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1.
Maryam Gharaylou Peyman Zawar-Reza Abbas-Ali A. Bidokhti Majid-M. Farahani 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2013,122(3-4):145-158
A one-dimensional Explicit Time-dependent Tilting cloud Model (ETTM) that separates updraft and downdraft columns and takes into account the effect of cloud tilting on precipitation is introduced and incorporated into the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). Results of the stand-alone ETTM are compared with that of cloud resolving simulations using the ARPS mesoscale model. Inter-comparison is performed by qualitative examination of simulated parameters such as vertical distribution of fluxes of mass, heat, and moisture. Although there is a great degree of similarity between the vertical profiles, ETTM systematically underestimates magnitudes of all fluxes. Sensitivity tests carried with ETTM show that the effect of varying cloud radius and tilting angle is considerable on the simulated cloud behavior. Increasing the cloud radius, results in a corresponding increase in fluxes of mass, heat, and moisture, while increasing the cloud tilt angle has the opposite effect. Since ETTM showed promise as a suitable sub-grid cumulus parameterization scheme; it was incorporated into ARPS as an additional cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) to be available for the wider community. Results of simulations using ETTM and other CPSs already available in ARPS were compared for 2, 4 and 10 km grid spacings to assess its utility. Simulation results of the 2 km grid showed that at this resolution, the simulated time series of updraft velocities using the new scheme (ETTM) compared well with the results of other schemes in the ARPS model. The simulations with horizontal resolution of 4 km that was compared with the convection resolving reference run (No-CPS-2KM) showed almost consistent results for all schemes except for one using KF scheme. The results of the simulation with the ETTM scheme and other schemes in the model with resolution of 10 km showed that at this resolution, there is not significant difference between the uses of these schemes. 相似文献
2.
大气动力学中"平流输送"是非常重要的宏观动力学过程,云凝结物的平流输送与降水云系的发展演变密切相关,它把宏观动力过程与各种云凝结物粒子的时空演变联系起来,云凝结物的平流输送可以增加或减少局地大气中云凝结物的含量,改变云凝结物的空间分布状况,影响云凝结物的微观物理过程,进而促进或抑制降水云系的发展演变.本文在数值模拟研究中.通过改变云凝结物平流输送的状况来研究宏观动力过程对云微观物理过程的影响,因而利用ARPS模式开展3个分别排除云凝结物水平平流输送、垂直平流输送和三维平流输送的敏感试验,进行关于云凝结物平流输送对降水云系发展演变影响的敏感性数值模拟研究.结果表明,云凝结物的平流输送对水汽比湿的影响很小.云凝结物的三维平流输送有利于增加降水云系中雪和霰的混合比含量,抑制云水、雨水和云冰混合比含量的增长.云凝结物的水平平流输送可以降低降水云系中云水和雨水的混合比含量,增加云冰和雪的混合比含量;云凝结物垂直平流输送的作用是增加降水云系中雨水、雪和霰的混合比含量,减少云与冰混合比含量.云凝结物三维平流输送效应的分析表明,云凝结物的三维平流输送主要通过调整云凝结物的微物理过程源汇项以及降水粒子(雨水、雪和霰)的下落末速项来改变降水云系中云凝结物的垂直结构;另外,雪的三维平流输送对雪本身的分布也有一定影响. 相似文献
3.
Summary A one-dimensional kinematic model is used to investigate the effects of silver iodide seeding in the region of a Cb cloud between isotherms of –8°C and –12°C. The agent interaction with cloud atmosphere is simulated by an improved microphysical model version which includes phoretic processes. The behaviour of the different agent types is investigated using the maximum values of agent mixing ratios and corresponding agent particle masses and radii.It is shown that the agent residence time in the seeding zone significantly depends on vertical velocity. The residence time is comparable to that previously reported. On the other side, the final graupel production decreases slightly when vertical velocity increases, while the corresponding graupel production is quite different for agents used. The main agent nucleation mechanisms are the Brownian coagulation of cloud droplets, inertial impact of cloud droplets and deposition nucleation.With 9 Figures 相似文献
4.
