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1.
利用门源气象站1982～2005年农业气象观测资料,经统计分析得出:0～50cm土壤贮水量对油菜产量的形成所产生影响为负效应;1982～2005年间土壤贮水量以14.8mm/10a的速率下降;气候变化使油菜生育期内0～50cm土壤贮水量缓慢减少,有利于油菜产量形成,从而有利于门源地区油菜基地的发展。 相似文献
2.
利用青海高原上两个不同海拔高度区农业气象观测站1980—2007年的观测资料,就低海拔地（民和）和高海拔地（诺木洪）的气候变化及其对春小麦生长发育和产量的影响差异进行研究。结果显示：28年来民和和诺木洪两站均存在变暖趋势,且高海拔地区的线性增暖幅度大于低海拔地区。春小麦对气候变暖的响应表现在低海拔地区播种期提前,成熟期基本没有变化,生育期延长,产量下降;高海拔地区播种期推迟,成熟期提前,生育期缩短,产量波动较大。春小麦生长期内日平均气温每升高1℃,高海拔地区春小麦生育期缩短11.7 d,而低海拔地区无显著变化。分蘖期是两地小麦生育时期变化的转折点,是环境与群体的“缓冲者”。 相似文献
3.
春小麦抗旱种子包衣剂技术试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 试验结果与分析1 .1 种子包衣剂对春小麦出苗和苗期生长的影响通过对 1 994～ 1 996年试验地春小麦出苗情况进行对比分析 ,种子包衣剂对春小麦出苗好坏的影响 ,与播种期土壤墒情好坏及播种后 3月下旬～ 4月中旬的降水量多寡有关。播种期 0～ 30ｃｍ土壤相对湿度 <35 %、播种后 3月下旬～ 4月中旬降水量不足 1 5 .0ｍｍ的年份 ,如 1 994年种子包衣剂对春小麦出苗具有抑制作用 ,以至不能出苗 ;播种期0～ 30ｃｍ土壤相对湿度达到 45 %以上 ,3月下旬～ 4月中旬降水量达 2 0ｍｍ以上的年份 ,包衣剂才对春小麦出苗具有促进作用 ,可使春小麦出… 相似文献
4.
土壤水分条件对冬小麦生长发育及产量构成影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过2011-2013年中国气象局固城生态环境与农业气象试验站冬小麦种植试验,利用冬小麦不同生育期土壤湿度、根长密度、株高、绿叶面积和产量等资料,研究不同土壤水分条件对河北固城冬小麦生长发育和产量构成的影响。结果表明：2011-2012年固城站冬小麦0-50 cm土壤相对湿度>50%为冬小麦适宜土壤湿度。2012-2013年固城站冬小麦各生育期0-80 cm土壤相对湿度<55%时,尽管80-120 cm土壤相对湿度为55%-80%,但冬小麦根系和产量构成要素均较小。冬小麦各生育期0-80 cm土壤相对湿度为55%-70%时,冬小麦根系总量最多,则冬小麦生长发育最好,产量构成要素均较好,总产量最高。冬小麦各生育期0-120 cm土壤相对湿度<55%时,冬小麦根系总量最小,且根系集中分布的深度也较浅,总产量最小。冬小麦各生育期0-120 cm土壤相对湿度>80%时,冬小麦根系总量较多,但总体产量比0-80 cm土壤相对湿度为55%-70%时低。 相似文献
5.
阴山北麓农牧交错带农业气候及其变化特征——以武川县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析阴山北麓农牧交错带武川县1960-2006年温度、降水等农业气候要素变化特征,结果表明：（1）武川县热量和水分资源短缺,气候要素变率大,农业气候资源条件差;（2）增温趋势明显,生长期延长,对热量要求较高的作物生长发育有益;（3）降水量减少,降水目数减少,变率增加,但变化均不明显,短时间内不会对农业生产造成影响。 相似文献
6.
