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1.
An analysis of the action of dowels on the stabilization of rock blocks on underground excavation walls 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Summary Underground excavation in fractured rock masses can lead to instability of rock blocks on its perimeter. Among the stabilization
measures that are often used, dowels or passive bolts play an important role. These passive reinforcement measures cannot,
however, be easily considered in simplified calculation techniques based on the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). The analysis
of such elements cannot be separated from rock-dowel interaction following the displacement of the block.
A new simplified calculation procedure is presented in this paper for the analysis of the interaction between rock and dowels
on walls of an underground excavation where potentially sliding rock blocks are present. The assumed interaction scheme is,
however, partial in that dowel reinforcement is only activated by a small displacement, while this displacement does not induce
a destressing of the rock block. Such a procedure allows a fast dimensioning of the dowels, considering the maximum stabilizing
force that they are able to apply to the block without reaching a critical condition with reference to dowel failure or to
its connection to the rock.
Correspondence: Dr. Pierpaolo Oreste, Politecnico di Torino, DITAG, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy 相似文献
2.
P. P. Oreste 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(1):53-69
The analysis of dowels (non pre-stressed passive reinforcements) for the stabilization of potentially unstable rock blocks
due to sliding is one of the most interesting problems concerning the static of underground rock chambers. The stabilizing
force produced by dowels is not in fact known a priori and it depends on the dowel–rock interaction. The parameters that influence
the problem are not only the geometrical ones of the dowel, but also the mechanical characteristics of the rock and the orientation
of the displacement vector of the block. A detailed study of the dowel–rock interaction has been carried out in this work.
This analysis is able to lead to the evaluation of the axial and shear forces in the dowel in correspondence to the crossed
discontinuity of the block. The vectorial composition of these two forces constitutes the stabilization force of the dowel.
An extensive parametric analysis then made it possible to determine the great variability of the stabilization force of the
dowel in function of the influential parameters of the problem. The graphics that were obtained can be considered a useful
design instrument as they quickly allow the dimensioning of the dowels to be done to reach the required safety factor for
the rock block. 相似文献
3.
The intake slope for the Fengtan Hydropower Station enlargement project is composed of thickly bedded sedimentary rock. During excavation of the intake slope and tunnels, toppling was observed in the rock masses of the intake slope. Research was conducted to study the engineering geological conditions and the deformation characteristics of the slope during excavation. The in situ monitoring data and possible causes for toppling were analyzed. A method for analyzing monitoring data was proposed, which can be used to calculate the depth and rotation angle of block toppling. The monitoring results showed that toppling occurred only at a shallow depth, and induced local instability of the slope. Deformation had been controlled and the slope tended to be stable after reinforcement. Through this case study, it can be seen that the stability of the slope and underground openings during and after excavation is variable, especially when the loading conditions and topography are changed. A proper construction sequence is essential, i.e., excavation from the inside toward the free slope surface; excavating the slope above the tunnel after the tunnel lining is in place. This is particularly important for the excavation of multiple tunnels at the slope toe. 相似文献
4.
软岩浅埋隧道施工工法比选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前在高速公路软岩浅埋隧道施工中均不同程度地出现了围岩坍塌、地表产生大面积沉降等问题。广福隧道某浅埋段,地质条件复杂,断面大、岩性差,受构造影响比较严重,而且顶板厚度比较薄,易发生坍塌、冒顶现象。为确保浅埋段隧道的施工安全,尽量减少隧道开挖引起的地层沉降和围岩变形,采用FLAC3D对4种施工工法全断面法、短台阶法、单侧壁导坑法和双侧壁导坑法进行模拟,分析了4种工法下地表沉降、隧道围岩周边位移和塑性区的变化特点,选出一种技术可行、经济合理的施工工法,得出一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
5.
6.
