共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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为研究轻非水相液体污染土壤的介电性质,在实验室条件下,利用石英砂( 粒径0. 106 ～ 0. 212 mm) 、柴油和水的混合物模拟LNAPL 污染土壤,采用开口同轴探头法利用高频电磁波( 200 MHz ～ 3 GHz) 在污染土壤中的反射获得介电常数,并分析土壤中油水体积含量变化与相对介电常数的变化规律。实验结果表明: 非饱和状态下石英砂的相对介电常数随着体积含水量和含油量的增大而增大,达到饱和状态后体积含油量的增加对相对介电常的影响不明显; 被污染的非饱和状态的砂样在放置过程中,相对介电常数随着放置时间的延长呈现先增大最后趋于稳定的变化趋势。 相似文献
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轻非水相流体(LNAPL)泄漏后会对土壤和地下水造成严重污染,为了准确探测出LNAPL泄漏范围,本文将GPR天线-目标极化的瞬时属性分析方法应用于轻非水相流体污染土壤探测的研究中。采用注入柴油的石英砂砂箱在实验室建立污染土壤模型,利用探地雷达对该污染土壤分别进行天线方位为0°、90°的测量。LNAPL土壤污染物形状、大小、结构并不规则,因此可以通过0°和90°方位天线测量来分析天线-目标极化特征,了解目标物的走向、形状等地下介质信息。通过对预处理后的包含天线-目标极化特征的信息进行瞬时属性分析,LNAPL污染范围可以被清晰地识别,提高了GPR探测能力。 相似文献
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针对非饱和带中油类污染物时空分布的研究,室内实验很难定量分析运移机理,野外检测成本高且破坏地层。数值模拟法作为一种应用广且成熟的方法,可以用来分析油类污染物在非饱和带中的运移规律。为了研究单井抽提及原位冲洗修复时,含单裂隙非饱和带中轻非水相流体（Light non-aqueous phase liquids,LNAPL）的时空变化规律,建立了数值模型,分析不同条件下LNAPL的修复效果及时空变化规律。模拟结果发现,LNAPL注入时优先流入裂隙,停止注入时优先流出裂隙。单井抽提修复模拟表明,抽提流量越大,修复效率越高。原位冲洗技术能有效补充地下水,防止产生新的环境问题;注水井起到“冲洗”及稀释污染物的作用,模拟最优方案修复面积达到96%,修复率达到75%,LNAPL饱和度控制在约0.05;对比分析发现,注水井布设在污染物范围的上边界时修复效果最好,能有效“冲洗”污染物并携带至抽提井中抽出地表。该研究为受轻油污染的土壤及地下水修复提供了科学的理论依据及有效的评估方法。 相似文献
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为研究轻非水相流体（LNAPL）泄露后在土壤中扩散情况,基于室内试验,使用TOUGH2软件进行数值模拟,分析探讨含裂隙层状非均质地层中LNAPL的运移及分布情况。并对LNAPL入渗过程及停止入渗并静置一定时间后,不同粒径砂层及裂隙中LNAPL的分布特征及残留含量进行对比研究。在LNAPL泄露入土壤后,优先进入土壤中的裂隙,形成快速通道,使LNAPL的扩散方式不局限于自上而下逐层渗入,同时也从裂隙中向两侧水平扩散,加快了LNAPL扩散入地层中的速度;停止入渗并静置一定时间后,包气带细砂中的LNAPL饱和度大于粗砂中的饱和度,而饱水带中两种砂土中的LNAPL饱和度相差较小。 相似文献
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被称为“工业血液”的轻非水相液体(LNAPL)及其衍生物在开采、生产、运输过程中所产生的污染已经成为常见的污染物,目前诸多学者对LNAPL污染进行了广泛研究,但对于LNAPL在土壤中的迁移及毛细作用研究尚不充分。本次试验的目的是通过室内模拟试验分析不同竖管直径条件下LNAPL在不同介质中的毛细上升规律,为研究LNAPL对地下水污染提供一定的理论依据。结果表明：影响毛细上升高度的因素大小依次为：溶液>介质>竖管直径;竖管直径与最大毛细上升高度并不是完全成比例关系,并且对毛细上升高度的影响相对较小;水与柴油在不同介质中毛细上升高度、毛细上升速率变化趋势基本一致,但是具体数值上存在差异,柴油的最大毛细上升高度与水相比降低了40%～50%,柴油的最大毛细上升速率与水相比降低30%～50%。这些特征都能够较好地体现LNAPL在不同介质中的毛细上升规律,在认识LNAPL对地下水的污染以及污染土地修复方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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轻非水相液体(LNAPL)在变隙宽裂隙中的迁移和残留机理复杂,在"裂隙-水-LNAPL"三相系统中,LNAPL和水流运动之间相互作用和影响,同时两者又共同受到裂隙表面和隙宽的影响和控制。采用27.4 cm×20.0 cm(长×宽)的透明仿真裂隙开展甲苯(地下水中常见的LNAPL污染物之一)迁移试验,监测并获取变隙宽裂隙中LNAPL的迁移过程与残留分布的图像,通过数学统计和数值模拟的方法,分别揭示LNAPL 残留分布规律以及"裂隙-水-LNAPL"系统内的相互影响机制。研究结果表明:自由相的LNAPL主要沿着裂隙中的狭长通道迁移到内部,在隙宽较小的区域有少量孤立的LNAPL液滴残留。LNAPL在变隙宽裂隙中的迁移、残留与裂隙隙宽的分布密切相关,LNAPL残留的隙宽符合正态分布规律。甲苯残留的隙宽分布范围为0.01~1.40 mm,残留最多的隙宽分布在0.20~0.30 mm。LNAPL的残留增大了裂隙内水流运动的阻力,使得裂隙两端的压力差增加。LNAPL残留使裂隙内水流流速重新分布,同时也改变了裂隙原有的沟槽流分布和数量。 相似文献
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非饱和带中非均质条件下LNAPL运移与分布特性实验研究 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
本文通过室内实验建立物理模型，研究非饱和带中层状非均质条件下轻非水相液体LNAPL（Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid）运移机制和分布特性。实验结果发现，介质的结构突变面改变了LNAPL的迁移模式。在LNAPL到达干湿界面以后，由于毛细水压力的作用，其入渗速度明显加快。当LNAPL迁移到夹层上界面时，纵向迁移受到阻碍。随着入渗过程的继续，污染物沿着界面产生向右横向迁移；在夹层上界面下部出现“优势流”现象，污染物由集中走向分散，随着分散块的体积不断增大，最终污染物又连接到一起，由分散走向集中；在夹层下界面附近锋面线集中在一起，说明污染物向下的纵向迁移基本停止。另外，介质的局部密实“透镜体”对LNAPL的局部迁移起到“阻滞”作用，并迫使其改变迁移路径。地下水位的变动将使污染物的产生重新分布。当地下水位降低以后，污染物产生明显的向下迁移。 相似文献
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Man-Il Kim Nam-Won Kim Il-Moon Chung Gyo-Cheol Jeong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(6):1153-1164
A dielectric measurement device called a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) has been designed and constructed for the dielectric
measurement of unsaturated soil consisting of a volumetric soil water content of about 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m3/m3 with different soil porosity around 0.40–0.45, respectively. The dielectric constant is measured in the frequency range 1 GHz.
Soil calibration tests and tracer injection tests on standard sand and river sand are carried out in the laboratory. FDR measurement
probes at different soil depths allow volumetric soil water content and dielectric constant measurements. The tracer concentration
