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1.
以精制鱼油和豆油作为脂肪源,配制质量分数0.48%、0.97%、1.50%和1.97%等4种不同水平n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 HUFA)的饲料,并饲喂斜带石斑鱼幼鱼50 d,研究不同水平n-3 HUFA对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephlus coioides)幼鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.结果表明:饲料中n-3 HUFA水平对实验鱼增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率都有显著影响(p<0.05).以增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率为参考指标,通过回归分析,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼对饲料中n-3 HUFA的适宜需要量(质量分数)为1.27%~1.42%;各实验组的鱼体肥满度不受饲料中n-3 HUFA水平的影响,保持在1.4左右;内脏比与肝体比随饲料中n-3 HUFA水平升高而呈现降低趋势;各实验组鱼体肌肉常规营养成分不受饲料中n-3 HUFA水平的影响,肌肉中的n-3 HUFA随饲料n-3 HUFA水平增加而增加.  相似文献   

2.
以全鱼粉饲料做对照(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,进行56 d的养殖实验,研究3种替代蛋白源对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼(23.18±1.58g)生长性能、体成分及能量收支的影响。结果表明,实验条件下5组实验鱼的末体质量、增重率、特定生长率、肝体系数、脏体系数、肥满度和蛋白表观消化率差异不显著(p值>0.05)。饲料转化效率、蛋白质效率、干物质和能量表观消化率差异显著(p值<0.05),D2组最好而D5组最差。5组实验鱼全鱼和肌肉成分中粗蛋白含量无显著差异,全鱼水分含量也无显著差异(p值>0.05),其他指标则有显著差异(p值<0.05)。5组实验鱼的排泄能及呼吸能无显著差异(p值>0.05),摄食能、生长能和排粪能有显著差异(p值<0.05),D1、D2和D3组能量分配较好,而D4和D5组较差。与全鱼粉饲料相比,豆粕替代10%鱼粉显著提高了幼鱼的饲料转化效率和蛋白质效率,而豆粕替代20%鱼粉亦未对幼鱼产生不良影响,豆粕为褐点石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中鱼粉蛋白较好的替代品。  相似文献   

3.
在斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼基础饲料(铜质量分数2.03 mg/kg)中分别添加6个水平的羟基蛋氨酸螯合铜(hydroxy methionine copper,HMC),制成铜质量分数分别为2.03、4.04、6.20、10.67、13.96 mg/kg的实验饲料,饲喂6周后,探讨HMC对幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫酶活性和组织铜沉积的影响,确定幼鱼饲料中铜的最适需要量。结果表明,饲料中添加HMC,对石斑鱼的增重率、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料系数等生长性能的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),以铜质量分数6.20 mg/kg组增重率和特定生长率最高,饲料系数最低,高于或低于2.03和13.96 mg/kg组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与4.04和10.67 mg/kg组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但对成活率、肝体比影响差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。饲料中添加HMC对全鱼水分和粗蛋白含量影响无统计学意义(P0.05),对全鱼粗灰分和粗脂肪含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05)。石斑鱼血浆铜蓝蛋白(CP)的含量、血清和肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)活性均以6.20 mg/kg组最高;饲料中铜的添加对血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和肝脏硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)含量影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加HMC均提高鱼体、肌肉和肝脏中铜含量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且以13.96 mg/kg组最高。饲料中添加适量的HMC可提高石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能,提高抗氧化能力。在本实验条件下,以SGR为判据,通过二次回归方程拟合可得,以HMC为铜源,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼铜需要量为7.09 mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
研究了三个蛋白水平(22%、25%、28%)和五个L-肉碱水平(0、200、400、600、800mg/kg)下尼罗罗非鱼生长和饲料利用率。结果表明,随着饲料中蛋白水平的提高,罗非鱼幼鱼的终体重、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈上升趋势,而饲料系数(FCR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随饲料蛋白水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05);同等蛋白水平下,终体重、WGR和SGR均在L-肉碱添加量为200mg/kg时最高,不添加L-肉碱组最小;在添加400mg/kgL-肉碱时FCR最小,而PER最大,与不添加L-肉碱组比较,差异均显著(P<0.05)。说明饲料中蛋白含量和L-肉碱添加量能显著影响罗非鱼幼鱼的生长和饲料利用,而外源性L-肉碱可明显促进罗非鱼生长,提高饲料转化效率。  相似文献   