基于2000—2006年 (2004年缺)6年MODIS每8 d的总生产力资料以及我国农业气象观测站点牧草的物候观测资料, 定量分析了我国北方农牧交错带植被以及牧草生长特征。结果表明:我国北方农牧交错带植被的年均GPP (Gross Primary Productivity, 总初级生产力) 从2000—2006年呈现出波动性的变化特征, 年平均值为234.45 g C · m-2。对该地区植被的GPP与同期气候要素的分析显示, 气温是影响该地区植被生长的主要气候因素, 降水其次。对牧草物候期的GPP分析表明, 不同地区牧草的物候期对应的GPP值不同; 牧草在开花期时GPP最大, 在出苗期和黄枯期时GPP相对较小, 但是同一地区牧草的出苗期和黄枯期GPP值相差不大。 相似文献
7.
根据新源县气象站1982—2018年冬小麦生育期、产量及同期气温、降水、日照时数资料,采用线性回归、pearson相关系数、3 a直线滑动平均等统计方法,研究了近37 a来新源县冬小麦对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近37 a来新源县冬小麦冬前生育期显著推迟,返青至乳熟期显著提前,春、夏季生育期提前主要受3月上、中旬气温影响。出苗—越冬开始期显著缩短、乳熟—成熟期显著延长,其它各生育期间隔无显著变化,全生育期缩短是由播种期显著推迟造成的。冬小麦气候产量与营养生长期的气象要素显著相关。播种期显著推迟导致冬前的热量积累不足,建议播种期提前10 d左右,利于形成壮苗。 相似文献
8.
气候变化对小油菜生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以青海省门源县为例,分析小油菜生育期气候变化规律.观测资料表明,小油菜生育期气温升高,气候变暖,4～8月降水量以每10年1.64～20.70 mm的幅度下降,9月降水以每lO年20.16 mm的幅度增加;气候变暖使小油菜播种期提前,成熟期推迟,生育期延长,为提高气候资源利用率和单位面积产量提供了保证;增温对各发育阶段的影响差异明显,除出苗至现蕾间发育进程加快外,其余各发育期生长发育出现迟缓变化;气候产量主要受4、6月和年平均气温及6月降水的影响. 相似文献
9.
10.
《干旱气象》2021,(2)
利用1981—2015年内蒙古典型草原牧草观测站土壤水分和气象观测资料,对比分析不同时间尺度气象干旱指数与各季节0～20、0～50、0～100 cm深度土壤相对湿度的相关性,探究多时间尺度气象干旱指数在典型草原干旱监测中的适用性,并基于多元回归分析构建各站点不同季节土壤相对湿度的预测模型。结果表明:春、夏、秋三季,内蒙古典型草原0～20 cm土壤相对湿度均主要受前2个月水分盈亏的影响,而0～50 cm和0～100 cm的土壤相对湿度不同季节受影响的时间尺度不同。其中,春季0～50 cm和0～100 cm的土壤墒情受年尺度降水影响最显著;夏季,0～50 cm土壤墒情与前2个月内大气水分平衡状况相关性最高,而0～100 cm土壤干旱则主要受前2～6个月尺度降水亏缺影响最明显;秋季,0～50 cm土壤相对湿度受前3～6个月尺度降水异常影响最显著,而0～100 cm土壤相对湿度则与前3个月尺度的降水和蒸散间的平衡状况关系最密切,且前6个月以上尺度的气象干旱也存在明显影响。CI、MCI和PDSI因考虑大气水分长期亏缺和近期亏缺的综合效应,与各季节不同深度土壤相对湿度的相关性总体高于其他气象干旱指数。基于前期气象干旱指数构建的土壤相对湿度预报模型能够较好地拟合典型草原土壤水分的变化,为当地牧草干旱监测和预警提供一定参考。 相似文献
11.
Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980 s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China(NC).The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day(10 yr)~(-1). Moreover, while the vegetative growth period(VGP) shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period(RGP) prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period(WGP) of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator(APSIM)-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC.Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat.Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages(i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP) of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures(cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments) could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity. 相似文献
12.
