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大气环流数值模式的一种并行化方案 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
从一般计算机并行计算理论出发,结合大气科学模式的特点,总结出一套对数值模式适用的并行化编程方案,而且提出了并行计算过程中应该注意的一些问题.利用文中提到的方案,可以帮助刚开始接触并行计算的模式编程人员快速完成串行数值模式的并行编程.最后,以一个串行的大气环流模式SAMIL并行化编程作为实例,对其并行计算过程和并行计算效率进行了描述和分析. 相似文献
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采用消息传递方式 (MPI) 对最近发展的广州区域数值预报模式进行了并行化计算研究。根据模式的结构和计算过程特点, 模式适合采用水平分区方案进行并行计算处理。在曙光3000并行计算机上分别采用一维和二维分区并行方案实现了模式的并行化计算, 并对模式的并行效率、并行加速比和并行通讯时间百分比等做了测试。对测试结果的分析表明:采用8个CPU时, 两种方案都能在1 h内完成72 h的预报, 一维分区方案的并行效率则保持在90 %左右, 可以满足业务运行需要。当模式使用8个以上CPU时, 通讯时间迅速增加并超过了计算时间的50%, 模式并行效率明显下降。CPU相同时, 模式一维分区并行方案比二维分区并行方案并行效率高且实现起来简单。 相似文献
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基于MPI技术的AREM模式并行开发及试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用消息传递接口函数库（MPI）并行程序设计技术开发了中尺度暴雨数值预报模式AREM（Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model）的并行版本,并在3种计算机系统平台下进行了加速比测试,结果显示出较高的并行效率和较好的可扩展性。建立并行版本后,模式高分辨率版本能够满足时效性要求。通过采用并行模式的高低分辨率版本对一个暴雨个例进行模拟表明,高分辨并行版本的模拟结果与观测更为接近,并具有较好的预报时效性。 相似文献
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气候模式并行计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
气候模式并行计算是国内外最近重视开展的在大规模并行计算机上应用的并行软件的开发工作。“气候动力学和气候预测理论的研究”国家攀登项目近年来先后在国产曙光１０００和曙光１０００Ａ并行计算机上开展了气候模式并行计算工作。所用的气候模式是气候动力学项目“八五”阶段设计发展的９层全球格点大气环流模式和从１９９７年起着手研制的１８层全球格点大气环流模式。这是我国首次进行的气候数值模式并行计算工作,阶段性工作取得了合理的并行效率。研究表明以大气环流模式为代表的气候模式是最适合并行计算机实际应用的科研任务之一,国产并行计算机有能力在该领域实际应用中发挥作用。 相似文献
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GRAPES全球格点模式的并行计算负载平衡策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着高性能计算机技术的发展和应用,并行计算已成为保证数值天气预报模式业务运行时效的关键技术之一.目前高性能计算机计算能力已达到每秒千万亿次浮点计算.系统中处理器数量也早已达十万甚至更多,如此巨大的计算资源对应用软件系统的设计也提出了挑战.数值天气预报软件系统要充分利用高性能计算机提供的计算资源,必须依靠并行计算方法,这包括适合计算问题的可扩展并行算法的设计、合适的数据分配方案以及良好的任务负载平衡方案.作为中国新一代数值天气预报格点模式,GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)设计的最终目标是一个科研/业务通用,区域/全球通用模式.作为一个格点模式,GRAPES的并行计算具有与欧洲中期数值顶报研究中心谱模式并行计算不同的特点,GRAPES的并行计算采用了经典的水平网格数据划分.但对于全球的GRAPES模式,由于采用拉格朗日差分方案,模式极地及附近区域格点与格点之间距离的减小.使得模式并行计算在采用简单的经纬网格划分方式实现时,必须考虑极地区域并行计算跨越多个处理器时导致的频繁通讯解决途径.本研究提出了利用消息传递组通讯实现全球格点模式并行计算的一种方法,其核心思想是将极点附近一定区域内的处理器按纬向划归不同的处理器组.文中还给出了该实现方法的任务分配算法,提出了改进的任务分配负载平衡方案.在中国气象局高性能计算机IBM-cluster1600上的测试表明,算法具有较好的可扩展性,其负载平衡方案改善了计算的绝对墙钟时间,使并行计算效率提高10%以上.模式的准业务运行结果表明计算墙钟时间基本可以满足数值预报业务的实时性要求. 相似文献
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针对基于作物模型开展产量实时预报后期气象资料的获取问题,提出通过相似类比,从历史气象资料库中获取替代资料的方案,基于CERES-Rice模型系统评估了平均值处理方案和历史相似类比方案的可预报性和误差分布特征。结果表明:水稻产量对成熟前2个月内的气象条件较为敏感,基于气象资料和作物模型开展产量预测,在5%误差范围内可获得60%以上的预测概率;以多年气候平均值替代起报日后期气象资料,在成熟前2个月起报预测概率约为60%,成熟前1个月约为70%,但预报误差系统性偏高;采用气候相似类比方法,从历史气象资料中获取起报日后期替代资料,可有效降低预报误差的系统偏差,若引入后期气候趋势信息,成熟前2个月起报预测概率可达80%以上,较采用历史平均值有显著提高。研究结果为基于作物模型和气象观测及气候预测信息开展产量预报提供了技术方案。 相似文献
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针对航空气象保障中常用的几种天气雷达图像的特性，采用双正交小波变换方法，应用嵌入式零树编码和自适应算术编码，提出了一套合理的图像压缩编码软件方案。试验表明，该方案是解决天气雷达回波图像存储和远程传输的一种有效途径，并在气象业务工作中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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本文给出了一种求解非线性平衡方程的新的有效的方法及有关的数值试验结果。和以往的求解方法相比，本方法的优点是:收敛速度快，不需要冗长的迭代计算，也不需要对初始高度场的某些记录作修改，并能节省大量的计算时间。文中利用北半球七层原始方程谱模式，使用了1982年的客观分析资料，进行中期数值天气预报试验。试验结果表明，用非线性平衡方程初值化方法制作中期数值预报比其他的如线性平衡方程初值化方程的更佳。后者因去掉了非线性项的作用，天气系统的强度预报结果偏弱且偏平滑。 相似文献
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Parallel Computing of a Variational Data Assimilation Model for GPS／MET Observation Using the Ray-Tracing Method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Spectral Statistical Interpolation (SSI) analysis system of NCEP is used to assimilate me-teorological data from the Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS/MET) refraction angles with thevariational technique. Verified by radiosonde, including GPS/ME% observations into the analysis makesan overall improvement to the analysis variables of temperature, winds, and water