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1.
Summary A correct interpretation of in situ stress measurements by means of the doorstopper technique in cross anisotropic rocks requires that 10 stress concentration factors at the bottom of the borehole be known instead of the 3 which are needed for isotropic rocks. In order to analyse the data obtained in a site investigation in a gneiss of the Alpine region, these factors were determined by a three-dimensional high-order finite-element model. The results are presented and compared with those obtained by means of first approximation methods. The feasibility of carrying out measurements in anisotropic rock by means of only 2 boreholes is discussed and it is shown that in practice 3 properly oriented boreholes are needed in this case too. 相似文献
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通过对淮北市地质、水文地质条件的综合分析 ,建立了淮北市双含水层系统水文地质概念模型。引入准三维流数学模型进行地下水动态预报及建立地下水管理模型。用线性规划模型提出淮北市地下水资源的最佳管理方案。最后提出开展地下水回灌研究、建立岩溶含水层地下水库、限制发展耗水型工业及用法律和经济手段管理水资源开发等建议 相似文献
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Soil settlements related to groundwater lowering are expected to be accelerated by climate change and may damage underground infrastructure networks. A 1D mechanical model, previously developed for continuous pipelines, has been extended towards jointed pipelines to calculate the stresses and joint rotations induced by the soil settlements. From the mechanical model, curve fits were acquired that can be used to estimate the bending moments and joint rotation. The curve fits differ per soil type, joint stiffness, joint position and joint distance. The stresses calculated by the 1D mechanical model and curve fits were validated by means of 3D finite element modelling. Using the curve fits, a probabilistic approach was followed by means of a Monte Carlo method to calculate the probability of failure of the pipeline system. The effect of joints is that the pipe stresses are reduced as the joints absorb a part of the soil displacement. For the probability of failure, the pipe stresses have a larger contribution than the joint rotation, as the joint rotation remains small compared to the maximum allowable joint rotation. 相似文献
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双标量描述的土的损伤模型及其应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据双标量各向同性弹性损伤理论,提出了一个土体损伤模型,给出了相应的损伤演化方程。将其运用到地基土的静载荷试验中,采用修正分层总和法得到了地基土的理论荷载-沉降曲线,与实测曲线进行比较,验证了本模型的正确性。 相似文献
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This paper deals with a new critical state–based constitutive model for soft rocks and fine-grained soils. The model, formulated in the single-surface plasticity framework, is characterised by the following main features: (i) a generalised three-invariant yield surface capable of reproducing a wide set of well-known criteria, (ii) the dependency of the elastic stiffness on the current stress state by means of a hyperelastic formulation, (iii) the ability of simulating the plastic strain–driven structure degradation processes by a set of appropriate isotropic hardening laws, and (iv) a nonassociate flow rule in the meridian plane. The adopted formulation is hierarchical, such that the various features of the model can be activated or excluded depending on the specific kind of geomaterial to be modelled and on the quality and quantity of the related available experimental results. The constitutive model was implemented in a commercial finite element code by means of an explicit modified Euler scheme with automatic substepping and error control. The procedure does not require any form of stress correction to prevent drift from the yield surface. The performance of the model is first analysed by means of a wide set of parametric analyses, in order to highlight the main features and to evaluate the sensitivity of the formulation with reference to the input parameters. The model is then adopted to simulate the experimental response observed on three different geomaterials, ranging from soft clays to soft rocks. 相似文献
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相似模型试验是研究煤岩水力压裂裂缝扩展规律的重要手段之一,试验结论的有效性依靠相似材料的正确选材和配比。为开展水力压裂模拟试验,根据目标煤层原煤的力学性能,采用正交设计方法开展了相似材料配比试验,研制出适用于水力压裂试验的相似材料模型。其中,以水泥、石膏作为胶结剂,全粒径煤粉为骨料,通过大量室内试验,重点对相似材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比、坚固性系数进行测定,对比分析原煤和相似材料强度特性,系统研究不同配比对相似材料参数的影响。结果表明:根据相似材料配比方案得出的相似材料力学性能能够满足煤岩相似模型试验的要求。研究结果可为水力压裂模拟试验中相似材料的选择及配比提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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J.C.A. Green 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1984,13(2):83-103
