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1.
SAR图像斑点噪声抑制方法与应用研究   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
黄世奇  刘代志 《测绘学报》2006,35(3):245-250
通过详细分析SAR图像的判读和应用斑点噪声的算法,得出:多视处理能有效地平滑噪声,但降低空间分辨率;基于空间域滤波算法能有效地平滑斑点噪声,但不同程度地损失边缘和细节信息;基于变换域的小波多尺度滤波可以较好地保持边缘信息,然而其滤波效果不理想。在此基础上提出利用小波分析技术把两种或两种以上的单个滤波方法进行融合,在有效去除斑点噪声时能够较好地保持边缘、细节和纹理信息。最后初步讨论在实际应用中应根据不同情况和要求选择相应的滤波方法。  相似文献   

2.
首先给出典型的原子钟时差观测量模型,包括确定性部分(时差、频差、线性频漂和周期性波动项)、随机性部分(即原子钟噪声)和观测噪声;分析了各分量对应的Allan偏差的表达式。针对部分文献对Kalman滤波器估计原子钟状态原理描述不清晰的问题,描述了原子钟随机微分方程模型和各物理量的含义,从最优估计和低通滤波器两个角度阐述其原理。针对观测噪声过大、存在周期性波动等原因造成无法准确估计原子钟噪声强度的情况,提出了综合Kalman滤波器状态估计结果和Allan偏差图,估计原子钟噪声和观测噪声强度的方法;提出了3种不同的估计线性频漂幅度的方法,并通过实测数据相互验证;针对周期性波动在时差中不明显的问题,结合原子钟随机微分方程模型,提出了综合Kalman滤波器状态估计的结果和对数Allan偏差图估计周期性波动周期和幅度的方法。对两台国产氢钟的实测数据进行了验证,证明该方法物理原理清晰,操作简便易行,具有实用性。通过该方法可以外推得到所有平滑时间的Allan偏差估计值。  相似文献   

3.
In order to deal with the pseudo-Gibbs phenomenon and noise interference in the image enhancement, a novel remote sensing image enhancement technique based on unsharp masking and non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) is proposed in this paper. The steps of the proposed model are described as follows: Firstly, the input image is decomposed into one low-frequency component and several high-frequency components by the NSST transform; Secondly, the weighted guided image filter is performed on the low-frequency component to improve the contrast of the image, and the hard thresholding is used to suppress the noise of the high-frequency components; Thirdly, the inverse non-subsampled shearlet transform is utilized to reconstruct the image; Finally, the unsharp masking model is performed on the reconstructed image, and the final enhanced image is obtained. Experimental results and comparison analysis demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms others in terms of remote sensing image enhancement.  相似文献   

4.
GPS单历元形变信号的小波降噪   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王坚  高井祥  孙祥中 《测绘科学》2004,29(1):24-25,32
阐述了小波变换、多分辨分析及中值滤波的基本原理。研究了对小波变换的高频系数采用中值滤波,然后重构信号达到降噪目的的形变数据处理新方法。并与强制降噪及软门限阈值化小波降噪方法比较。模拟实验表明,基于高频中值滤波的小波降噪方法不仅能有效降噪,保持信号的光滑性,还能在降噪的过程中剔除少量粗差。  相似文献   

5.
郭桐宇  宋伟东 《测绘工程》2018,(1):64-67,72
针对传统迭代反射投影方法得到的重建影像,其边缘部分存在锯齿效应和噪声信息,从而无法达到提升影像清晰度不足的问题。文中对初始重建影像,首先使用反锐化掩模方法提取其中的高频分量,并对高频信息进行分类,然后平滑掉其中的噪声信息,应用高频增强曲线对高频分量进行提升,保持高频分量的单调性。实验仿真结果表明,该方法可以消除噪声,小的边缘纹理细节得到增强,大轮廓没有过增强,可有效提升重建影像的清晰度。  相似文献   