vapor. However, thevariational model with the ray-tracing method is quite expensive for numerical weather prediction andclimate research. For example, about 4 000 GPS/MET refraction a;~gles need to be assimilated to producean ideal global analysis. Just one iteration of minimization will take more than 24 hours CPU time onthe NCEP‘s Cray C90 computer. Although efforts have been taken to reduce the computational cost, it isstill prohibitive for operational data assimilation. In this paper, a parallel version of the three-dimensional variational data assimilation model of GPS/MET occultation measurement suitable for massive parallelprocessors architectures is developed. The divide-and-conquer strategy is used to achieve parallelism and isimplemented by message passing. The authors present the principles for the code‘s design and examine theperformance on the state-of-the-art parallel computers in China. The results show that this parallel modelscales favorably as the number of processors is increased. With the Memory-IO technique implemented bythe author, the wall clock time per iteration used for assimilating 1420 refraction angles is reduced from45 s to 12 s using 1420 processors. This suggests that the new parallelized code has the potential to beuseful in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate studies. 相似文献
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To support short-range weather forecast, a high-resolution model (1km) is developed and technicallyupgraded in the South China Regional Center, including the improvement of the 3D reference scheme and predictor-corrector method for Semi-Implicit and Semi-Lagrangian (SISL) in model dynamical core, as well as the improvementof physical parameterization. Furthermore, the multi-process parallel I/O and parallel nudging techniques are developedand have facilitated rapid updating in the assimilation prediction system and fast-output post processing process. Theexperimental results show that the improved 3D reference scheme and upgraded physic schemes can effectively improvethe prediction accuracy and stability with a longer integration time step. The batch test shows that the precipitationforecast performance of 1-km model is significantly better than that of 3-km model. The 1-km model is in operation withrapidly updating cycle at 12-minute intervals, which can be applied to short-range forecast and nowcasting application. 相似文献
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该文将时空数据模型的概念引入台风海洋网络气象信息系统,旨在构建一个多源、异构气象服务产品与数据按照统一的时空数据模型进行组织、集成和融合,并在互联网上实时展现的信息系统平台。介绍了该系统的设计思路和技术框架,同时分析了该系统中引入时空数据模型的技术难点和关键技术,重点展示了系统构建成型后能实现的主要功能,包括台风路径信息与卫星云图、天气形势场等多种气象信息的叠加显示;多功能历史台风路径信息查询;台风实况路径信息与城市风雨监测实况、卫星云图、雷达图的同步动画显示;气象灾害预警信息、气象资讯、城市天气实况及预报等内容的集成发布等。该研究成果已在中国天气台风网（typhoon.weather.com.cn）得到实际应用。 相似文献
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The presence of internal variability (IV) in ensembles of nested regional climate model (RCM) simulations is now widely acknowledged in the community working on dynamical downscaling. IV is defined as the inter-member spread between members in an ensemble of simulations performed by a given RCM driven by identical lateral boundary conditions (LBC), where different members are being initialised at different times. The physical mechanisms responsible for the time variations and structure of such IV have only recently begun to receive attention. Recent studies have shown empirical evidence of a close parallel between the energy conversions associated with the time fluctuations of IV in ensemble simulations of RCM and the energy conversions taking place in weather systems. Inspired by the classical work on global energetics of weather systems, we sought a formulation of an energy cycle for IV that would be applicable for limited-area