Kinematics, cloud microphysics and spatial structures of tropical cloud clusters: A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Kinematics, cloud microphysics and spatial structures of tropical cloud clusters are investigated using hourly outputs from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind and horizontal advections obtained from Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). A period of 1600–2300 LST 21 December 1992 is selected for this study when the zonal-mean westerly winds in the lower troposphere intensify while the zonal-mean easterly winds above weaken. Under the vertical-shear environment, there are a westward-propagating cloud cluster, a newly-formed cloud cluster, and four eastward-moving cloud clusters. Two weak eastward-moving cloud clusters merge into strong westward-moving cloud clusters. Merged clouds display notable growth in the eastern edge, indicating that merging processes enhance convection. The development of the new cloud at the western edge of the existing cloud cluster before merging may account for the westward propagation of cloud cluster group, while the advection of the maximum total hydrometeor mixing ratio by the westerly winds after merging may cause the eastward propagation of individual cloud clusters. 相似文献
5.
Summary Forced 1-D time-dependent numerical model of Cb cloud is used to analyse the sensitivity of the model products on dynamical parameters. The model considers the processes of horizontal entrainment, forced lifting through the cloud base as well as the six forms of water substance: water vapour, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow and hail. Atmospheric soundings for deep storm situation are used as initial and evironmental conditions.The maxima model values of vertical velocity, cloud water, rain water and ice mixing ratios, temperature excess, cloud top height and radar reflectivity are under the strong influence of the parameters of entrainment, amplitude of initial vertical velocity and forced vertical velocity. The most visible influence is that of forced vertical velocity on the ice content.The model values agree well with observations in one case for selected dynamical conditions.
With 7 Figures 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Ein 1-D-zeitabhängiges numerisches Modell einer Cumulonimbuswolke wird für eine Sensitivitätsanalyse der Modellergebnisse nach dynamischen Parametern herangezogen. Im Modell werden Prozesse des horizontalen Entrainments und der erzwungenen Hebung durch die Wolkenbasis sowie Wasser in sechs Erscheinungsformen beachtet: Wasserdampf, Wolkenwasser, Wolkeneis, Regen, Schnee und Hagel. Atmosphärische Sondierungen von heftigen Sturmsituationen werden als Anfangs- und Randbedingungen verwendet.Die maximalen Modellwerte der Vertikalgeschwindigkeit, des Wolken- und Regenwassers und des Eismischungsverhältnisses, des Temperaturüberschusses, der Höhe der Wolkenobergrenze und der Radarreflektivität werden stark von den Entrainmentparametern und der Amplitude der ursprünglichen wie der erzwungenen Vertikalgeschwindigkeit beeinflußt. Am sichtbarsten ist der Einfluß der erzwungenen Vertikalgeschwindigkeit auf den Eisgehalt.Die Modellwerte stimmen gut mit Beobachtungen für einen Fall mit ausgesuchten dynamischen Bedingungen überein.
With 7 Figures 相似文献
6.
7.
Summary The three-dimensional mesoscale cloud-resolving model ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) was used to investigate the
dispersal of an inert seeding agent within a cumulonimbus (Cb) cloud developing from two different initial states. In this
paper, we stress the influence vortices in the cloud have on seeding agent dispersion. If a strong directional ambient wind
shear is present in the lowest layer, a vortex pair formed at the flanks of the simulated cloud. Following the velocity field,
a considerable amount of the injected seeding agent would be thrown out to the rear of the cloud, where both updrafts associated
with vortices and downdrafts occurred. After a short time the agent was present only in the cloud periphery. If the Cb cloud
developed under conditions where directional ambient wind shear did not exist, seeding agent dispersion would be quite different.
In this case, almost all the seeding agent was transported into the main updraft, while the residence time of the agent within
the cloud was longer due to the weaker cloud dynamics. Therefore, we must pay attention to whether or not the cloud contains
vortices when we make the decision where to seed. This is necessary in order to minimize the loss of seeding material. 相似文献
8.