5.
在以豆粕、酪蛋白、鱼粉(质量分数分别为33%、17%、15%)为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.5%和2.0%的胆固醇,制成6种等氮等能饲料,养殖初始体质量为(24.00±0.19)g的军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum)8周,研究胆固醇对其生长、体成分、血液生化指标和脂代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:添加低水平胆固醇对军曹鱼生长有改善作用,而高水平胆固醇对生长有抑制作用,与对照组比较,增重率(WGR)(P0.05)、成活率(SR)(P0.05)、饲料系数(FCR)(P0.05)在0.4%组较佳,随添加量的增加,各组幼鱼有增重率、成活率降低,饲料系数增大趋势。幼鱼肝体比、脏体比、肝脏病变率有增大趋势。添加胆固醇后,全鱼、肝脏和肌肉中粗脂肪0-0.4%组有上升趋势,0.4%-2.0%组有下降趋势;鱼体粗蛋白有上升趋势,肝脏中胆固醇有先降后升趋势,但水分和灰分的变化不大(P0.05)。血清中总胆固醇(TC)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)有上升趋势。肝脏中激素敏感性脂肪酶(HSL)有先升后降趋势。在以豆粕为主要蛋白源的饲料中添加少量胆固醇(0.4%组)可一定程度上改善军曹鱼幼鱼生长,影响机体脂代谢,但过多添加会抑制生长,并造成肝脏病变。以SR为判据,饲料中军曹鱼对胆固醇最适需要量为0.566%。  相似文献   

6.
在水温(28±1)℃,以配合饲料及最大摄食量的条件下,研究卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼[初始体重(5.77±0.45)g]在盐度10、15、20、25、30和35下的生长及能量收支。结果表明:在盐度25时,湿重、干重、蛋白质及能量指标的特定生长率均达到最大值,分别为3.21%、2.06%、4.76%和4.66%;干重、蛋白质和能量指标的摄食率也达最大,分别为20.31%、13.57%和12.21%;干重、蛋白质和能量指标的转化效率也达最大,分别为35.61%、46.60%和52.78%。可见,盐度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的特定生长率、摄食率、转化效率及能量收支有显著影响。盐度对吸收效率则无显著影响,蛋白质和能量的平均吸收效率分别为94.91%和92.45%;在盐度25,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼得到最佳的能量分配模式,其收支方程为:100.00C=7.30F+10.13U+29.80R+52.77G。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】研究配合饲料中添加乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌对军曹鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别按1.0×10~8、3.0×10~8、5.0×10~8cfu/g单独喷洒乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌两种菌,制作6种饲料,投喂初始体质量(10.66±0.09)g的健康军曹鱼幼鱼10周,以基础饲料为对照组,测定幼鱼生长性能、消化酶和免疫酶指标。【结果】与对照组比,乳酸菌组幼鱼饵料系数降低(P0.05),增重率和特定生长率呈现先升后降的变化趋势,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),乳酸杆菌添加组的增重率和特定生长率整体显著高于粪肠球菌添加组(P0.05),在3.0×10~8cfu/g乳酸杆菌添加组达到最大值;乳酸菌组的淀粉酶(AMS)、胰蛋白酶(TRY)和脂肪酶(LPS)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两种乳酸菌添加组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性高于对照组,而丙二醛(MAD)活性显著低于对照(P0.05)。【结论】以喷洒方式在饲料中添加乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌,可显著提高军曹鱼的生长性能、消化能力和非特异性免疫力,影响效果与添加量和添加乳酸菌种类有关,乳酸杆菌对军曹鱼的相关作用效果优于粪肠球菌,以3.0×10~8cfu/g乳酸杆菌的效果最佳。  相似文献   

