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1.
本文提出了一种基于知识规则的土地利用/土地覆被分类的新方法。知识规则是基于专家经验建立起来的,反映研究区内不同分类系统下各类别的地理分布特性与地理分布交叉可能性。基于黑河流域90 m 分辨率DEM、2009 年逐月1 km 分辨率NDVI,参考美国地质调查局(USGS) 1 km分辨率土地利用/土地覆被数据在欧亚大陆上各类别的聚类中心,应用在上、中、下游分别建立的知识规则,以知识规则结合最近距离的USGS 类别聚类的方法,制作了一套与USGS全球土地覆被分类标准一致的、可以用于大气模式以及陆面过程模式的黑河流域土地覆被类型分布数据。本方法分类结果与以往研究采用的类别映射方法的分类结果及实际地物影像进行对比,表明知识规则下的分类结果更能准确表达流域地表覆盖特征,对冰雪、冻土类别和沙地荒漠类别的表现更优。  相似文献   

2.
土地利用/覆被分类系统是碳蓄积研究的依据,然而各种碳蓄积研究所采用的土地利用/覆被分类系统不尽相同。根据1993年海南林业资源二类调查资料,我们按照USGS土地利用/覆被、LCCS土地覆被和中国科学院土地资源三种分类系统所定义的类别进行分类并计算了各自的碳储量和碳密度,为碳储量的进一步精确估算和土地覆被分类系统研制提供重要的科学依据。结果发现,(1)不同的土地利用/覆被分类系统所对应的总碳储量以及平均碳密度都有了明显的差别。林业调查资料的植被分类、FAO 土地覆被分类系统(LCCS)、USGS 土地利用/土地覆被分类系统以及我国学者常用的中国科学院土地资源分类系统的碳蓄积量(Tg C)分别是28.98、28.71、21.04和21.04;碳密度(t C/ha)分别是31.24、30.95、22.68和22.68。(2)土地利用分类系统和土地覆被分类系统之间的结果具有较大差异,其碳储量相差7.67~7.94 Tg C,碳密度则相差8.27~8.56 t C/ha;差距在26.47%~37.74%之间。与其他学者研究结果比较发现,土地利用/覆被分类系统造成的碳蓄积差异的变化方向是不定的,取决于具体的分类系统和材积-生物量函数。不同土地利用/覆被分类系统对于植被划分的不同,导致了材积-生物量回归方程和类别面积的差异是造成碳蓄积和碳密度估算差异的根本原因。目前常用的土地利用/覆被分类系统在估算碳蓄积中存在一定问题,不适合于高精度的碳蓄积计算。体现地表植被生物量差异、植被叶型和外貌特征、种类及树龄差异等内涵的土地利用/覆被分类系统利于陆地碳循环研究的深化。  相似文献   

3.
无定河流域水量平衡变化的模拟   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
利用黄土高原无定河流域1982~1991年的水文气象、土地利用、土壤质地、数字高程和NOAA-AVHRR遥感信息,建立基于土壤-植被-大气传输机理的分布式生态水文模型,模拟流域水量平衡的时空分布。研究结果发现,该流域的年平均植被指数(NDVI) 的年际变化不明显,但NDVI最大值的年际变化显著。该流域年累计NDVI与降水年总量关系不明显,说明该流域植被的生长并不完全受控于降水总量。模拟的实际蒸散量用无定河及其岔巴沟子流域实测降水与实测径流的差值进行验证,误差小于5%。整个流域模拟时段的平均降水量为372±53 mm yr-1,实际蒸散量为334±33 mm yr-1,其中蒸腾为130±21 mm yr-1,有明显的年际波动。地表径流的年际变化相对较小。蒸散发的季节变化特征与降雨基本一致,即7、8、9月雨季高,其他月份低。降水量和实际蒸散量呈现显著的空间分异性,表现出由东南(高NDVI) 向西北(低NDVI) 递减的梯度差异。地表径流的空间分异亦沿东南-西北梯度变化,但高值分散在中部。以岔巴沟子流域1991年的地表覆被度为基准,发现在全流域都覆盖上某一种植被的情况下,蒸腾和土壤蒸发的变化非常明显,地表径流和实际总蒸散的变化并不显著。只有在全流域都变成荒漠情景下,实际总蒸散才显示出较明显变化(17%),表明在西北干旱半干旱区,土地利  相似文献   

4.
气候变化对土地覆被变化的影响及其反馈模型   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33  
气候变化对土地覆被变化影响及其反馈模型研究主要内容包括:中国土地覆被季相变化的时空差异性;中国土地覆被特征参数NDVI年际变化与气候变化的关系;中国气候一植被判别模型;气候一土地覆被变化的神经网络建模及土地覆被的气候预测;土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)对气候影响的反馈机制和LUCC对中国土壤碳库的可能影响;土地覆被变化对气候影响的反馈数值实验.  相似文献   