冰云是影响气候变化最为重要的因子之一,其生命周期的变化在很大程度上决定了冰云的气候辐射效应。冰云粒子下降末速度是影响冰云生命周期的关键参数。为了开展对冰云粒子下降末速度的研究,利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境监测站Ka波段毫米波云雷达2013年8月至2015年7月连续观测数据,反演了冰云粒子的下降末速度（Vt）,并根据雷达反射率因子（Z）与Vt的关系计算了拟合因子a、b的值;在此基础上应用聚类分析方法,对比分析了4种不同特性冰云Z、Vt和拟合因子a、b的时、空分布特征,进而尝试通过参数垂直分布特征识别研究云中不同位置上云微物理过程的变化。结果表明:冰云粒子下降末速度的分布与雷达反射率因子有很好的对应,最大频率都出现在距离地面约7 km高度处,且具有显著的季节变化,粒子下降末速度在暖季较冷季可增大25%,峰值出现在6月和9月;云层较厚且持续时间长的第一、三类冰云,其雷达反射率因子、粒子下降末速度及拟合因子a和b的平均值都显著大于云层较薄且持续时间短的第二、四类云。垂直方向上,Z、Vt和拟合因子b从云顶到云底随着高度的降低呈现先增大后减小的趋势,体现了云粒子在云顶区域成核和水汽凝华效应,随着粒子在下落过程中碰并增长,云滴粒子逐渐增大,水汽的凝华和粒子的聚合起主要作用,最后在云底部分,云粒子蒸发、升华减小消亡的过程。由此表明中纬度干旱半干旱地区冰云是从云顶到云底自上而下的形成过程。 相似文献
9.
K. D. Williams M. A. Ringer C. A. Senior M. J. Webb B. J. McAvaney N. Andronova S. Bony J. -L. Dufresne S. Emori R. Gudgel T. Knutson B. Li K. Lo I. Musat J. Wegner A. Slingo J. F. B. Mitchell 《Climate Dynamics》2006,26(2-3):145-165
Most of the uncertainty in the climate sensitivity of contemporary general circulation models (GCMs) is believed to be connected with differences in the simulated radiative feedback from clouds. Traditional methods of evaluating clouds in GCMs compare time–mean geographical cloud fields or aspects of present-day cloud variability, with observational data. In both cases a hypothetical assumption is made that the quantity evaluated is relevant for the mean climate change response. Nine GCMs (atmosphere models coupled to mixed-layer ocean models) from the CFMIP and CMIP model comparison projects are used in this study to demonstrate a common relationship between the mean cloud response to climate change and present-day variability. Although atmosphere–mixed-layer ocean models are used here, the results are found to be equally applicable to transient coupled model simulations. When changes in cloud radiative forcing (CRF) are composited by changes in vertical velocity and saturated lower tropospheric stability, a component of the local mean climate change response can be related to present-day variability in all of the GCMs. This suggests that the relationship is not model specific and might be relevant in the real world. In this case, evaluation within the proposed compositing framework is a direct evaluation of a component of the cloud response to climate change. None of the models studied are found to be clearly superior or deficient when evaluated, but a couple appear to perform well on several relevant metrics. Whilst some broad similarities can be identified between the 60°N–60°S mean change in CRF to increased CO2 and that predicted from present-day variability, the two cannot be quantitatively constrained based on changes in vertical velocity and stability alone. Hence other processes also contribute to the global mean cloud response to climate change. 相似文献
10.
Junghwa Lee Yign Noh Siegfried Raasch Theres Riechelmann Lian-Ping Wang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,124(1-2):1-21
A precipitating convective cloud is simulated successfully using the Lagrangian cloud model, in which the flow field is simulated by large eddy simulation and the droplets are treated as Lagrangian particles, and the results are analyzed to investigate precipitation initiation and to examine the parameterization of cloud microphysics. It is found that raindrops appear initially near the cloud top, in which strong turbulence and broadened droplet spectrum are induced by the entrainment of dry air, but high liquid–water mixing ratio is maintained within cloud parts because of insufficient mixing. Statistical analysis of the downward vertical velocity of a droplet W reveals that the transition from cloud droplets to raindrops occurs in the range 20 μm < r < 100 μm, while the variation of W depends on turbulence as well as the droplet radius r. The general pattern of the raindrop size distribution is found to be consistent with the Marshall–Palmer distribution. The precipitation flux can be underestimated substantially, if the terminal velocity $w_{\text{s}}$ is used instead of W, but it is not sensitive to the choice of the critical droplet radius dividing cloud drops and raindrops. It is also found that precipitation starts earlier and becomes stronger if the effect of turbulence is included in the collection kernel. 相似文献
11.