6.
A novel noise reduction scheme for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferograms based on the wavelet packet transform (WPT) and the Wiener filter is introduced in this letter. First, by employing the WPT in the spatial frequency domain, the real and imaginary parts of the complex noisy interferogram are decomposed, respectively, and the wavelet coefficients are obtained. Then, for these coefficients, Wiener filtering is adopted to remove noise. This scheme can filter noise adaptively according to the local noise level, without requiring any a priori information. By using a simulated noisy interferogram and two ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar C-band interferograms, the performance of this scheme, in terms of noise reduction and fringes preservation, is reported and compared with other filter algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.   相似文献   

7.
This paper reports on the smoothing/filtering analysis of a digital surface model (DSM) derived from LiDAR altimetry for part of the River Coquet, Northumberland, UK using loess regression and the 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) implemented in the S-PLUS and R statistical packages. The chosen method of analysis employs a simple method to generate ‘noise’ which is then added to a smooth sample of LiDAR data; loess regression and wavelet methods are then used to smooth/filter this data and compare with the original ‘smooth’ sample in terms of RMSE. Various combinations of functions and parameters were chosen for both methods. Although wavelet analysis was effective in filtering the noise from the data, loess regression employing a quadratic parametric function produced the lowest RMSE and was the most effective.  相似文献   

8.
 One of the most basic and important tools in optimal spectral gravity field modelling is the method of Wiener filtering. Originally developed for applications in analogue signal analysis and communication engineering, Wiener filtering has become a standard linear estimation technique of modern operational geodesy, either as an independent practical tool for data de-noising in the frequency domain or as an integral component of a more general signal estimation methodology (input–output systems theory). Its theoretical framework is based on the Wiener–Kolmogorov linear prediction theory for stationary random fields in the presence of additive external noise, and thus it is closely related to the (more familiar to geodesists) method of least-squares collocation with random observation errors. The main drawback of Wiener filtering that makes its use in many geodetic applications problematic stems from the stationarity assumption for both the signal and the noise involved in the approximation problem. A modified Wiener-type linear estimation filter is introduced that can be used with noisy data obtained from an arbitrary deterministic field under the masking of non-stationary random observation errors. In addition, the sampling resolution of the input data is explicitly taken into account within the estimation algorithm, resulting in a resolution-dependent optimal noise filter. This provides a more insightful approach to spectral filtering techniques for noise reduction, since the data resolution parameter has not been directly incorporated in previous formulations of frequency-domain estimation problems for gravity field signals with discrete noisy data. Received: 1 November 2000 / Accepted: 19 June 2001  相似文献   

9.
This letter presents a phase-unwrapping (PU) algorithm for synthetic aperture radar interferometry based on a grid-based filter. The proposed PU algorithm, which is based on state-space techniques, simultaneously performs noise filtering and PU. The formulation of this technique provides independence from noise statistics and is not constrained by the nonlinearity of the problem. Results obtained with synthetic data show a significant improvement with respect to other conventional PU algorithms in some situations.  相似文献   

10.
根据干涉图信号和噪声时频分布差异的特点,提出一种改进的基于经验模态分解EEMD的InSAR干涉相位滤波方法。该方法首先利用可有效降低模态混叠的EEMD算法,对干涉图的实部及虚部分别进行2维经验模态分解,获得具有不同时间尺度的模态分量;然后根据信号和噪声分量的时间尺度分布特性的差异,采用适用于非线性信号分析的KECA算法对噪声识别、分离;最后利用去除噪声后的模态分量重构干涉图。为了证明本文方法的有效性,分别利用模拟数据及真实InSAR差分干涉相位进行滤波试验。对比本文EEMD-KECA滤波方法、Goldstein滤波、圆周期—中值滤波、EMD分解、EMD-PCA方法的滤波效果,采用相干斑指数、均方差指数、边缘保持指数进行定量评价。结果表明,与经典InSAR干涉图滤波方法相比,本文联合EEMD-KECA算法的滤波方法能有效滤除干涉图噪声,且在条纹边缘等细节信息的保持上也具有较大优势。  相似文献   