5.
地表覆被作为自然过程和人类活动共同作用的重要地表景观特征,对全球或局地气候、水热循环、物质传输及陆面生态系统多样性等影响深远。利用年内时序遥感影像自动提取不同地表覆被类型的方法,以新疆阜康地区为研究目标,组织2016年植被全生长季的Landsat 8 OLI地表反射时序影像,研究不同物候期植被冠层的纹理响应信息,考察研究区典型地表覆被类型在3—11月多波段波谱、归一化植被指数(NDVI)及增强型植被指数(EVI)的时序特征,构建提取地表覆被类型的策略规则,形成时序特征匹配方法,将其应用于2018年研究区地表覆被填图的提取。最后,基于高分辨率卫星影像和野外实地调查对随机选取的2500个样点进行对比验证。结果表明:提取结果和验证数据一致性较好,总体精度为97.2%,Kappa系数为0.9655,且实地考查结果显示本方法在复播作物识别和有效降低单一时相中“异物同谱”现象上展示潜在优势。  相似文献   

6.
近30a台特玛湖地区土地利用/土地覆被变化及其影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《干旱区地理》2021,44(4):1022-1031
土地利用/土地覆被变化对干旱区生态环境变化有明确的指示意义。基于台特玛湖地区1988—2017年Landsat遥感数据、土地利用数据和气象站观测数据,运用均值法、线性趋势分析法、Pearson相关性分析法、主成分分析法等,分析了近30 a来台特玛湖地区土地利用/土地覆被类型、植被NDVI(Normalized difference vegetation index)变化及其影响因素。结果表明:土地利用/土地覆被以草地为主,草地和耕地面积均呈下降趋势,林地呈上升趋势;植被NDVI总体呈上升趋势,但上升趋势较缓;植被NDVI整体偏低,仅在台特玛湖湖区周围水分条件比较好的地区稍高;植被NDVI与气温和降水具有一定相关性;生态输水对该地区的植被状况改善起到了促进作用。  相似文献   

7.
洞庭湖流域植被动态变化的小波多分辨率分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
龙岳红  秦建新  贺新光  杨准 《地理学报》2015,70(9):1491-1502
将离散小波多分辨率分析(MRA)应用于归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列研究,分解NDVI原数据序列成不同时间尺度的子序列,从而进行植被动态变化分析。针对洞庭湖流域的NDVI时间序列进行多尺度分解,挖掘这些数据中潜在的植被季节性和年际变化,对其进行评估,并结合土地覆盖变化与降水趋势变化分析引起该变化的可能原因。结果表明:小波多分辨率分析能提取洞庭湖流域植被动态的相关信息,如NDVI的年际成分均值、最低值、植被年内变化的振幅、NDVI最大值出现的月份和土地覆盖变化的趋势及幅度,这些信息有效刻画了流域植被动态变化特征。此外,将土地覆盖变化分析结果与降水数据相结合进行分析,发现流域植被覆盖的变化与降水变化有明显的关联性,其中西部地区和西北部地区植被动态变化对降水响应最为明显。但是有些地区降水没有明显减少趋势,而植被覆盖却存在减少趋势,则可能与该地地势较高、城镇化建设等其他因素相关。  相似文献   

8.
基于ASTER遥感影像,使用IDL语言编写归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)和土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)的计算公式,对遥感影像进行处理,分别对两种方法处理后的遥感影像采用K-Means分类,经过分类后处理,提取植被信息.NDVI整体上较好地反映了不同土地覆被信息;而SAVI对于各种地类的值域较宽,反映绿色植被内部差异信息较明显,可为不同植被类型的信息提取提供方法参考.  相似文献   

9.
松嫩平原是我国内陆盐渍土三大分布区之一,土壤盐渍化是该区最主要的环境问题。以多时相中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列影像为主要数据源,通过Savizky-Golay滤波重构NDVI时序数据,依据研究区7种主要土地覆被类型的时间序列曲线差异性,应用分类回归树(Classification And Regression Tree,CART)方法确定像素归属类别,得到松嫩平原2013年盐渍土的分布数据;并基于不同盐渍化程度土壤的植被物候特征差异性建立CART决策树区分不同程度盐渍土。分类结果为:盐渍地掩膜提取精度达98.13%,Kappa系数为0.83;不同程度盐渍土识别的精度达到86.08%,Kappa系数为0.78。该研究表明多时相MODIS数据在大尺度盐渍土信息识别中具有可行性。  相似文献   