Short-range prediction of a heavy precipitation event by assimilating Chinese CINRAD-SA radar reflectivity data using complex cloud analysis 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary With the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) Data Analysis System (ADAS) and its complex cloud analysis scheme, the
reflectivity data from a Chinese CINRAD-SA Doppler radar are used to analyze 3D cloud and hydrometeor fields and in-cloud
temperature and moisture. Forecast experiments starting from such initial conditions are performed for a northern China heavy
rainfall event to examine the impact of the reflectivity data and other conventional observations on short-range precipitation
forecast.
The full 3D cloud analysis mitigates the commonly known spin-up problem with precipitation forecast, resulting a significant
improvement in precipitation forecast in the first 4 to 5 hours. In such a case, the position, timing and amount of precipitation
are all accurately predicted. When the cloud analysis is used without in-cloud temperature adjustment, only the forecast of
light precipitation within the first hour is improved.
Additional analysis of surface and upper-air observations on the native ARPS grid, using the 1 degree real-time NCEP AVN analysis
as the background, helps improve the location and intensity of rainfall forecasting slightly. Hourly accumulated rainfall
estimated from radar reflectivity data is found to be less accurate than the model predicted precipitation when full cloud
analysis is used. 相似文献
12.
By using the Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model (AREM),the basic structure and cloud features of Typhoon Rananim are simulated and verified against observations.Five sets of experiments are designed to investigate the effects of the cloud microphysical processes on the model cloud structure and precipitation features.The importance of the ice-phase microphysics,the cooling effect related to microphysical characteristics change,and the influence of terminal velocity of graupel are examined.The results indicate that the cloud microphysical processes impact more on the cloud development and precipitation features of the typhoon than on its intensity and track.Big differences in the distribution pattern and content of hydrometeors,and types and amount of rainfall occur in the five experiments,resulting in different heating and cooling effects.The largest difference of 24-h rain rate reaches 52.5 mm h-1.The results are summarized as follows:1) when the cooling effect due to the evaporation of rain water is excluded,updrafts in the typhoon's inner core are the strongest with the maximum vertical velocity of-19 Pa s-1 and rain water and graupel grow most dominantly with their mixing ratios increased by 1.8 and 2.5 g kg-1,respectively,compared with the control experiment; 2) the melting of snow and graupel affects the growth of rain water mainly in the spiral rainbands,but much less significantly in the eyewall area; 3) the warm cloud microphysical process produces the smallest rainfall area and the largest percentage of convective precipitation (63.19％),while the largest rainfall area and the smallest percentage of convective precipitation (48.85％) are generated when the terminal velocity of graupel is weakened by half. 相似文献
13.
热带飑线结构和演变的数值模拟研究第一部分：云分辨模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用风暴尺度、云分辨的数值模式ＡＲＰＳ模拟了 １９９３年２月 ２２日 ＴＯＧＡＣＯＡＲＥ试验期间在赤道南太平洋观测到一次热带海洋飑线过程的发生发展过程，验证该模式的模拟热带对流系统的能力，并详细地分析了该次飑线的结构特征和动力学形成机制。通过数值敏感性试验研究了不同的云微物理过程对热带飑线的结构和发展演变过程的影响，所考虑的云微物理过程分为包含六种水相态的冰相过程和 Ｋｅｓｓｌｅｒ暖雨过程。模拟结果表明，云分辨模式ＡＲＰＳ采用合适的物理过程可以较成功地模拟出热带飑线的三维结构及其演变过程。数值敏感性试验结果表明，在对流上升过程中，由于与冻结作用有关的冰相微物理过程能释放更多的潜热，这种潜热能产生垂直方向上的浮力梯度从而较明显地加强系统的深对流，有利于对流系统组织性的对流带的长时间维持；相比之下，暖雨过程中飑线的生命周期缩短，而系统倾斜结构更明显，层状云区的发展比较旺盛。 相似文献
14.