8.
以鱼粉、酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,分别以20%添加水平的葡萄糖、糊精、蔗糖、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为糖源,配制成6种不同糖源的等氮等能饲料,研究不同糖源对方斑东风螺幼螺生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性、糖原含量、蛋白质含量及肉壳比的影响。结果表明:方斑东风螺幼螺的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率,消化酶活性、糖原含量、蛋白质含量及肉壳比均受到糖源种类的显著影响(P<0.05)。增重率、特定生长率从高至低依次为小麦淀粉组、玉米淀粉组、马铃薯淀粉组、糊精组、葡萄糖组、蔗糖组;饲料系数及蛋白质效率均以小麦淀粉组表现最好,与马铃薯淀粉组和玉米淀粉组无显著性差异,显著优于糊精组、葡萄糖组及蔗糖组。消化酶活性的分析结果表明,淀粉酶活性最高的是蔗糖组和小麦淀粉组,糊精组次之,葡萄糖组和马铃薯淀粉组的淀粉酶活性最低;各处理组脂肪酶活性存在显著差异,从高至低分依次为马铃薯淀粉组>小麦淀粉组>糊精组>玉米淀粉组>蔗糖组、葡萄糖组;蛋白酶活性以小麦淀粉组最高,其次为蔗糖组,其他糖源组并无显著差异;而内脏团糖原和肌糖原含量,除了葡萄糖组外,其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋白质含量以葡萄糖组最高,小麦淀粉组最低,而肉壳比则刚好相反,以小麦淀粉组和玉米淀粉组最高,葡萄糖组最低。以生长、饲料利用率和消化酶活性为评价指标,方斑东风螺饲料中采用小麦淀粉作为糖源效果最优。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】研究工厂化养殖条件下不同养殖密度(2、4、6 kg/m3)、投喂频率(1、2、3次/d)和投喂水平(60、80、100%饱食)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×鞍带石斑鱼E.lanceolatus♂)幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力等3生长性能参数的协同影响。【方法】采用中心复合实验设计(BBD)和响应曲面(RSM)方法分析。【结果】养殖密度、投喂频率和投喂水平的一次、二次效应对幼鱼特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力影响显著(P﹤0.05)。养殖密度与投喂频率对幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料转化率有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),对胃蛋白酶活力无显著交互作用(P0.05);养殖密度与投喂水平对饲料转化率和特定生长率有极显著交互作用(P0.01),对胃蛋白酶活力有显著交互作用(P0.05);投喂频率与投喂水平对特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力无显著交互作用(P0.05)。3响应面指标回归模型的决定系数分别为0.983 0、0.943 6和0.991 0,拟合方程可信度较高。响应指标优化结果表明,在养殖密度为42尾/m3,投喂频率为2次/d,投喂水平为81.24%条件下,特定生长率、饲料转化率和胃蛋白酶活力最佳,分别为1.291%/d、1.041%和154.322 U/mg,可靠性达94.6%,可信度较高。【结论】工厂化循环水养殖系统内养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼,在养殖密度为42尾/m~3、每天2次的81.24%饱食投喂条件下,幼鱼可健康生长,生产成本最低。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】研究养鱼池、微滤机、臭氧-蛋白质分离器、生化过滤器组成的循环水系统对杂交石斑鱼的养殖效果。【方法】利用低密度(200尾/池)珍珠龙趸养殖的自然微生物对循环水系统进行生物挂膜30 d,使用循环水养殖系统养殖体质量(270.5±4.5)g的杂交石斑鱼[Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀)×Epinephelus lanceolatus (♂)](下称"珍珠龙趸")60 d,放养密度2 000尾/池,以相同放养量相同养殖池的流水养殖系统作对照。监测循环水养殖系统的挂膜效果,测定循环水养殖系统和流水养殖系统的氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、化学需氧量、悬浮固体粒子等指标,测定珍珠龙趸的生长状况。【结果】循环水养殖系统生化过滤器内部滤料出现附着菌膜,水质变化趋于稳定,挂膜状况良好,养殖期系统出水氨氮、亚硝酸盐、化学需氧量、固体粒子质量浓度均显著低于流水养殖池(P 0.05),去除率分别为65.93%、48.51%、39.92%、80.61%;经60 d养殖,循环水养殖珍珠龙趸存活率89.25%,养殖密度达35.10 kg/m3,体质量(491.7±16)g,增重率62.23%,特定生长率0.82%,饲料系数1.16,而流水养殖珍珠龙趸存活率88.15%,养殖密度为32.16 kg/m3,体质量(446.4±19) g,增重率48.48%,特定生长率0.71%,饲料系数1.27。【结论】循环水养殖系统水处理效果显著,珍珠龙趸养殖效果良好。  相似文献   

