共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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根系是植物的重要组成部分,根系研究对于植物、土壤以及生态系统研究的重要意义不容忽视.植物根系的传统探测方法不仅耗时费力而且会破坏根系原生环境.因此寻求一种无损性的植物根系探测技术尤为重要.探地雷达作为一种无损性探测方法,在根系参数估算方面具有巨大潜力.利用探地雷达2GHz频率天线在根径估测方面的优势,提出一个可实际应用的粗根生物量估算新方法,即：首先通过采集少量的根样本测得平均根密度;通过探地雷达野外测量实验建立基于探地雷达波形信号的根径估测模型对根径进行估测;基于根圆柱体（短根）或长锥体（长根）假设,通过估测的根径计算出根体积;最后利用根密度和根体积计算得到根生物量.得到主要结论如下：（1）直径大于0.5cm的粗根密度相对稳定;（2）从2GHz频率天线的探测数据中提取出的波形参数ΔT与根的深度无关,据此可建立精度较高的根径估测模型;（3）基于根密度和根体积可直接估算粗根生物量,无论粗短根或粗长根,新方法均能达到较高估算精度.上述结果验证了所建立的GPR根径估测模型和根生物量估算方法的合理性和有效性. 相似文献
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目的:评价CBCT测量根管工作长度的准确性,为临床应用提供实验依据.方法:选取外形完整、根尖发育完成或接近完成、无龋坏、无充填及牙髓病治疗史的上下颌磨牙40颗(共计136个根管).应用CBCT测量各磨牙根管工作长度,以直视下测量的根管工作长度为标准,判断测量方法的准确性,并且和RVG、根管长度电测仪测量结果比较.结果:CBCT(根管腔测量法;根长度测量法)的准确率分别是84.56％、91.91％,而RVG、根管长度电测仪的准确率分别是58.09％、86.03％.经统计学检验,CBCT测量的准确率与根管长度电测仪差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),RVG测量与其他两种方法的准确率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:CBCT与根管长度电测仪测量磨牙根管工作长度的准确率均较高,但各有其优缺点,CBCT可作为临床根管测量方法的一种有效的补充,而在RVG图像上测量根管长度的准确率不高. 相似文献
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目的:评价CBCT测量根管工作长度的准确性,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法:选取外形完整、根尖发育完成或接近完成、无龋坏、无充填及牙髓病治疗史的上下颌磨牙40颗(共计136个根管)。应用CBCT测量各磨牙根管工作长度,以直视下测量的根管工作长度为标准,判断测量方法的准确性,并且和RVG、根管长度电测仪测量结果比较。结果:CBCT(根管腔测量法;根长度测量法)的准确率分别是84.56%、91.91%,而RVG、根管长度电测仪的准确率分别是58.09%、86.03%。经统计学检验,CBCT测量的准确率与根管长度电测仪差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),RVG测量与其他两种方法的准确率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:CBCT与根管长度电测仪测量磨牙根管工作长度的准确率均较高,但各有其优缺点,CBCT可作为临床根管测量方法的一种有效的补充,而在RVG图像上测量根管长度的准确率不高。 相似文献
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基于位移设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究(I):拟静力试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过拟静力试验研究了基于位移设计钢筋混凝土桥墩的抗震性能。利用基于位移抗震设计方法和桥梁抗震规范方法设计了各2根和1根1:2.5比例钢筋混凝土桥墩试件,对低周反复荷载作用下试件试验破坏形态、承载力、位移延性、滞回耗能、刚度退化等方面进行了比较分析,可以认为基于位移设计的钢筋混凝土桥墩能够达到预期的延性抗震要求,并且在相对耗能能力(与理想弹塑性模型相比)、刚度退化性能方面与现行规范抗震设计方法设计的桥墩相当。试验表明建议的钢筋混凝土桥墩基于位移的抗震设计方法是实际可行的。 相似文献
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湿地植物种类和生长方式对根际酞酸酯及其单酯代谢物分布特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取天津大学校内两个相邻的小型湖泊(青年湖和爱晚湖)为研究对象,研究了湿地植物种类(芦苇和香蒲)和生长方式(单生和混生)对根际酞酸酯(PAEs)及其单酯代谢物(PAMs)分布特征的影响.结果显示:几乎所有的样品中都能检测到酞酸丁二酯(DBP)和酞酸二异辛酯(DEHP)及其单酯代谢物(MBP和MEHP),并且DBP和DEHP的浓度比相应的单酯代谢物高1～2个数量级;沉积物和根样品中DEHP的浓度高于DBP;芦苇和香蒲根对DEHP的富集系数(RCF)大于DBP.当芦苇和香蒲单生时(即青年湖),芦苇根际沉积物中DBP和DEHP浓度≤香蒲根际沉积物的浓度,并且芦苇根的RCF值也小于香蒲.当芦苇和香蒲混生时(即爱晚湖),芦苇根际沉积物中DBP和DEHP浓度<香蒲根际沉积物的浓度,而芦苇根的RCF值≥香蒲根的RCF值,与青年湖中不同.青年湖香蒲根际沉积物中DBP和DEHP的浓度小于爱晚湖,而香蒲根的RCF值与此刚好相反.芦苇根对这两种PAEs的富集没有这种关系,可能是由于这两个湖中芦苇的生长状况不同,与香蒲混生时,芦苇的生长受到抑制.对PAEs的单酯代谢产物分析发现,沉积物中MBP/DBP>MEHP/DEHP.MEHP在根中的浓度多数情况高于MBP,表明MEHP比MBP具有较强的根富集能力.同种植物单生时,根中PAM浓度均≥混生. 相似文献
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目的:应用锥形束CT（CBCT）探讨根管治疗失败的原因。方法:选取在我所就诊的根管治疗失败病例122例,通过X线根尖片检查和CBCT检查,分析失败原因。结果:122例根管治疗失败病例中,根管欠充32例（26.23%）,根充不严密28例（22.95%）,遗漏根管23例（18.85%）,牙周牙髓联合病变16例（13.11%）,根管超充9例（7.38%）,冠渗漏7例（5.74%）,根折6例（4.92%）,根管侧穿1例（0.82%）。结论:技术操作原因造成的根管清理不彻底和根充封闭不严密是根管治疗失败的主要原因,牙周病损是影响根管治疗预后的重要伴发疾病。CBCT可以为根管治疗失败病因的判定提供有力依据,并对后续治疗方案的确定具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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Statistical analysis of data collected in field observations of river water quality in an urban area was used to recognize characteristic features of the distribution and relationships between concentrations of mineral nitrogen forms in polluted surface waters. The distribution of the relative mole fraction of nitrites in water is always unimodal, while other N forms can have bimodal distributions. Significant correlations between the concentrations of nitrites, nitrates, ammonium, and the total mineral nitrogen were found to exist in waters heavily polluted with nitrogen compounds. These correlations are interpreted based on a simple kinetic model of nitrification and denitrification processes. Denitrification processes are shown to play an important role in nitrogen balance in polluted waters. An estimate is proposed for the admissible level of river water pollution by nitrogen-containing compounds. 相似文献