Claudio di Prisco Luca Flessati Gabriele Frigerio Riccardo Castellanza Marco Caruso Andrea Galli Pietro Lunardi 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(3):651-670
In spite of the increasing diffusion of tunnel boring machines, conventional tunnelling is still preferred for economic reasons in case of short tunnels, unconventional cross sections or irregular tunnel trajectories. In conventional tunnelling, the mechanical response of the tunnel front is a main concern and, when tunnels are excavated in cohesive soils, this is dominated by the time factor, related to geometry, to the mean excavation rate and to the hydro-mechanical properties of the materials involved. This is particularly evident during excavation standstill: front displacements progressively increase with time and, in many cases, the system response under long-term conditions becomes unstable. In conventional tunnelling, a common technique employed to improve the system response (under both short- and long-term conditions) is the installation of fibreglass tubes within the advance core. In this paper, the mechanical response of both unreinforced and reinforced deep tunnel fronts in cohesive soils is experimentally analysed. In particular, the results of a series of 1 g small-scale tests, taking into account both the influence of the excavation rate (the unloading time) on the system response and the evolution with time of the tunnel face displacements, induced by a rapid reduction in the horizontal stress applied on the tunnel face, are reported. 相似文献
7.
基于强度折减原理的地下洞室群整体安全系数计算方法探讨 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
为解决大型地下洞室群的整体稳定性评价这一难题,吸收边坡强度折减有限元的优点,提出了基于强度折减技术的地下洞室群整体安全系数求解方法。该方法采用Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,以洞室之间的等效塑性应变贯通作为洞室群整体失稳的临界判据。洞群整体安全系数计算是通过搜索折减系数F,将岩土材料的力学强度参数（黏聚力c和内摩擦角?）按F值折减代入数值计算中,使计算模型的洞室间正好出现明显的贯通性等效塑性应变来实现。拉西瓦水电站地下发电枢纽洞室群和锦屏二级水电站A、B辅助洞两个典型工程实例的整体安全系数计算表明,该方法可以便捷、客观地获得洞室群的整体安全系数,可为大型地下多洞室的稳定性评价和开挖与支护设计提供定量指标和科学依据。 相似文献
8.
The fronts of tunnels excavated under particularly difficult ground conditions by employing conventional tunnelling methods are commonly supported: the stabilization is usually achieved either by improving the mechanical properties of the soil (injections, jet grouting, soil freezing, etc.) or by introducing linear inclusions. This last technique, consisting in the introduction of pipes (usually made of fibreglass reinforced polymers) in the front, is particularly popular since it is very simple to adapt the reinforcement geometry, length and number to the different conditions encountered during the excavation. The design of this reinforcement technique is nowadays based on very simplified approaches: on either empirical formula or the limit equilibrium method. In a previous paper, the authors numerically studied the mechanical response of unreinforced fronts in cohesive soils and defined a non-dimensional front characteristic curve. In this paper, the authors intend to take into consideration the role of reinforcements by following the same approach. A procedure allowing the definition of the reinforced non-dimensional front characteristic curve, once the reinforcement pattern is assigned, is introduced. The practical use of this curve is described.
相似文献9.
超前支护下隧道掌子面稳定性极限上限分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
软弱围岩隧道施工中,常采用超前支护确保隧道施工的安全。为了评价超前支护下隧道稳定性,建立了超前支护作用下截锥体、对数螺旋线共同破坏模型,基于极限分析上限法和综合强度折减法并考虑初期支护未支护段的影响,推导出了隧道稳定安全系数的目标函数,并利用Matlab编制程序求解该函数以此判断隧道稳定性。与模型试验结果和已有理论研究成果对比分析,验证了计算方法的合理性,同时分析了影响隧道稳定安全系数的各个因素。研究结果表明：围岩黏聚力、内摩擦角的增加,掌子面锚杆、拱部超前支护的施作对提高围岩稳定性有显著的作用,而初期支护未支护段长度、开挖高度的增加不利于围岩的稳定;在围岩内摩擦角较小时,分台阶开挖降低开挖高度提高隧道稳定性的效果更好;在围岩内摩擦角较大时,掌子面锚杆加固强度的增加对隧道稳定性提高的作用更显著。最后给出了超前支护的施工设计建议图,可为工程中初步确定超前支护参数和施工方法提供参考。 相似文献
10.