11.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to detect the optimal dietary protein and energy, as well as the effects of protein to energy ratio on growth, for the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), which are critical to nutrition standardization for model fish. Twenty-four diets were formulated to contain three gross energy (10, 12.5, 15 kJ/g), four protein (20%, 25%, 30%, 35%), and two lipid levels (3%, 6%). The results showed that optimal dietary E/P was 41.7–50 kJ/g for maximum growth in juvenile rare minnows at 6% dietary crude lipid. At 3% dietary lipid, specific growth rate (SGR) increased markedly when E/P decreased from 62.5 kJ/g to 35.7 kJ/g and gross energy was 12.5 kJ/g, and from 75 kJ/g to 42.9 kJ/g when gross energy was 15.0 kJ/g. The optimal gross energy was estimated at 12.5 kJ/g and excess energy decreased food intake and growth. Dietary lipid exhibited an apparent protein-sparing effect. Optimal protein decreased from 35% to 25%–30% with an increase in dietary lipid from 3% to 6% without adversely effecting growth. Dietary lipid level affects the optimal dietary E/P ratio. In conclusion, recommended dietary protein and energy for rare minnow are 20%–35% and 10–12.5 kJ/g, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
1Introduction The mangrove red snapper,Lutjanus argentimacu-latus(Forsskal,1775)is a carnivorous,warm-watereuryhaline fish that is considerably cultured in South-east Asia,Southern China and the Middle East(Le-ung et al.,1999;Estudillo et at.,2000;Ng et al.,2000;Catacutan et al.,2001).In Pakistan,it isknown for its good quality meat and also for its highconsumption rate.Although it fetches a premiumprice at local markets(Anonymous,2002),the in-creasing demand has generated interest towar…  相似文献   