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Vladimir S. Vetchfinskii Igor Túnyi Peter Vajda Svetlana. S. Solov’eva 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2013,57(1):118-137
The phenomena of the magnetic memory of rocks associated with paleointensity, paleotemperature, and paleostress are reviewed and discussed here. The methods for the determination of the paleointensity and the paleoconditions are described and discussed in terms of their sensitivity and applicability. The determination of paleoconditions (stress and temperature) is essential for understanding rock mineral formation and rock history. Such knowledge is applicable also in ore deposit geology and geophysics. The phenomena of the magnetic memory manifest themselves through the constriction and asymmetry in the hysteresis loops, as well as through a nonlinear pattern in the anhysteretic magnetization curve, both being due to the induced magnetic anisotropy. The pros and cons of some applied methods are reviewed. The superposition of several paleotemperatures (re-heatings of the rock) and/or paleostresses is studied also. Under certain conditions, a rock can remember information on several paleotemperatures (paleo-heating events), as well as the respective intensities of the geomagnetic field of the past. 相似文献
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王同利 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(3):22-26
如何准确测量环境剂量率是释光和电子自旋共振测年技术的关键之一.本文选择了几种环境剂量率的主要室内测量方法,对洛川黄土-古土壤这个典型的均匀剖面进行测量对比研究,同时检验Daybreak公司生产的厚源ZnS Alpha计数仪的测量精度. 相似文献
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The corporate purpose of Wismut GmbH is to decommission its former mining holdings and to rehabilitate the landscape and the environment. Sample taking and analysing the value of contaminants are necessary steps for the remediation of waste rock piles, the recycling of contaminated areas, controlled flooding of uranium mines. Main emphasis lies on the determination of heavy metals and radionuclides of natural decay chains of U‐238 and U‐235. Yearly about 60 000…70 000 determinations of radionuclides in waters were done. Facing this high output of determinations it is a permanent task for laboratory and quality management to ask: Are the results of different methods comparable to each other? Is there a preferred analytical technology? Which matrix influences exist? and What about the analytical costs? Answers to these important questions are given in this report. Summarizing our investigations done in the last few years it is possible to say that – by using different analytical methods the results of radionuclides in water samples (surface or groundwater) are comparable, – a not negligible influence of Ra‐223, Ra‐224 and Ra‐228 may exist by using the DIN 38404 C18 method to determine Ra‐226, – a preferred method cannot be defined, – the choice of the analytical method should include analytical questions (the sample matrix, the occurrence of other disturbing radionuclides, the necessary detection limit) and economical questions (costs, other parameters to be determined). 相似文献
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Highly sensitive and selective methods for the determination of trace elements in waters and solutions are made possible by the combination of flotation and spectrophotometry (flotation spectrophotometry). The basis for it are multiply charged anion complexes of the analyte, which form sparingly soluble ion association complexes with singly charged basic dye cations in aqueous solution. Intense shaking of the aqueous solution with an organic solvent (having a low dielectric constant) results in the accumulation of these ion association complexes at the interface or on the vessel walls (flotation step). After separating the ion association complexes from the liquid phases, they are dissolved and dissociated in a polar organic solvent and the absorbance of the basic dye ions is measured