A three-layer theoretical model is used to calculate the lee wave of a real example occurring over Blue Ridge in Pittsburgh, in which the maximum vertical velocity is 0.11 m s^-1. Based on this, the influence of changes in the thickness and values of the Scorer parameter in each layer are analyzed. It is shown that the influence of each layer parameters on the lee-wave amplitude is different, and the amplitude is more sensitive to the changes in the lower layer. Since the environment changes can affect the Scorer parameter profile, the influence of the environment on the amplitude is studied. The results show that the amplitude will decrease in the daytime because of solar heating, and increase at night because of radiational cooling, according to observational data. The case is also simulated by the Advanced Regional Prediction System （ARPS） model. The simulated amplitude is 0.089 m s^-1, which is close to the calculated result. Numerical sensitivity experiments are performed to test the former calculated experiments. The simulated results are consistent with the analytically calculated results. 相似文献
15.
Application of Radar Reflectivity Factor in Initializing Cloud-Resolving Mesoscale Model. Part Ⅰ: Retrieval of Microphysical Elements and Vertical Velocity 
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下载免费PDF全文 Assuming that cloud reaches static state in the warm microphysical processes, water vapor mixing ratio(qv), cloud water mixing ratio (qc), and vertical velocity (w) can be calculated from rain water mixing ratio (qr)- Through relation of Z-qr, qr can be retrieved by radar reflectivity factor (Z). Retrieval results indicate that the distributions of mixing ratios of vapor, cloud, rain, and vertical velocity are consistent with radar images, and the three-dimensional spatial structure of the convective cloud is presented. Treating q,v saturated at the echo area, the retrieved qr is about 0.1 g kg-1, qc is always less than 0.3 g kg-1, w is usually below 0.5 m s-1, and rain droplet terminal velocity (vr) is around 5.0 m s-1 in the place where radar reflectivity factor is about 25 dBz; in the place where echo is 45 dBz, the retrieved qr and qc are always about 3.0 g kg-1, w is greater than 5.0 m s-1, and vr is around 7.0 m s-1. In the vertical, the maximum updraft velocity is greater than 3.0 m s-1 at the height of around 5.0 kin, the maximum cloud water content is about 3.0 g kg-1 above 5 km and the maximum rain water content is about 3.0 g kg-1 below 6 kin. Due to the assumption that the cloud is in static state, there will be some errors in the retrieved variables within the clouds which axe rapidly growing or dying-out, and in such cases, more sophisticated radar data control technique will help to improve the retrieval results. 相似文献
16.
Abstract A kinematic model is applied to graupel growth. The vertical velocity and ther‐modynamic field data are taken from the forced 1‐D time‐dependent model of Cb cloud developed by Curie and Jane (1988). The graupel embryo pocket was released at the height of the — 10°C isotherm. The influence of the forced lifting on further graupel growth and its trajectory is analysed by sensitivity experiments based on the amplitude of the forced lifting, and initial graupel radius, density and cloud droplet concentration for the forced lifting initiation time derived from the model and the forced lifting duration time that agreed with observations. In particular, the sensitivity analysis was carried out for the forced lifting initiation and duration times. It is shown that for large values of the forced lifting amplitudes, the residence time of the graupel within cloud and the final graupel radius may be significantly larger compared with those in the non‐forced case. The residence time in a cloud can also be significantly larger for the smallest amplitude, whereas the final radius is rather insensitive owing to oscillations around the melting level. For some cases the forced lifting causes recycling inside the updraft, contrary to the results of previous non‐forced numerical models. The recycling mechanism is sensitive to the forced lifting duration time and the time interval between the graupel pocket injection in cloud and the initiation of the forced lifting. Initially the observed recycling mechanism is a consequence of the periodic forced lifting mechanism, but then combines with recycling of the Pflaum type (1980). 相似文献
17.