11.
针对桥梁GNSS-RTK变形监测中多路径效应和随机噪声的影响,提出了一种基于Chebyshev滤波和自适应噪声的完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN),以及小波阈值(WT)降噪技术的多滤波联合降噪方法。该方法首先对监测信号实施Chebyshev滤波抑制多路径效应;然后进行CEEMDAN分解,基于自相关性分析,对噪声IMF分量进行WT降噪去除随机噪声。本文以天津海河大桥GNSS-RTK变形监测作为试验,对监测数据进行多滤波降噪处理。结果表明:本文所提的多滤波降噪方法能有效抑制多路径效应和随机噪声,GNSS-RTK与多滤波降噪相结合的方法能够准确识别桥梁真实动态位移,为桥梁GNSS-RTK监测数据降噪处理提供了一种良好的途径。  相似文献   

12.
极化SAR图像自适应增强Lee滤波算法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郎丰铠  杨杰  李德仁 《测绘学报》2014,43(7):690-697
精制极化Lee滤波算法以其简单、高效、健壮等优点在极化SAR图像处理解译中得到了广泛的应用。然而,此滤波算法存在明显的缺陷:扇贝效应和虚假细线。对此,本文提出增加一组均匀窗口及一组线性方向窗口,并采用大小自适应窗口机制,在同质度高的区域用大窗口滤波,在同质度低的区域用小窗口滤波,从而使得滤波窗口在形状和尺寸上都能自动适应实际场景。利用机载和星载全极化SAR数据进行的滤波实验结果表明,本文提出的自适应增强Lee滤波算法在同质区域的噪声抑制能力明显优于精制极化Lee滤波算法及改进的Sigma滤波算法,同时在保持点、线等细节信息方面也优于精制极化Lee滤波算法,并且能很好的保持图像中地物的极化散射信息。  相似文献   

13.
InSAR干涉图滤波方法研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
林卉  赵长胜  杜培军  舒宁 《测绘学报》2005,34(2):113-117
探讨多视滤波法、中值滤波法、基于梯度的自适应滤波、additive滤波法四种抑制干涉图噪声的滤波方法.多视滤波法平滑了影像数据,是以牺牲空间分辨率为代价的,通常这种滤波处理应用在从两个单视影像获得的复数影像处理中;作为一种传统的抑制噪声方法,中值滤波技术实质上是一种非线性信号处理技术,它假设噪声具有极端的数值,即在所定义的平滑模板内为最(较)大值或最(较)小值,因此它会使得干涉图丢失一些信息;基于梯度的自适应法是基于梯度的一种中值滤波,它使得边缘更加清晰,该方法可与中值滤波联合使用;Addtive滤波法强调根据局部噪声状况和使用方向平行窗口得到的滤波噪声边缘来自适应的滤除噪声,对于局部噪声状况由关联图来决定.这种方法尤其对高关联的干涉图最为可取.  相似文献   

14.
利用小波变换对影像进行融合的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于小波变换可以对影像进行正交分解 ,而不丢失原来信号所包含的信息。提出了一种Wallis变换、小波变换和IHS变换相结合用于融合的方法 ,该方法可以有效地提高多光谱影像的空间分辨率 ,同时保持原来多光谱影像的色调。  相似文献   

15.
小样本的高光谱图像降噪与分类   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在样本数目稀少情况下实现高光谱图像精细分类是个挑战性的问题。高光谱图像信噪比提高比较困难,噪声大小对分类结果有最直接的影响。利用高光谱图像相邻波段之间的相关性和相邻像素之间的相关性,提出多级降噪滤波的高光谱图像分类方法,通过改进的两阶段稀疏与低秩矩阵分解方法,去除高光谱图像中能量较高的噪声,利用主成分分析方法去除高光谱图像中能量较低的噪声,引导滤波方法去除分类结果图中的"椒盐噪声"。选取两幅真实高光谱图像进行实验,结果表明,两阶段稀疏与低秩矩阵分解法和主成分分析法两种降噪方法具有较强的互补性;引导滤波方法使得分类图更加平滑且分类精度更高。与其他光谱空间分类方法相比,本文方法分类精度更高,且在样本极少时能获得很高的分类精度。  相似文献   