Combined impact of climate change,cultivar shift,and sowing date on spring wheat phenology in Northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China (NC). The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day (10 yr)?1. Moreover, while the vegetative growth period (VGP) shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period (RGP) prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period (WGP) of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC. Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat. Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages (i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP) of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures (cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments) could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity. 相似文献
13.
利用1982—2020年三江平原19个国家气象观测站土壤湿度及同期降水、气温数据, 基于相关系数和自相关系数统计方法, 分析了黑龙江省三江平原土壤湿度记忆性及与降水、气温之间的关系。结果表明: 春、夏季三江平原土壤湿度记忆时间均在10—40 d, 各层土壤湿度记忆性的空间分布以中间层(10—20 cm)土壤湿度平均记忆时间最长, 呈上下层递减的趋势; 春季三江平原10—20 cm土层土壤湿度的记忆时长平均20 d, 夏季平均17 d; 夏季土壤湿度记忆性强度大于春季, 空间分布以三江平原西部的记忆性较强, 随着土层的增加土壤湿度记忆性有增大的趋势。降水是三江平原土壤湿度主要来源, 受降水和气温协同作用的影响, 夏、秋季土壤湿度与同期降水量、温湿指数均存在显著的正相关关系; 春季土壤湿度与前期秋冬季降水亦呈显著正相关, 与前期温湿指数呈负相关, 前期秋冬季气温的升高会促进土壤的融冻, 从而使当年春季土壤水分增加。 相似文献
14.
A. Liakatas 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1997,58(1-2):43-56
Summary The effects of water regime on the rate of growth, the growing period and the yield of a winter wheat crop in the summer-dry climate of Aegean Islands are examined. It is shown that wheat growing period is significantly restricted by either, unfavourable weather conditions at planting (coinciding with the start of rains), or by early soil moisture depletion at the end of the wet season. The probability of a successful early planting, which is conditional on a considerable pre-planting rainfall not being following by a long (10-day) dry spell, is estimated by recurrence relationships. Farmers on the driest (south) islands will have a 25% risk for unsuccessful planting before November 14. Evapotranspiration rates, estimated by the Penman-Monteith equation, are optimum for crop growth for about two months after wintering. The growing season on average comes to an end by the end of spring (soon after anthesis), when the available soil moisture. (estimated by a simple water balance equation) drops to zero.The water shortage, especially during the grains-filling period, may reduce yields by up to 75%, depending on the length and severity of the soil moisture deficit at the site. Reliability and distribution of rainfall suggest that the risks of water deficits in rainfed cropping vary across the region. In order to minimise yield losses from crop failures, farmers should adjust areas sown each year according to the date when the wet season starts.With 10 Figures 相似文献
15.
甘肃黄土高原地温与冬小麦发育期的关系分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用黄土高原代表站甘肃省庆阳西峰站1971～2005年5、10、15、20 cm地温和1981～2005年冬小麦发育期资料,分析了地温的时间变化规律及对冬小麦发育期的影响.结果表明,西峰10 cm地温除夏季外,其余季节呈持续升高的趋势.地温与冬小麦发育期成负相关,与冬季地温相关最显著的是乳熟期,相关系数为-0.57～-0.65,与春季地温相关最显著的是返青期,相关系数为-0.60～-0.63.冬季典型年份各平均发育期差异最显著的是冬小麦的起身期提前了15 d,春季典型年份最显著的是冬小麦的全生育期提前了23 d. 相似文献
16.