in the pore water is monitored by determining the dielectric constant, from the soil impedance. From the relationship between
volumetric soil water content and dielectric constant, the specific calibration equations for the unsaturated soils were derived,
and one can easily estimate the volumetric soil water content from the response of the measured dielectric constant for the
soils. In the study of dielectric mixture models using α-value of 0.5 which is dielectric geometric factor, the effective porosity for the soils was computed to a range of 87–92%
compared with the soil porosity. 相似文献
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南宁膨胀土的体积含水率-等效介电常数关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体积含水率-介电常数关系是时域反射法（TDR）测量土体体积含水率的理论基础。通过对重塑的南宁膨胀土进行试验,选择经验公式法、边界法及理论模型法模拟其体积含水率-等效介电常数的变化规律。研究发现,南宁膨胀土的实测值落在Hashin-Shtrikman边界和Wiener边界以内,但Hashin-Shtrikman边界具有更小的范围;由于膨胀土的黏性较大,结合水存在显著的影响,Topp公式计算值偏高,但采用考虑三相组分含量的Looyenga公式可反映结合水的影响,从而得到更好的结果;理论模型法的Maxwell-Garnett模型和差分有效介质模型（DEM）需要考虑三相的构成,单独采用气相连续或水相连续的模拟结果均不理想,但如考虑土中水、气分布形态,采用饱和度作为权重函数对单相计算结果进行加权平均后可取得较好的效果。 相似文献
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Maksim Bano Olivier Loeffler Jean-François Girard 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):846-858
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive method which, over the past 10 years, has been successfully used not only to estimate the water content of soil, but also to detect and monitor the infiltration of pollutants on sites contaminated by light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL). We represented a model water table aquifer (72 cm depth) by injecting water into a sandbox that also contains several buried objects. The GPR measurements were carried out with shielded antennae of 900 and 1200 MHz, respectively, for common mid point (CMP) and constant offset (CO) profiles. We extended the work reported by Loeffler and Bano by injecting 100 L of diesel fuel (LNAPL) from the top of the sandbox. We used the same acquisition procedure and the same profile configuration as before fuel injection. The GPR data acquired on the polluted sand did not show any clear reflections from the plume pollution; nevertheless, travel times are very strongly affected by the presence of the fuel and the main changes are on the velocity anomalies. We can notice that the reflection from the bottom of the sandbox, which is recorded at a constant time when no fuel is present, is deformed by the pollution. The area close to the fuel injection point is characterized by a higher velocity than the area situated further away. The area farther away from the injection point shows a low velocity anomaly which indicates an increase in travel time. It seems that pore water has been replaced by fuel as a result of a lateral flow. We also use finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical GPR modelling in combination with dielectric property mixing models to estimate the volume and the physical characteristics of the contaminated sand. 相似文献
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The dielectric constant of soil is used to estimate its water content in a range of applications. Unlike the widely known effect of water content on the soil dielectric constant (consistent direct proportionality), only a limited number of studies have reported the effects of soil dry density, however, with equivocal results. This paper, therefore, investigates the effects of dry density or degree of compaction on the dielectric constant of five different soil types. The results of the experimental work for the soils ranging from sand to Bentonite clay with distinct specific surface areas were evaluated based on the use of two simple mixture models (De Loor and Birchak). The effects of dry density on the soil dielectric constant were found to be soil type dependent. This is demonstrated by the experimental data and further proven by the modified De Loor model. The behavior is shown to be defined by the changes in the free water, bound water, and solid particle volume fractions, ultimately controlled by the soil specific surface area. The dielectric constant changes from being directly proportional to dry density to inversely proportional at a threshold specific surface area of between 122 and 147 m2/g. Supported by the experimental observations, parametric analysis has revealed that the range for the dielectric constant of bound water was found to be 9–37, while the geometrical parameter α in the Birchak model was found to be 0.4–0.8.