为定量评价隧道围岩的稳定性并指导支护设计,提出了隧道临界稳定断面的概念及基于临界稳定断面的隧道围岩稳定性分析方法,主要包括以下内容：（1）隧道临界稳定断面就是与设计开挖断面中心埋深相同、几何形状相似在无支护状态下围岩能够自稳的最大断面;（2）当设计开挖断面小于临界稳定断面时,临界稳定断面与设计开挖断面之间的围岩可以作为支护结构利用,且当其安全系数满足设计要求时,认为围岩能够长期自稳,除进行局部防护外,不需要系统支护,否则需要补充工程支护措施;（3）当设计开挖断面大于临界稳定断面时,需要进行工程支护;（4）提出了设计支护力的计算方法,即认为破坏区范围内的围岩为松散体,设计支护力 应能维持该松散体的稳定且具有一定的安全系数。通过该方法,对两种典型断面形式的铁路隧道的临界稳定断面进行了研究,并计算了不同围岩级别、不同埋深条件下围岩的自承载安全系数与所需的工程支护力。研究成果可以为隧道围岩稳定性的量化分析、支护设计等提供一种新的思路。 相似文献
11.
突水是复杂地质区域隧道修建时常见的地质灾害。掌子面前方隔水岩层是阻止突水发生的重要安全屏障。本文主要对隧道前方隔水层临界安全厚度的确定方法进行研究。首先基于Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则构建了隔水岩层剪切破坏力学分析模型并得到相应的隔水岩层安全厚度的计算公式;其次,对于深埋隧道,构造应力场对水平应力影响更明显,通过理论分析以及安全性角度分析,发现利用竖向应力计算法向应力更合理;然后,考虑隧道开挖对初始地应力的影响,对上述模型做了进一步的改进;最后,结合跃龙门隧道工程突水灾害的特点,利用区间非概率可靠性以及概率分析两种方法对隔水岩层厚度进行分析,并与现场实测结果进行对比验证。工程案例应用结果表明本文所提出的计算模型是有效的。本文的研究成果既是对现有的临界隔水岩层厚度的知识体系进行补充和完善,也可为后续的风险评估、风险对策的制定提供辅助信息。 相似文献
12.
13.
D. Peila 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1994,12(3):145-168
Summary The problem of tunnel face stability is studied and the analysis of the stabilizing effect achieved by pre-reinforcement of the core which has to be excavated is dealt with. In Italy, the insertion of longitudinal fibreglass pipes in the ground has proved to be efficient in solving face instability problems. A thorough review of other applications of the technology has been carried out.The results of a series of parametric, three-dimensional, elasto-plastic finite element analyses are presented. The tunnel excavation with or without support and face reinforcement is simulated in the models. The stresses, plastic zones and displacements in the ground, pipes and lining have been studied. The support effect of the pipes is demonstrated by the results. Face reinforcement significantly reduces the displacements of the face. The stresses in the material at the face are also charged from tension to compression, thus enhancing face stability. 相似文献
14.
15.
Safety Management Based on Detection of Possible Rock Bursts by AE Monitoring during Tunnel Excavation 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
Summary. As underground development continues at great depths, the danger of rock bursts will inevitably increase. It is important
to consider countermeasures for avoiding rock bursts in underground work. In Japan, rock bursts have actually been experienced
during construction of several tunnels, including the Kan-etsu tunnel construction project, during which many rock bursts
were observed. Stress analysis of tunnels is performed based on initial stress measurements in the base rock. In addition,
AE measurement has been adopted in construction management, allowing safer excavation. Collective analysis of the data obtained
has been shown to be effective for safety control during excavation of hard base rock. In this research, initial stress measurements
in base rock, secondary stress analysis around a tunnel, and AE measurements are examined. Based on the results of this analysis,
it is clear that the generation of rock bursts is related to the presence of geological discontinuities. 相似文献
16.
