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1.
星洲银罗非鱼线粒体DNA的RFLP研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用EcoRⅤ、MboⅡ、NaeⅠ、PvuⅡ、StyⅠ、KpnⅠ、SacⅠ、HindⅢ、DraⅠ、HpaⅡ等10种限制性核酸内切酶对星洲银罗非鱼线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行酶切分析,其中StyⅠ、SacⅠ和DraⅠ表现出多态性,HpaⅡ酶切后产生零碎片段,EcoRⅤ、NaeⅠ、PvuⅡ、KpnⅠ只有一个切点,HindⅢ有两个切点,MboⅡ有5个切点但有小片段丢失。在星洲银罗非鱼中共发现4种单倍型,单倍型间平均遗传距离为0.008 0,其mtDNA多态度为0.002 4,遗传多样性较丰富。 相似文献
2.
哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)染色体组型与DNA含量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素、肾细胞短期培养、常规空气干燥法制备哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)的染色体。对其肾细胞染色体数目统计分析表明,哲罗鱼染色体组有84条染色体,核型公式为2n=18m+16sm+34st+16t,其染色体总臂数(NF)为118。采用流式细胞分析仪测定哲罗鱼的DNA含量,与鸡血细胞标准对照的比值为2.23±0.17,以鸡红细胞DNA含量2.30pg·N~(-1)计,则哲罗鱼的体细胞DNA含量为5.12pg·N~(-1)。哲罗鱼染色体数目和DNA含量体现为四倍体特征。 相似文献
3.
《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(2)
【目的】优化黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnusalbacares)副产品(鱼头)提取鱼油的工艺参数。【方法】以鱼油提取率为评价指标,采用单因素实验确定最佳超高压处理压强和保压时间,采用Box-Behnken响应面试验设计优化关键酶解工艺参数。【结果】建立鱼油提取率与加酶量、液料质量比、酶解温度和酶解时间之间的回归模型,加酶量、液料质量比、酶解温度和酶解时间对鱼油提取率均有显著影响(P <0.05),影响由高到低依次为加酶量、液料质量比、酶解时间、酶解温度;当超高压处理压强200 MPa、处理时间10 min、加酶量(质量分数)为1.125%、液料质量比为1∶1、酶解温度65℃和酶解时间60min时,根据质量法计算,鱼油提取率达99.51%,与模型预测值之间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。【结论】采用响应面法建立的回归模型较好地描述超高压结合酶解提取鱼油的工艺过程,优化的工艺参数可有效提高鱼油提取率。 相似文献
4.
《广东海洋大学学报》2016,(6)
采用甲基化敏感多态性扩增技术(MSAP)检测马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)近交(F1)与杂交(Z1)家系闭壳肌的DNA甲基化修饰水平,对部分甲基化修饰片段进行回收、测序和注释分析。结果表明:使用20对引物进行选扩增PCR,最终F1和Z1分别获得(632.20±22.58)和(588.60±25.09)条条带,差异显著(P0.05);F1和Z1之间的组织甲基化水平分别为(9.93±1.60)%和(8.04±1.25)%,差异显著(P0.05)。对回收片段进行注释,F1家系共获得9条甲基化修饰片段,其中8条为功能蛋白,分别为E3泛素连接酶、逆转录病毒多聚蛋白、神经肽受体、交叉结点核酸内切酶、磷酸糖器、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、隐花色素蛋白、脆性位点相关蛋白;Z1家系共获得5条甲基化修饰片段且均为功能蛋白,分别为脆性位点相关蛋白、神经元乙酰胆碱受体α亚基、无调性的同源蛋白、麦芽糖酶、甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶。初步阐明马氏珠母贝近交家系F1与杂交家系Z1间的DNA甲基化修饰水平和部分具甲基化修饰位点。 相似文献
5.
对-20℃下冰冻,常温下酒精、甲醛溶液和Bouin氏液等保存条件下的鱼体组织(血液、肌肉、鳞片、鳍条)的DNA提取方法作了比较,并经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计检测及RAPD扩增结果验证。结果表明,除鳞片外,新鲜组织、-20℃冰冻组织以常规方法可提取出较高质量的DNA;保存于70%酒精或10%甲醛溶液中的组织,经预处理,亦可得高质量DNA;新鲜、冰冻、70%酒精或短时间10%甲醛固定的鳞片经适当预处理也可提取出较高质量的DNA。 相似文献
6.
青鳞鱼蛋白风味酶控制水解动力学模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在假设风味酶恒温控制水解动力学遵循内切酶限制水解动力学历程的前提下,通过实验方法求出了风味酶恒温控制水解动力学模型。结果表明,风味酶对青鳞鱼蛋白进行控制水解的动力学模型为:R= ( 54 .782e0 -0 .045s0 )exp( -0 .398DH),DH=2 .513ln[1+(21 .803e0 /s0 -0. 0179)t];其酶失活常数kd=22. 155 6min-1;水解反应能够顺利进行的条件是:e0 /s0 >c0,常数c0 =8 .214×10-4。验证实验证明,根据风味酶恒温控制水解动力学模型得到的理论水解度与实际水解基本吻合。 相似文献
7.