10.
为探明近10多年来淮河流域的植被覆盖状况动态变化及其空间格局,本研究基于SPOT-VGT的NDVI数据和淮河流域土地利用/覆被数据,利用ArcGIS空间分析工具,设计植被动态空间计算模型,分析了1999-2007年淮河流域植被变化的时空格局,包括年内各月变化规律、年际变化趋势、不同景观类型的植被指数特征及其变化趋势等.结果表明:①SPOT-VGT数据结合GIS空间分析和建模工具,可以较好的计算和分析流域尺度的植被状况时空格局;②淮河流域绝大部分地区(71.33%)在1999-2007年NDVI有显著增加趋势,表明流域整体植被覆盖明显改善;③淮河流域NDVI年内变化曲线呈双峰型,4月份和8月份分别出现波峰,8月波峰高于4月;④淮河流域植被覆盖状况空间差异显著,NDVI多年平均值的空间格局为:平原地区较高,淮河干流北岸高于南岸;山丘区差异较大,大别山区植被指数最高,沂蒙山区植被指数最低,水土流失风险较高;大中城市及其周边地区,植被指数低;⑤不同景观类型的NDVI多年变化趋势存在一定的差异:耕地、林地、草地、盐碱地的平均值增长趋势显著且较为平稳.滩地在波动中有小幅度增长;沼泽地波动幅度最大.本研究可为淮河流域森林保育、水土流失防治等措施的制定提供科学依据.  相似文献   

11.
In Northeast Thailand, the climate change has resulted in erratic rainfall and tem- perature patterns. The region has experienced both periods of drought and seasonal floods with the increasing severity. This study investigated the seasonal variation of vegetation greenness based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in major land cover types in the region. An assessment of the relationship between climate patterns and vegeta- tion conditions observed from NDVI was made. NDVI data were collected from year 2001 to 2009 using multi-temporal Terra MODIS Vegetation Indices Product (MOD13Q1). NDVI pro- files were developed to measure vegetation dynamics and variation according to land cover types. Meteorological information, i.e. rainfall and temperature, for a 30 year time span from 1980 to 2009 was analyzed for their patterns. Furthermore, the data taken from the period of 2001-2009, were digitally encoded into GIS database and the spatial patterns of monthly rainfall and temperature maps were generated based on kriging technique. The results showed a decreasing trend in NDVI values for both deciduous and evergreen forests. The highest productivity and biomass were observed in dry evergreen forests and the lowest in paddy fields. Temperature was found to be increasing slightly from 1980 to 2009 while no significant trends in rainfall amounts were observed. In dry evergreen forest, NDVI was not correlated with rainfall but was significant negatively correlated with temperature. These re- sults indicated that the overall productivity in dry evergreen forest was affected by increasing temperatures. A vegetation greenness model was developed from correlations between NDVI and meteorological data using linear regression. The model could be used to observe the change in vegetation greenness and dynamics affected by temperature and rainfall.  相似文献   

12.
There is a need for improved and up-to-date land use/land cover (LULC) data sets over an intensively changing area in the Amur River Basin (ARB) in support of science and policy applications focused on understanding of the role and response of the LULC to environmental change issues. The main goal of this study was to map LULC in the ARB using MODIS 250-m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Vegetation Index (LSWI), and reflectance time series data for 2001 and 2007. Another goal was to test the consistency of the classification results using relatively coarse resolution MODIS imagery data in order to develop a methodology for rapid production of an up-to-date LULC data set. The results on MODIS land cover were evaluated using existing land use/cover data as derived from Landsat TM data. It was found that the MODIS 250-m NDVI data sets featured sufficient spatial, spectral and temporal resolution to detect unique multi-temporal signatures for the region’s major land cover types. It turned out that MODIS 250 NDVI time series data have high potential for large-basin land use/land cover monitoring and information updating for purposes of environmental basin research and management.  相似文献   