16.
部分匹配滤波器与FFT相结合的捕获模型使用在高动态环境下导航信号的捕获中,由于它对多普勒频率误差有较高的容忍度,因此可以直接进行频域的并行搜索,大大降低了平均搜索时间,并使整个系统依然具有较高的检测概率. 文中通过建立数学模型,对PMF FFT捕获算法的原理及特性及其在捕获流程中的各部分损耗进行了详细的分析,并针对P码的非周期特性,使用重叠保留法对PMF FFT算法进行了改进,使用基于FFT的并行码相位搜索的方法,在频域内实现了时域相关运算,进一步减少了捕获时间. 最后依据“达到等效判决信噪比时总运算时间最少”原则,对算法中各项参数的设计提出了指导意见,具有一定的参考价值。   相似文献   

17.
In this study, a novel noise reduction algorithm for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is proposed based on high-order rank-1 tensor decomposition. The hyperspectral data cube is considered as a three-order tensor that is able to jointly treat both the spatial and spectral modes. Subsequently, the rank-1 tensor decomposition (R1TD) algorithm is applied to the tensor data, which takes into account both the spatial and spectral information of the hyperspectral data cube. A noise-reduced hyperspectral image is then obtained by combining the rank-1 tensors using an eigenvalue intensity sorting and reconstruction technique. Compared with the existing noise reduction methods such as the conventional channel-by-channel approaches and the recently developed multidimensional filter, the spatial–spectral adaptive total variation filter, experiments with both synthetic noisy data and real HSI data reveal that the proposed R1TD algorithm significantly improves the HSI data quality in terms of both visual inspection and image quality indices. The subsequent image classification results further validate the effectiveness of the proposed HSI noise reduction algorithm.  相似文献   

18.
彩色影像的遗传自适应增强   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提出了一种彩色色形像自适应增强的算法,此算法充分利用了彩色影像饱和度和亮度所包含的信息,并利用遗传算法自适应地调整增强系数。对于不同的影像,本文算法均能使其对比度,目标边缘以及纹理特征得到增强。  相似文献   

19.
基于EMD-自适应滤波的干涉图去噪方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提出了一种基于EMD-自适应滤波干涉图去噪方法,该方法基于信号和噪声经过经验模态分解后在不同的IMF上有不同的特征,即先对信号进行经验模态分解,然后对各个高频IMF信号分别选用不同的滤波梯度参数进行自适应滤波处理,从初始干涉图上减去与斑点噪声所对应尺度信息,从而达到噪声抑制的目的。通过实验对比研究了该算法与Goldstein滤波、圆周期中值滤波、EMD分解方法和梯度-自适应滤波去噪的降噪效果。实验表明,该方法不仅能有效地去除InSAR干涉图的噪声,并且能很好地保持相位的细节信息和条纹的边缘信息。  相似文献   

20.
定位数据分析及后处理是卫星导航定位系统在测绘和地灾监测应用中的关键环节. 通常,在卡尔曼滤波处理定位数据后得到的平滑数据,能够剔除噪声干扰得到贴近真值的数据. 但在长时间跨度的情况下,周期性发生的干扰难以在短时间内被识别和滤除,从而反映为一种频率较低的噪声波动. 假设该波动干扰存在周期性,以X-11分解时间序列分析方法进行数据处理,平滑后定位数据的方差从4.733减小至2.683,精度提高了43.3%. 并对拆分数据进行差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)建模预测. 还原数据对比直接预测数据的分析结果表明:拆分后分别预测再整合还原精度高于直接预测5%~10%,可以应对平滑处理实时性差的问题.   相似文献   

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