相似文献15.
The behavior due to rainfall infiltrating the ground plays a role in landslides, groundwater recharge and various other ground
responses. Most of these geotechnical behaviors have a correlation between soil pore space and soil volumetric water content
in the unsaturated and saturated soil porous media. Therefore, the soil porosity associated with soil pores and the distribution
of volumetric water content are significantly important hydrological characteristics. In the case of shallow slope failure
such as landslide, the infiltration activity due to the connectivity of soil pore spaces in a porous media is induced. Slope
failure may be attributed to the effect of a wetting front with the slope due to liquid infiltration, which changes the volumetric
water content, soil matric suction and shear strength of the slope. This study was performed with an unsaturated injection
test using a frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) dielectric device which measures the dielectric constant of unsaturated
soil and the study then proposed the unsaturated dielectric mixing models to calculate soil porosity and effective porosity
of unsaturated soils. From the experimental results the ratio of effective porosity to porosity of soils are measured in a
range of 70–85%. These experimental results show a decrease of about 5–10% for unsaturated soil compared to the ratio of effective
porosity to porosity of saturated soil. The infiltration passages of tracer material are restricted within the pore connectivity
in the unsaturated soil which is caused by dead-pores in the soil. Using the FDR device and the unsaturated dielectric mixing
models, we can consider the acquisition of physical properties to detect the infiltration activity, the response of the dielectric
constant along with the injected tracer and hydrological parameters for the unsaturated soil porous media. 相似文献
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Shi Yan Wu Qi You Zhou Gang Wang Lei Yang Cheng Peng Ling 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):999-1011
Based on batch experiments conducted on soil samples in the laboratory, the relationship between dielectric constant and water
content based on electrical capacitance measurement was investigated. Factors that may affect the relationship, such as measurement
frequency, electrode array methods, and soil particle sizes, were analyzed. A model fitting the relationship between dielectric
constant and water content was proposed. The results clearly indicate that even with the use of rod-like sensors, the measured
electrical capacitance with 1 kHz frequency can be used to construct a good relationship between dielectric constant and water
content. Although the electrode array methods (parallel or non-parallel electrode pair) and soil particle sizes do affect
the obtained absolute values of dielectric constant to some extent, the relationship between dielectric constant and water
content remains unchanged. A clear characteristic is the increase reduction in the dielectric constant at near saturation
condition, and the low increase speed when water content is small. The proposed modified VG model incorporated this characteristic
into it and fitted the data better than the reported models. These results suggest that the electrical capacitance-based dielectric
constant measurement can be extensively used and would be useful, especially in the situations where parallel sensor requirement
is difficult to satisfy. 相似文献