地下隧洞开挖和支护的三维数值分析计算 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据地下工程锚固支护原理,采用隐含锚杆柱单元的三维有限元和混凝土喷锚支护的三维数值计算方法,对复杂的地下泄洪隧洞的开挖和支护进行了分析计算。该方法不仅能够有效地反映锚杆的长度、密度、倾角对洞室开挖的影响,而且能够较好地模拟钢拱架和锚杆的时间施加效应。由于隐含锚杆柱单元和喷层单元是隐含在岩体单元中的,所以锚杆和喷层单元不受岩体单元划分的影响,能够有效地模拟各种支护方案,加快计算速度,合理反映锚固支护所作用的位置和时间影响。通过对构皮滩泄洪洞施工开挖和锚固支护的模拟计算,论证了施工开挖的稳定性和锚杆、喷层、钢拱架的支护作用,提出了洞室结构的加固措施,为工程施工开挖提供了有效的设计依据。 相似文献
17.
Claudio di Prisco Luca Flessati Gabriele Frigerio Pietro Lunardi 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(3):635-649
In spite of the increasing diffusion of tunnel boring machines, conventional tunnelling is still largely employed in the excavation of both deep and shallow tunnels characterized by a particularly irregular tracing. Under difficult ground conditions, in conventional tunnelling, the front is frequently reinforced by using fibreglass tubes partially removed during the excavation. This technique is expensive, time-consuming and its design is based on either empirical or very simplified theoretical formulas. Thus, the ultimate objective of the research developed by the authors is to introduce a more sophisticated design approach for this front reinforcement technique. A first step in this direction is this numerical study, in which the mechanical response of deep tunnel faces under undrained conditions is analysed by employing the front characteristic curve: a useful tool largely employed in the literature in analogy with what done for the cavity. The main result of this paper is the “Front Mother Characteristic” curve, obtained by introducing appropriate non-dimensional variables, allowing the designer, once both the system geometry and the soil mechanical properties are assigned, to assess the displacements of tunnel fronts without performing any numerical analysis. 相似文献
18.
Summary. Tunnel face and wall collapse are common during excavations performed by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) due to the difficulty
of correctly identifying the properties of the excavated rock. This identification, however, can be simplified by using the
cutting force to estimate rock strength, a method that has already proved quite successful in Japanese tunnel excavations.
This paper summarizes knowledge relating to the cutting force obtained through tunnel excavation experience, and the relationship
between rock strength and TBM operation is discussed. Although TBM operators rely on intuition to set the cutter head speed
appropriately, this decision process represents a logical method of operation that takes advantage of the variable speed capability
of the cutter head. Selection of appropriate support methods for the excavated face is also a critical issue in tunnel excavation.
This selection process is based on the condition of the rock, which is difficult to determine quickly and accurately during
tunnel excavation. The present paper uses the excavation of two tunnels to demonstrate that it is possible to assign rock
mass classifications accurately based on rock strength when boring a uniform rock type. It is also shown that the rock mass
can be classified from the rock strength normalized by the uniaxial compressive strength when boring through mixed rock types. 相似文献
19.
隧道TBM开挖过程中经常会遇到复合岩层,在这种地质环境下,隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine,简称TBM）开挖过程中的隧道围岩强度很难估计,隧道开挖掌子面和围岩容易发生坍塌。为了提高隧道掘进效率、预防事故发生,对开挖隧道围岩强度进行实时估算方面的研究很有必要。在重庆轨道九号线隧道TBM施工中,通过室内试验和现场实测数据发现,TBM推力FN与岩石强度成正比、TBM扭矩推力比T/FN（T为扭矩）与贯入度p0.5成正比例关系。针对砂质泥岩、砂岩和灰岩组成的复合岩层,提出了一种利用现场实测推力FN和扭矩T的值来快速估算开挖隧道围岩强度的方法,进一步对TBM实测数据进行线性拟合,从而得到估算公式中两个常数α1、α2的取值方法,并在10多个隧道实际工程中得到验证。结果表明,对于这种复合岩层地质环境,两个常数α1、α2的值与滚刀数量n和滚刀直径d相关。该研究成果为实时快速估算开挖隧道围岩强度提供了一种新的切实可行的思路,能提高隧道TBM施工的可靠性和安全性,具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献