13.
基于多期数据集的中亚五国土地利用/覆盖变化分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对目前中亚地区土地利用变化和分布格局方面的信息相对匮乏,现有资料较为陈旧且零散,无法满足中亚生态与环境变化研究需求的现状,利用全球的UMD, DISCover,GLC2000,GlobCover2005和GlobCover2009的5期土地覆被遥感数据集,提取中亚地区长时间序列土地覆被信息。并针对上述4个土地覆被分类系统无法进行直接对比和变化分析的问题,分别将其综合为4类土地覆被类型:耕地、自然植被、水体和其他,以分析近30 a中亚土地利用/土地覆被变化趋势。中亚土地利用类型多样,草地、裸地、农田、灌丛占绝对优势。自前苏联解体以后,20世纪90年代初至2000年期间,耕地面积大幅度减少,至2010年尽管有所恢复,但仍无法达到20世纪90年代初水平。而自然植被表现出了相反的趋势,这说明在此时间段内,由于社会政治制度的变化和市场经济的建立,耕地发生了较大规模的弃耕,弃耕地通常转换为草地、灌丛等自然植被。近10 a由于社会经济条件的变化,前苏联解体后所弃耕的土地又被收复和重新开发为耕地。90年代初至2000年期间,水体呈现先减少后增加的趋势。利用全球基于多期不同信息源获得的中亚土地覆被数据,尽管分类体系不统一,但均可较好地表征当时地表覆被状况。这在一定程度上弥补了中亚地区土地覆被数据不足的现状。通过对耕地、自然植被、水体及其他土地覆被类型进行大类合并,可基本体现中亚土地覆被的宏观特征和变化趋势。  相似文献   

14.
The Koshi River Basin is in the middle of the Himalayas, a tributary of the Ganges River and a very important cross-border watershed. Across the basin there are large changes in altitude, habitat complexity, ecosystem integrity, land cover diversity and regional difference and this area is sensitive to global climate change. Based on Landsat TM images, vegetation mapping, field investigations and 3S technology, we compiled high-precision land cover data for the Koshi River Basin and analyzed current land cover characteristics. We found that from source to downstream, land cover in the Koshi River Basin in 2010 was composed of water body (glacier), bare land, sparse vegetation, grassland, wetland, shrubland, forest, cropland, water body (river or lake) and built-up areas. Among them, grassland, forest, bare land and cropland are the main types, accounting for 25.83%, 21.19%, 19.31% and 15.09% of the basin’s area respectively. The composition and structure of the Koshi River Basin land cover types are different between southern and northern slopes. The north slope is dominated by grassland, bare land and glacier; forest, bare land and glacier are mainly found on northern slopes. Northern slopes contain nearly seven times more grassland than southern slopes; while 97.13% of forest is located on southern slopes. Grassland area on northern slope is 6.67 times than on southern slope. The vertical distribution of major land cover types has obvious zonal characteristics. Land cover types from low to high altitudes are cropland, forest, Shrubland and mixed cropland, grassland, sparse vegetation, bare land and water bodies. These results provide a scientific basis for the study of land use and cover change in a critical region and will inform ecosystem protection, sustainability and management in this and other alpine transboundary basins.  相似文献   

15.
青藏高原中东部植被覆盖对水热条件的响应研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
植被覆盖的变化常是自然因子和人类活动的综合作用,分析植被对水热条件的响应关系有助于认识人类活动在地表植被变化中的作用程度。本文旨在结合1982~2000年地面气象观测资料和NOAA卫星的AVHRR 植被指数(8km),对气象站点分布相对密集的青藏高原中东部的NDVI(归一化植被指数)空间变化同水热条件的响应关系进行分析。通过水热有关指标的趋势面模拟、植被类型比较和样带分析,表明:在青藏高原中东部地区,水热条件组合较好(如常绿针叶林)或较差(如荒漠半荒漠)的区域,多年平均的NDVI旬值同水热条件的相关性不强;而范围广阔的水热条件组合中等区域(如高山草甸/草原)同水热条件相关性很高;青藏高原周边区域植被对水热条件相对不敏感,而高原主体部分植被覆盖同水热的相关性则很高(0.75以上);此外,海拔对热量条件影响很大,进而影响植被覆盖。  相似文献   

16.
Land cover type is a crucial parameter that is required for various land surface models that simulate water and carbon cycles, ecosystem dynamics, and climate change. Many land use/land cover maps used in recent years have been derived from field investigations and remote-sensing observations. However, no land cover map that is derived from a single source (such as satellite observation) properly meets the needs of land surface simulation in China. This article presents a decision-fuse method to produce a higher-accuracy land cover map by combining multi-source local data based on the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory. A practical evidence generation scheme was used to integrate multi-source land cover classification information. The basic probability values of the input data were obtained from literature reviews and expert knowledge. A Multi-source Integrated Chinese Land Cover (MICLCover) map was generated by combining multi-source land cover/land use classification maps including a 1:1,000,000 vegetation map, a 1:100,000 land use map for the year 2000, a 1:1,000,000 swamp-wetland map, a glacier map, and a Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land cover map for China in 2001 (MODIS2001). The merit of this new map is that it uses a common classification system (the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) land cover classification system), and it has a unified 1 km resolution. The accuracy of the new map was validated by a hybrid procedure. The validation results show great improvement in accuracy for the MICLCover map. The local-scale visual comparison validations for three regions show that the MICLCover map provides more spatial details on land cover at the local scale compared with other popular land cover products. The improvement in accuracy is true for all classes but particularly for cropland, urban, glacier, wetland, and water body classes. Validation by comparison with the China Forestry Scientific Data Center (CFSDC)–Forest Inventory Data (FID) data shows that overall forest accuracies in five provinces increased to between 42.19% and 88.65% for our MICLCover map, while those of the MODIS2001 map increased between 27.77% and 77.89%. The validation all over China shows that the overall accuracy of the MICLCover map is 71%, which is higher than the accuracies of other land cover maps. This map therefore can be used as an important input for land surface models of China. It has the potential to improve the modeling accuracy of land surface processes as well as to support other aspects of scientific land surface investigations in China.  相似文献   