The generalised optimisation of a flotation network is studied by means of using variable connections (structural parameters) and variable enhancement factors which are used instead of a flotation model to describe the separation process. The enhancement factors are functions of variables affecting the flotation process. These functional relationship may be derived by means of using a flotation model. Bounds are placed on the enhancement factors by means of either using a flotation model or by inspection of existing pilot or commercial plant data. These bounds, together with external, system and mass balance constraints and an appropriate objective function, define the general optimisation problem for a flotation network.The optimisation problem above may be solved by non-linear programming methods, however, it is easily transformable into a Linear Programme which is easy to solve. The procedure has been applied to a flotation circuit comprising three banks of cells for which an optimal set of connections and enhancement factors has been computed for varying constraints.A simulation procedure based on a gamma flotation model has been applied to one of the optimal circuits so as to compute the flotation variables. 相似文献
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Precambrian Geochronology, Chronotectonic Framework and Model of Chronocrustal Structure of the Zhongtiao Mountains 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The Zhongtiao Mountains, a typical exposure area of Precambrian rocks, are a concentration area of vari-ous types of copper deposit. The rocks were dated using several dating methods. Based on the age data ob-tained by means of three methods, several aspects are dealt with: (1) the dating results obtained by differentmethods and their geological implications have been compared; (2) a chronotectonic framework has been con-structed by means of these reliable ages, which indicates that the ages of the rocks of the Proterozoic mobilebelt fall in a time span of 2400 to 2000 Ma during which global magmatic records are lacking and reflects theages of important events in the mobile belt; (3) according to the ages of inherited zircons, neodymium modelage of the depleted mantle sources (T_(DM)) and geochemical and geological data, a model of Precambrianchronocrustal structure has been constructed, representing a typical for the North China craton. 相似文献
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Interaction of a Masonry Dam and the Rock Foundation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Walter Wittke Martin Wittke Johannes R. Kiehl 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(3):581-601
The Urft dam is an old German gravity dam located in the Eifel near Cologne. In order to ensure its stability and for adjustment to today??s technical standards rehabilitation works were required. Two inspection galleries were excavated below the storage level by means of smooth blasting. To reduce the porewater pressure acting on the dam??s base and thus to increase the stability of the dam also the drainage system was reconstructed and improved. Because the Urft dam is curved, its load bearing behavior reveals a certain arching effect. In order to take advantage of this arch action the stability proof was carried out by means of three-dimensional analyses according to the FEM. In these analyses the interaction of dam and the foundation rock was accounted for. Explorations, laboratory and in situ testing of the masonry and the foundation rock were carried out and a monitoring program was established. The monitoring results allowed a calibration of the three-dimensional model for stability analyses by means of back analyses. On this basis the final stability proof could be conducted. 相似文献
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The effect of the sampling strategies on the landslide susceptibility mapping by conditional probability and artificial neural networks 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Işık Yilmaz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(3):505-519
This study presented herein compares the effect of the sampling strategies by means of landslide inventory on the landslide
susceptibility mapping. The conditional probability (CP) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models were applied in Sebinkarahisar