Mickey Man-Kui Wai 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1987,40(3):241-267
A one-dimensional grid-level model including longwave radiative transfer and a level-4 second-order turbulent transfer closure which contains prognostic equations for turbulent quantities, is used to study the physics and dynamics of inversion-capped marine stratocumulus clouds.A set of numerical experiments had been performed to examined the role of sea surface temperature, large-scale vertical velocity, wind speed, and vertical wind shear in the formation and the structure of low-level clouds. For a given sea surface and geostrophic wind speed, stratocumulus clouds can grow higher with smaller large-scale subsidence as less dry air entrains into the cloud. Clouds grow higher with higher sea surface temperature for a given geostrophic wind speed and large-scale subsidence as a result of enhanced moist convection. In high wind speeds, the entire cloud deck is lifted up because of larger surface energy flux. In the budget studies of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the buoyancy term is a major source term when the wind speed and the vertical shear are small across the inversion top. When the wind speed and the vertical wind shear across the inversion top become large, the mixed layer is decoupled into a cloud and a subcloud layer. In the TKE budget studies, the shear generation term becomes an important term in the budgets of the TKE and the variance of vertical velocity. 相似文献
18.
Radar parameters including radar reflectivity,Doppler velocity,and Doppler spectrum width were obtained from Doppler spectrum moments.The Doppler spectrum moment is the convolution of both the particle spectrum and the mean air vertical motion.Unlike strong precipitation,the motion of particles in cirrus clouds is quite close to the air motion around them.In this study,a method of Doppler moments was developed and used to retrieve cirrus cloud microphysical properties such as the mean air vertical velocity,mass-weighted diameter,effective particle size,and ice content.Ice content values were retrieved using both the Doppler spectrum method and classic Z-IWC(radar reflectivity-ice water content) relationships;however,the former is a more reasonable method. 相似文献
19.
霰粒子下落速度对云系及降水发展影响的数值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云和降水的形成是动力过程与微物理过程相瓦作用的产物,云数值模式中的微物理过程参数化方案对云和降水发展过程有直接影响.在云数值模式中,粒子群体的下落速度都足用质量加权下落末速度公式来表达,而且不同的模式采用的公式存在差异,质量加权下落末速度中参数取值不同,引起的粒子下落末速度不同.为了了解粒子下落末速度变化对云系和降水发展的影响,对2004年8月12日一次冷锋降水过程,利用中尺度ARPS模式做模拟研究.在分析降水机制的基础上,对霰这一下落末速度较大的降水粒子,做下落末速度(Vg)的敏感性试验,从动力、热力、微物理的角度,通过数值模拟对比分析了霰下落末速度减小对降水分布和强度、云系的移动、云系的宏观热力和动力场的影响,并给出了影响的途径和机理.结果表明:Vg变化对云的厚度和含水量有影响,下落末速度减小对冰晶、雪、霰的含水量垂直分布及分布随时间变化影响较大,其中,霰的含水量显著减少,雪的含水量增加,并调整了云中水质粒的空间分布;Vg减小对地面累积总降水量的分布影响较小,但对降水强度的分布影响较大.Vg减小时,降水强度减小,降水时间延迟,因此,霰下落末速度变化将调整底层降水分布;对于云系的移动情况基本上没有影响,但对云中水质粒的空间分布有影响;霰下落末速度变化影响云中霰的融化和撞冻增长从而影响热力场.末速度减小时,霰和雪的融化罱明显减小,导致非绝热冷却率的减小,引起下沉气流的减小. 相似文献
20.
雷达资料同化能够改善强对流天气的预报,但是不同的模式方案配置会得到不同的结果。本文针对中国南部2018年3月4日一次飑线过程,以全球预报模式GFS分析场和预报场为背景场,采用中尺度区域气象预报模式ARPS 3DVAR系统同化多普勒雷达径向速度,用云分析处理反射率数据,考虑同化间隔、频次、云分析中不同参数调整,采用1 h同化窗口,设计不同同化方案,最后用WRF模式进行预报,研究雷达资料同化对飑线系统触发及发展机制的影响。结果表明,同化间隔过短时,由于模式热动力变量没有平衡产生虚假回波,同化间隔过长时,系统触发和发展的特征普遍偏弱;采用12 min间隔同化得到了最好的初始场,并且同化频次越高得到的降水预报结果越好。此外,ARPS云分析能大大改善初始场,减少模式自调整时间,其中湿度调整、温度调整、雨水调整及水汽调整对系统动力过程和水凝物初始场分布都有较大的影响,而垂直速度相关参数调整影响较小。 相似文献