17.
基于MODIS数据的北京西北部地区土地覆盖分类研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
本文主要基于MODIS 16天合成的NDVI时间序列数据、8天合成 LST数据、1∶5万DEM数据以及其他辅助数据相结合,进行北京西北部地区土地覆盖分类的研究。首先选取适合于MODIS数据分类的土地覆盖分类系统,然后用PCA方法对NDVI时间序列数据进行信息增强与压缩处理,以排除各种干扰因素,提高分类精度。最后结合LST数据、DEM数据及降雨温度数据,利用?齂-均值非监督分类法,进行研究区的土地覆盖分类,经过分类后处理,得到北京西北部地区的土地覆盖分类图。分类结果表明,使用250m分辨率MODIS数据,结合本文所用方法,能够实现较大区域的土地覆盖分类,并且能达到较高的分类精度。  相似文献   

18.
Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI monthly data from 1981 to 2001, the spatial distribution and dynamic change of land cover along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway were studied. The results of the analytical data indicate that the NDVI values in July, August and September are rather high during a year, and a linear trend by calculating NDVI of each pixel computed based on the average values of NDVI in July, August and September were obtained. The results are as follows: 1) Land cover of the study area by NDVI displays high at two sides of the area and low in the center, and agriculture area > alpine meadow > alpine grassland > desert grassland. 2) In the study area, the amount of pixels with high increase, slight increase, no change, slight decrease and high decrease account for 0.29%, 14.86%, 67.61%, 16.7% and 0.57% of the whole area, respectively. The increase of land cover pixels is mainly in the agriculture and alpine meadow and the decrease pixels mainly in the alpine grassland, desert grassland and hungriness. Grassland and hungriness contribute to the decrease mostly and artificial land and meadow contribute to the increase mostly. 3) In the area where human beings live, the changing trend is obvious, such as the valleys of Lhasa River and Huangshui River and area along the Yellow River; in the high altitude area with fewer people living, the changing trend is relatively low, like the area of Hoh Xil. 4) Human being’s behaviors are a key factor followed by the climate changes affecting land cover.  相似文献   

19.
老挝VIIRS活跃火的主要自然地理要素特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用美国国家航空航天局火灾信息资源管理系统(FIRMS)VIIRS V1活跃火、先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪全球数字高程模型(ASTER GDEM)、MODIS NDVI/LSWI与土地覆被数据产品(FROM-GLC),基于GIS定量分析老挝2012—2017年从分省到国家不同空间尺度活跃火频次的动态变化,并重点分析2015厄尔尼诺年活跃火频次及其与海拔、坡度、植被-水分(NDVI *、LSWI)指数、土地覆被等主要自然地理要素的相关特征。结果表明:① 老挝活跃火频次呈先增后减的趋势,峰值在2015厄尔尼诺年,主要集中在上、中寮,其中琅勃拉邦、沙耶武里与沙湾拿吉三省居前三位,而万象市、塞公和赛宋本则居后三位。② 老挝2012—2017年活跃火发生频次与地形因素(海拔、坡度)的关系基本相同,活跃火集中在海拔1000 m以下、坡度小于30°的低山-丘陵区。其中,上寮活跃火集中分布在500~1000 m、10~30°的斜陡坡山地,中、下寮集中在500 m以下、2~20°的缓斜坡丘陵。③ 活跃火高度集中在旱季,以3月、4月最多,并集中分布在NDVI为0.4~0.8和LSWI为0.2~0.6的中高覆盖度植被区。④ 老挝活跃火主要发生在森林这一土地覆被类型中,且以上寮最为集中,而中寮多以农田、草地和灌丛活跃火为主。综上,基于自然地理要素的活跃火特征分析可以有效识别其发生类型,即老挝活跃火主要由刀耕火种农业所引起。  相似文献   

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