order model obtained less than 0.79. According to the Monod model, growth yield, microbial decay rate, maximum specific biomass growth rate, and half-velocity constant coefficients were found to be 0.712?g VSS/g COD, 0.008/d, 5.54/d and 55?mg COD/L, respectively. From Stover?CKincannon model, the maximum total substrate removal rate constant and half-velocity constant were determined as 15.2, 10.98, 12.05?g/L?d and 14.78, 7.11, 6.97?mg/L for chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively. The kinetic parameters determined in this study can be used to improve the design and operation of the biological contactor-activated sludge system in full scale. 相似文献
19.
D. F. Juang W. P. Tsai W. K. Liu J. H. Lin 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(3):305-314
The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of a gravel contact oxidation treatment system which was newly constructed under the riverbed of Nan-men Stream located at the Shin Chu City of Taiwan. The influent and effluent water samples were taken periodically for the analyses of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, five-day biological oxygen demand, NH4 +-N. The results showed that the average removal rates of five-day biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids and NH4 +-N were 33.6% (between ?6.7% and 82.1%), 56.3% (between ?83.0% and 93.4%) and 10.7% (between ?13.0% and 83.3%), respectively. The calculated mean first order reaction rate constant for five-day biological oxygen demand was 4.58/day with a standard deviation of 4.07/day and for NH4 +-N was 2.15/day with a standard deviation of 5.68/day. Therefore, it could be said that this gravel-contact-oxidation system could effectively remove biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and NH4 +-N in river water at a relatively short hydraulic retention time, although its pollutant treatment efficiency was not quite stable. However, to reach better or more stable treatment efficiency, aeration might sometimes be necessary to increase the dissolved oxygen in influent river water. And, longer hydraulic retention time of the system might also be required to increase NH4 +-N removal efficiency. 相似文献