domain. We develop here a novel formalism based on local energetics that can be applied to further our understanding IV. Prognostic equations for ensemble-mean kinetic energy and available enthalpy are decomposed into contributions due to ensemble-mean variables (EM) and those due to deviations from the ensemble mean (IV). Together these equations constitute an energy cycle for IV in ensemble simulations of RCM. Although the energy cycle for IV was developed in a context entirely different from that of energetics of weather systems, the exchange terms between the various reservoirs have a rather similar mathematical form, which facilitates some interpretations of their physical meaning. 相似文献
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北京地区中尺度非静力数值预报系统的开发与实时预报应用 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
国家气象中心与北京市气象局联合开发并将于1999年底建成“北京地区中尺度数值天气预报业务系统”。作为开发的第一阶段,以PSU/NCAR的MM5非静力中尺度模式为基础,在国家气象中心IBM/SP2机并行运算环境下与国家气象中心资料源连接并应用北京地区加密地面观测资料,初步建成了“北京地区中尺度数值天气预报试验系统”（以下简称BJ-MM5V.1）。模式设计为垂直23层,水平分辨率分别为45和15km的两重双向嵌套网格。在IBM/SP2计算机上用24个节点作36 h预报所需机时为2 h 20 min,满足实时业务预报需要。该系统于1997年夏季进行了实时运行试验,可提供北京地区每小时降水量预报每3 h多种气象要素预报,预报产品在北京市气象局试用。结果表明,系统有较强的稳定性和实用性,对降水时空分布的预报效果较好。 相似文献
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Wei Mozheng 《大气科学进展》1997,14(3):355-368
We develop the finite-mode model for a two-dimensional Euler system on the sphere based on Hopped’s discovery in group theory. This model strives to keep as many invariants of the original Euler equation as possible. Theoretically, the number of invariants in this model is limited only by computing power. At present, almost all the popular numerical models in weather and climate researches such as numerical weather prediction models and general circulation models (GCMs) use spectral method. However all these spectrally truncated models do not keep all the invariants except for the energy and the enstrophy. By using this model one is able to study the influence from some other lost invariants. The result from this model is expected to be closer to that of the original Euler equations than from ordinary spectrally truncated models. The relevant fundamental equations and important formulas for this model are given explicitly. 相似文献
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This study advances theory articulating the micro-level processes behind public organization adaptation to extreme weather. It tackles a persistent puzzle about the limited adaptation to extreme weather among public organizations: why does adaptation remain deficit after public organizations have experienced repeated extreme weather and some catastrophic consequences? We develop a computational agent-based model that integrates extant theory and data from semi-structured interviews of U.S. public transit agency managers, and use the model to investigate how micro-level cognition and behavior interact with environmental constraints to facilitate or impede the diffusion of adaptation. We articulate in greater detail how experience with influential extreme weather events matters to adaptation, highlighting that such experience is insufficient for adaptation to occur. A key insight is that the potential benefits from both increased risk perception and additional financial resources stemming from disaster- or non-disaster-induced opportunities can be underutilized, absent effective coupling between heightened risk perception and availability of resources that creates windows for adaptation. Using this insight, we further identify managerial and policy interventions with maximum leverage to promote adaptation to extreme weather in public organizations. The experiments show that slowing risk perception decay and synchronizing opportunities with extreme weather occurrences can stimulate adaptation. 相似文献