应用分子标记技术如RAPD、AFLP进行植物病原真菌的群体遗传学、系统演化[1～ 4] 等方面的工作 ,特别是进行群体遗传结构及系统演化研究时需要研究大量样品 ,提取DNA的工作量十分大 ,需要花很多的时间。通常提取植物病原真菌DNA时 ,获取菌丝后需要经低温真空干燥处理 ,利用液氮研磨 ,再用CTAB(十六烷基三乙基溴化铵 )或SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠 )提取[5 ] 。我们在研究水稻纹枯病菌群体遗传结构的过程中发现 ,采取通常程序提取DNA ,过程复杂 ,操作中容易造成交叉污染。基于快速、简洁、经济有效的原则 ,我们将CTAB法进行简化 ,采用多… 相似文献
8.
There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment. 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(4)
【目的】探究牡蛎酶解产物改善小鼠学习记忆的功效作用及其营养成分组成。【方法】采用中性蛋白酶酶解牡蛎获得牡蛎酶解产物,测定其氨基酸及无机元素的含量;采用跳台实验、避暗实验和Morris水迷宫实验对喂食高(3.0 g/kg)、中(1.5 g/kg)、低剂量(0.75 g/kg)的牡蛎酶解产物及药物吡拉西坦(1.6 g/kg)30 d的正常小鼠进行行为学测定。【结果】牡蛎酶解产物无机元素含量丰富,谷氨酸占总氨基酸含量为15.7%,牛磺酸及锌质量分数分别为2.85 g/100g、175 mg/100g。高剂量牡蛎酶解产物能延长跳台消退实验小鼠的潜伏期;高、中、低三剂量牡蛎酶解产物均能降低避暗消退实验错误动物数,且高剂量牡蛎酶解产物能显著延长避暗消退实验小鼠的潜伏期(P 0.05);高、中、低三剂量牡蛎酶解产物能显著缩短定位航行实验小鼠上台前的路程及潜伏期(P 0.05),且高剂量牡蛎酶解产物能显著提高空间探索实验小鼠穿越平台的次数(P0.05)。【结论】牡蛎酶解产物具有提高小鼠学习记忆能力的功效作用。 相似文献
10.
基于谱间特征与比值型指数的水体影像识别分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据杨存建等人发现LandsatTM影像水体具有TM2+TM3>TM4+TM5的特征,本文以2000年福州市Landsat-TM为例,分析了水体及其他几类主要地物的光谱特性在影像中的表现特征,发现除水体外,居民地的影像以及山体影像也都具有TM2+TM3>TM4+TM5(即(TM2+TM3)/(TM4+TM5)>1)的特征,但是三者(TM2+TM3)/(TM4+TM5)的比值却存在着较大的差异,所以辅以适合的阈值(水体(TM2+TM3)/(TM4+TM5)>2.0,TM2>40)可以将水体信息区别于其他背景地物。将该方法在含不同水体类型的福州市Landsat-TM遥感影像上进行实验,表明其可以将水体与全部居民地的阴影和山体阴影有效区分开来;同时可用于快速、简便和准确地提取城市和山区中的湿地水体信息,解决水体提取中难于消除居民地阴影与山体阴影的难题。 相似文献
11.
Three artificial gynogenetic clones of silver carp were produced for the analysis of restriction enzyme digestion patterns
of ND5-ND6 region from mtDNA of the clones. It is revealed that all intraclonal individuals shared completely the same digestion
patterns but among interclonal individuals did not. The three clones were mixed and cultured in a pond together for two years,
and restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of ND5–ND6 were used as genetic markers to assess the growth performance of
each clone.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39830300). 相似文献
12.
13.
1 INTRODUCTION Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is an important species in freshwater fisheries and ranks the first in world fish production (Li, 1993). China has a long history of aquaculture of silver carp that is very difficult for selective breeding because it has a long life cycle. However, development of cytoge-netics and modern molecular genetics built up a strong impact to the research on selective breeding. A rapid, efficient approach for establishment of a pure line of… 相似文献
14.