13.
A feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating water system to investigate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth, feed utilization, hepatosomatic index and liver lipid deposition of juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (average initial wet weight 8.0 ± 0.39 g and total length 3.14 ± 0.3 cm). In the experiment, six fishmeal-based diets were formulated to contain various protein levels (20% to 45% in 5% increments), with dietary energy ranging from 2210.7kJ lOOg to 2250.2kJlOOg dry matter. The protein to energy ratios of diets ranged from 8.58 mg protein kJ−1 to 20.03 mg protein kJ−1. Diets were fed for 90d to triplicate groups of fish stocked in 0.128m3 seawater tanks, 25 individuals each. The daily ration of 2% wet body weight was offered to the fish thrice a day. The fish at the end of the study had more than ten-fold (77.0g) increase in weight compared to the initial (8.0g). Fish fed diets of 40% and 45% protein produced significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain of 77.2g and 76.5g, and specific growth rate (SGR) of 2.65% and 2.62% than those of 67.0 g and 68.3g, and 2.49% and 2.51% of the other diets. The broken-line regression of SGR against dietary protein level yielded an optimum dietary protein requirement of 42.6% (Y=−1.6295 + 0.1114 X 2,P<0.05). Survival remained 100% among groups. Feed conversion ratio decreased from 0.45 for fish fed 20% dietary protein to 0.35 for fish fed 45% dietary protein. Nitrogen intake increased with an increase in dietary protein, which in turn resulted in an increase in nitrogen gain of fish whole body. Fish fed 40% and 45% protein diets showed higher (P<0.05) nitrogen gain (0.27g and 0.26g) than those (0.23g and 025g) fed all other diets. Gross energy intake (GEI) in fish fed 45% protein was lower (600.67kJ) than that (607.97 kJ) of 40% protein diet, though the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05); GEI ranging from 677.31 kJ to 663.20 kJ at remaining four diets (20% to 35% protein) did not appear to differ significantly (P>0.05). The highest energy gain of 518.33 kJ was obtained with fish fed 40% protein, resulting in the highest energy retention efficiency of 85.26%. The hepatosomatic index of fish fed diets of 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% protein were significantly (P<0.05) higher (2.09% to 2.57%) than those (1.44% and 1.41%) of fish fed diets containing 40% and 45% protein. Liver lipid contents decreased from 8.72% to 7.0% in fish fed dietary protein of 20% to 45% in 5% increments. Results suggest that the diet containing 40% to 42.6% protein with a P/E ratio of 17.6 mg protein kJ−1 is required for good growth of L. argentimaculatus weighing between 8.0 g and 85.2 g under the culture conditions of the present study.  相似文献   

14.
We evaluated the dietary protein requirements of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) and their effects on aquatic quality. Five experimental diets were formulated containing 450, 480, 500, 520, and 540 g/kg. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of juvenile turbot (mean initial body weight 34.5 ± 5.5 g) for 88 d. Both the weight gain ratio and feed efficiency increased with increasing dietary protein up to 500 g/kg, but no further improvement was detected when dietary protein levels were >500 g/kg. Protein intake and digestion increased with protein levels, while fecal nitrogen and nitrogen content in seawater increased only when dietary protein exceeded 500 g/kg. Protein digestibility was highest at intermediate dietary protein levels. Chemical oxygen demand, nitrite-nitrogen (NO2--N) and phosphatic-phosphor (PO43--P) levels increased in the rearing water as dietary protein levels increased. The optimum eco-nutrition level of dietary protein for juvenile turbot was 500 g/kg under the current experimental conditions. The diets containing 540 and 500 g/kg protein had similar growth rates and feed conversion ratios, but levels of ammonia (NH4+) and nitrogen were considerably higher in the water and feces, respectively, at the higher level of dietary protein. The difference in the pattern of change between body weight gain and ammonia concentration in water with increasing dietary protein is described by rhomb characteristics.  相似文献   

15.
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.  相似文献   

16.
在凡纳滨对虾饲料中分别添加大黄0、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0和20.0g/kg,研究大黄对凡纳滨对虾(初始体重为0.34±0.004g)生长及非特异性免疫指标的影响。结果表明,大黄对凡纳滨对虾成活率、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率和蛋白质累积率的影响不显著(P>0.05),对全虾和尾肌肉的灰分、脂肪和粗蛋白含量影响显著,全虾的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量以1.0g/kg组最高(P<0.05),对凡纳滨对虾血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶以及血清总蛋白量等的影响显著,溶菌酶活性以1.0g/kg组最高(P<0.05);细菌感染实验中以1.0g/kg组存活率最高(P<0.05)。以非特异性免疫反应指标及感染实验存活率为指标,凡纳滨对虾饲料中大黄的适宜添加量为1.0g/kg。  相似文献   

17.
Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics (inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations (13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics (combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme (total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control (28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.  相似文献   

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