Adaptation to a warming-drying trend through cropping system adjustment over three decades: A case study in the northern agro-pastural ecotone of China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Long-term field monitoring data and historical crop data are useful to assess the impacts of climate change and to manage cropping systems.The objectives of this study are to understand the cropping system response to a warming-drying trend in the northern agro-pastural ecotone(NAE)of China and to document how farmers can adapt to the warming-drying trend by changing cropping system structure and adjusting planting date.The results indicate that a significant warming-drying trend existed in the NAE from 1980 to 2009,and this trend significantly decreased crop(spring wheat,naked oat,and potato)yields.Furthermore,the yield decreased by 16.2%-28.4%with a 1℃increase in maximum temperature and decreased by 6.6%-11.8%with a 10%decrease in precipitation.Considering food security,water use efficiency,and water ecological adaptability in the semi-arid NAE,cropping system structure adjustment(e.g.,a shift from wheat to potato as the predominant crop)and planting date adaptation(e.g.,a delay in crop planting date)can offset the impact of the warming-drying trend in the NAE.Based on the successful offsetting of the impact of the warming-drying trend in the NAE,we conclude that farmers can reduce the negative effects of climate change and minimize the risk of crop failure by adapting their cropping system structure at the farming level. 相似文献
17.
气候变暖对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦生产的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对宁夏引黄灌区10个观测站1961-2004年春小麦生长发育期（3月上旬至7月上旬）的气温进行分析,结果表明：宁夏引黄灌区春小麦生长期的气候明显变暖。t检验结果表明,春小麦生长发育期日平均气温的突变发生在1989年,突变后的气温比突变前升高了0.7℃。在春小麦生长发育各阶段,气温都有所升高,但没有超出春小麦生长发育的适宜温度范围。引黄灌区春小麦的温度敏感系数在3月中旬至4月上旬及5月上旬至6月上旬为正值,这两个时段的气候变暖有利于春小麦生产;6月中旬至7月上旬及4月中下旬温度敏感系数为负值,这两个时段的气候变暖不利于春小麦生产。总体而言,气候变暖对春小麦单产的贡献为-2.6%。 相似文献
18.
气候变暖对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦生产的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对宁夏引黄灌区10个观测站1961-2004年春小麦生长发育期（3月上旬至7月上旬）的气温进行分析,结果表明：宁夏引黄灌区春小麦生长期的气候明显变暖。t检验结果表明,春小麦生长发育期日平均气温的突变发生在1989年,突变后的气温比突变前升高了0.7℃。在春小麦生长发育各阶段,气温都有所升高,但没有超出春小麦生长发育的适宜温度范围。引黄灌区春小麦的温度敏感系数在3月中旬至4月上旬及5月上旬至6月上旬为正值,这两个时段的气候变暖有利于春小麦生产;6月中旬至7月上旬及4月中下旬温度敏感系数为负值,这两个时段的气候变暖不利于春小麦生产。总体而言,气候变暖对春小麦单产的贡献为-2.6%。 相似文献
19.
Coupling of a Regional Climate Model with a Crop Development Model and Evaluation of the Coupled Model across China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jing ZOU Zhenghui XIE Chesheng ZHAN Feng CHEN Peihua QIN Tong HU Jinbo XIE 《大气科学进展》2019,36(5):527-540
In this study, the CERES(Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis) crop model was coupled with CLM3.5, the land module of the regional climate model RegCM4. The new coupled model was named RegCM4_CERES; and in this model, crop type was further divided into winter wheat, spring wheat, spring maize, summer maize, early rice, late rice,single rice, and other crop types based on each distribution fraction. The development of each crop sub-type was simulated by the corresponding crop model separately, with each planting and harvesting date. A simulation test using RegCM4_CERES was conducted across China from 1999 to 2008; a control test was also performed using the original RegCM4. Data on crop LAI(leaf area index), soil moisture at 10 cm depth, precipitation, and 2 m air temperature were collected to evaluate the performance of RegCM4_CERES. The evaluation provided comparison of single-station time series, regional distributions,seasonal variations, and statistical indices for RegCM4_CERES. The results revealed that the coupled model had an excellent ability to simulate the phonological changes and spatial variations in crops. The consideration of dynamic crop development in RegCM4_CERES corrected the wet bias of the original RegCM4 over North China and the cold bias over South China.However, the degree of improvement was minimal and the statistical indices for RegCM4_CERES were roughly the same as the original RegCM4. 相似文献