as a function of the concentration of the analyte. By the example of the trace determination of arsenic in natural water, the possibilities of analytical chemistry by combination of flotation steps and spectrophotometry are demonstrated. According to the arsenic content, its determination can be performed by flotation spectrophotometry with crystal violet (detection limit 50 ng/ml As), by an indirect determination of arsenic via flotation spectrophotometry of molybdenum in the dodecamolybdoarsenic acid (detection limit 1 ng/ml As) or by the combination of collector precipitation of arsenic with zirconium hydroxide followed by froth flotation and flotation spectrophotometry as the determination technique (detection limit 0.05 ng/ml As). The reproducibilities of these variants are indicated and their accuracy is checked by comparison of methods. 相似文献
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Abstract The methods of simple and disjunctive kriging are applied and compared in the estimation of optimum locations of recording raingauges as part of a network for the determination of storm characteristics to be used in forecasting and design. Some advantages are shown but problems arise when there are large differences in storm structures and movements. Another source of uncertainty is in the modelling of the semi-variogram. Application is made to the management of an area of the Severn-Trent water basin, UK, with 13 autographic raingauges. 相似文献
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The new German standard specification DIN 32645 defines detection, identification and determination limit of analytical experiments and contains formulas for their calculation. The detection limit is a qualitative value, only at the determination limit a quantitative statement is possible. The identification limit is no limit of decision for analyses. The expenditure for calculating these parameters is considerable. Therefore, a computer program was developed and tested at the analysis of herbicides with GC-MS after enrichment with solid phase extraction (SPE). It proved that the program is also very useful at the development of analytical methods, because it allows a quick examination of changes of the analytical method. After optimization detection limits for the herbicides were achieved which amount 10–20% of the limit of the German drinking water regulation. 相似文献
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Guitart C García-Flor N Dachs J Bayona JM Albaigés J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(9-10):961-968
The sea surface microlayer (SML) may play an important role on the transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment. In order to evaluate the appropriateness of a number of sampling devices for the analysis of 14 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-5 aromatic rings), marine SML waters were sampled using a glass plate, a rotating drum/roller, a metal screen and a surface slick sampler. The underlying waters were also sampled for the determination of the corresponding enrichment factors (EF = [C](microlayer)/[C](underlying water)). The EFs were phase dependent, ranging from 1 to 3 for the dissolved phase and between 4 and 7 for the particulate phase. In order to better assess the performance of the different sampling methods, in terms of phase partitioning, the truly dissolved and colloidal phases were also estimated. Generally, no significant differences were found for the enrichment factors provided by the different methods, due to the observed large variability in concentrations that can be attributed to small-scale coastal processes. However, the metal screen is recommended as the most efficient sampling method for the study of PAHs taking into account the amount of water collected versus time. 相似文献
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在玉昆铁路柿花树隧道不良地质发育的洞段进行红外探水工作期间,常用的分析方法有时无法预判掌子面前方是否存在隐伏水体或含水构造。为了提高红外探水短距离预报的准确率,用模糊聚类法将掌子面测点场强的数据分类,根据开挖传递的地质信息,研究模糊聚类结果的变化规律、突水风险与岩体破碎程度之间的关系。实践证明,模糊聚类法和常用分析方法的结合,使红外探水取得了较好的预判效果。 相似文献