(Giresun–Turkey). Digital elevation model was first constructed using a geographical information system software and parameter
maps affecting the slope stability such as geology, faults, drainage system, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect,
topographic wetness index, stream power index and normalized difference vegetation index were considered. In the last stage
of the analyses, landslide susceptibility maps were produced applying different sampling strategies such as; scarp, seed cell
and point. The maps elaborated were then compared by means of their validations. Scarp sampling strategy gave the best results
than the point, whereas the scarp and seed cell methods can be evaluated relatively similar. Comparison of the landslide susceptibility
maps with known landslide locations indicated that the higher accuracy was obtained for ANN model using the scarp sampling
strategy. The results obtained in this study also showed that the CP model can be used as a simple tool in assessment of the
landslide susceptibility, because input process, calculations and output process are very simple and can be readily understood. 相似文献
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An efficient method to upscale hydraulic conductivity (K) from detailed three-dimensional geostatistical models of hydrofacies heterogeneity to a coarser model grid is presented. Geologic heterogeneity of an alluvial fan system was characterized using transition-probability-based geostatistical simulations of hydrofacies distributions. For comparison of different hydrofacies architecture, two alternative models with different hydrofacies structures and geometries and a multi-Gaussian model, all with the same mean and variance in K, were created. Upscaling was performed on five realizations of each of the geostatistical models using the arithmetic and harmonic means of the K-values within vertical grid columns. The effects of upscaling on model domain equivalent K were investigated by means of steady-state flow simulations. A logarithmic increase in model domain equivalent K with increasing upscaling, was found for all fields. The shape of that upscaling function depended on the structure and geometry of the hydrofacies bodies. For different realizations of one geostatistical model, however, the upscaling function was the same. From the upscaling function a factor could be calculated to correct the upscaled K-fields for the local effects of upscaling. 相似文献
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水文模型参数自动优选方法的比较分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
模型参数的识别是模糊研制与应用成功与否的关键。介绍了三个自动优选模型参数的方法，以新安江模型为例，应用１４个流域的资料，对罗森布郎克法、改进的单纯形法和基因算法优算法优选模型参数的效果，优化方法和收敛速度及参数初值对优选效果的影响进行了比较分析。 相似文献
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岛屿是我国领土的重要组成部分,对国家安全和国防军事意义非凡。岛屿的地下水资源尤为珍贵,地下水流场模拟是研究地下水分布规律的重要手段。水文地质条件复杂、可利用的观测井较少等原因,造成了基岩岛屿水文地质模型概化精度不高、初始条件难以获取等问题。为克服基岩岛屿地下水流场模拟的诸多困难,将珠海外伶仃岛作为研究区,利用数字高程模型数据开展地质地貌建模; 利用探地雷达法、直流电法与地质分析对岛屿进行探测,获取了地层数据; 采用地下水遥感评估法,利用实测井位数据,确定了地下水的初始水位,进而对基岩岛屿地下水流场进行建模; 最终,通过对外伶仃岛地下水流场的数值模拟得出地下水模拟流场图。岛上多个测点的探测水位值与模拟水位相关性较好,其拟合优度R2为0.872 2。由此可见,综合遥感、物探、水文地质手段等技术方法获取的数据,采用地下水模拟软件或程序实现基岩岛屿地下水流场的数值模拟,是基岩岛屿地下水资源研究的一个有效方法。 相似文献
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Geologic Stochastic Modeling and Connectivity Assessment of Fracture Systems in the Boston Area 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
Summary
The MIT stochastic model for representing fracture patterns has been applied to the Boston area. The model is a geometric-mechanical
model, which means that underlying mechanisms are geometrically represented. In this paper the model is calibrated by comparing
the fracture spacing and trace length simulated by the model with data collected by Billings (1976) in a number of tunnels
in the Boston area. Following this, geometric fracture connectivity is investigated. This is done by recording in the model
simulations, the number of interconnected fractures in so called sub-networks and by recording the geometric extents of these
sub-networks. The results indicate limited horizontal but large vertical connectivity. 相似文献
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异源点集下三维断层建模方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用于断层建模的异源点集,因其具有不同特征而影响到建模途径和方法。以三维断层模型的3D GIS应用为目标,分析了原始地质观测点集、钻孔点集、剖面点集和平面点集的信息构成特征,提出了异源点集下三维断层数据模型的构建方法和流程。原始地质观测点集和钻孔点集间接表达了断层的空间特征,通过空间平面、曲面和曲线构建了断层面、地层面和断层交线的数学模型,并借助于连续模型的离散化,实现了独立断层建模点集的重建;剖面点集和平面点集可直接用于断层建模。以双TIN面模型为例阐述了断层三维模型的构建方法。 相似文献