HU Xiaoke JIANG Xiaolu* GUAN Huashi Fishery College Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(1)
1 Introduction Protoplastsserveasabasicandversatiletoolforge neticengineeringandbiochemicalresearchforseveralreasons :theymayregeneratetheirwallsandprovideamodelsystemforstudyingwallbiogenesis ,theirlysisprovidesagentlemeansofpreparingsubcellularor ganelles ,andthemembraneexpositionallowsgeneticmanipulationsinvolvingfusionoruptakeofnucleicacidstobepossible .Theseadvantagesarelessachiev ablewhenusingintactcells (Liciaetal.,1999) .Incomparisonwithlandplantsandunicellularalgae ,on lylimitedrepo… 相似文献
15.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,(1)
The amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA (AFLP) technique was adopted to estimate the population genetic polymorphism among 30 sporophytes of Laminaria japonica collected from a cultivating farm in Rongcheng,China.Three methods were used for genomic DNA extraction from Laminaria japonica sporophyte and only the products obtained using the improved genomic DNA extraction kit method proved qualified for AFLP analysis.The parameters of the method were optimized.Samples of forty milligrams and the cell lysis time of 120 min were suggested to replace the parameters recommended by the manufacturer.Thirty individuals of Laminaria japonica from the same cultivating site were investigated using one pair of selective primers.A total of 21 loci were obtained and 17 of them were polymorphic.The mean percent age of polymorphic loci of this population was 80.95%.The Nei's gene diversity (H) within this population was 0.3028 and the average Shannon's Information index (I) was 0.4498.A genetic distance matrix among different individuals was constructed as well.Through this study,an applicable AFLP genetic analysis working system for Laminaria japonica sporophyte was established.The results of this research also revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the studied population. 相似文献
16.
The aim of this study is to isolate protoplasts from Undaria pinnatifida. Protoplasts of the alga were isolated enzymatically by using alginate lyase, which was prepared by fermenting culture of
a strain Vibrio sp. 510. Monofacterial method was applied for optimizing digestion condition. The optimum condition for protoplast preparation
is enzymatic digestion at 28°C for 2h using alginate lyase at the concentration of 213.36 U (8 mL) every 0.5g fresh thalline
with NaCl 50 and at the shaking speed of 150 r min−1 during digestion. The protoplast yield can reach 2.62±0.09 million per 0.5 g fresh leave under the optimum condition. The
enzyme activity is inhibited by Ca2+ and slightly enhanced by Fe2+ and Mn2+ at concentrations of 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10 mol L−1. 相似文献
17.
18.
The amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA (AFLP) technique was adopted to estimate the population genetic polymorphism
among 30 sporophytes of Laminaria japonica collected from a cultivating farm in Rongcheng, China. Three methods were used for genomic DNA extraction from Laminaria japonica sporophyte and only the products obtained using the improved genomic DNA extraction kit method proved qualified for AFLP
analysis. The parameters of the method were optimized. Samples of forty milligrams and the cell lysis time of 120 min were
suggested to replace the parameters recommended by the manufacturer. Thirty individuals of Laminaria japonica from the same cultivating site were investigated using one pair of selective primers. A total of 21 loci were obtained and
17 of them were polymorphic. The mean percent age of polymorphic loci of this population was 80.95%. The Nei’s gene diversity
(H) within this population was 0.3028 and the average Shannon’s Information index (I) was 0.4498. A genetic distance matrix
among different individuals was constructed as well. Through this study, an applicable AFLP genetic analysis working system
for Laminaria japonica sporophyte was established. The results of this research also revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the studied
population. 相似文献
19.
Effects of DNA extraction and universal primers on 16S rRNA gene-based DGGE analysis of a bacterial community from fish farming water 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Among many reports investigating microbial diversity from environmental samples with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), limited attention has been given to the effects of universal primers and DNA extraction on the outcome of DGGE analysis. In this study, these effects were tested with 16S rRNA gene-based DGGE on a bacterial community from farming water samples. The results indicate that the number of discernable bands in the DGGE fingerprint differed with the primer pairs used; the bands produced by 63f/518r, 341f/926r and 933f/1387r primer pairs were obviously fewer than those by 968f/1401r. Also, we found that each DNA extraction method resulted in different community profiles, reflected by the number and intensity of bands in the DGGE fingerprint. Furthermore, the main bands (theoretically representing dominant bacteria) differed with the extraction methods applied. It is therefore believed that the effects of universal primers and DNA extraction should be given more attention and carefully chosen before performing an investigation into a new environment with DGGE. 相似文献
20.
洪水淹没区包括洪水淹没的范围与深度,准确、高效地获取洪水淹没区是洪灾评估及减灾救灾的关键。本文针对现有洪水淹没范围与深度的快速计算及精度方面的不足,设计了洪水淹没区精确快速提取方法。首先,通过特征嵌入式DEM(F-DEM)数字地形建模技术,修正常规格网DEM对沟渠、坎堤等突变地形描述的失真问题;然后,基于洪水水位监测数据,采用Kriging内插模型构建洪水淹没面;最后,通过GIS多层面叠加及空间查询分析,获取真实淹没区信息。以温州水头镇水位监测点数据为基础,对其暴风潮后的洪水淹没区进行了分析,并利用大区域模拟水位监测点数据对提取方法效率作了测试。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地解决大区域海量数据条件下的淹没区提取问题。 相似文献