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海河流域作为中国水资源最为紧张的流域,其水资源对气候变化非常敏感.以海河流域中受人类活动影响较小的伊逊河流域为对象,基于海河流域未来气候变化研究成果构建了20种气候变化情景,应用具有物理机理的分布式流域水文模型模拟了不同气候变化情景下的流域水循环情景,对气候变化对伊逊河流域水资源量的影响进行了分析,结果表明气温升高1℃将使流域内3.8mm的径流转化为蒸散发,降水的增加将使流域的蒸发和径流都有所增加,其中新增降水50%转化为蒸发,30%转化为径流.同时径流和蒸散发对于高温和强降水更为敏感.未来气候变化的不确定性使未来水资源量的变化也有很大的不确定性,在以升温为主、降水变化存在很大不确定性的情况下,伊逊河流域天然径流量可能进一步衰减. 相似文献
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海河流域水资源极为短缺,河川径流下降显著,定量识别径流变化成因对于科学认识流域水循环演变机理、支撑水资源开发利用具有重要的科学意义和实际价值。基于模型参数区域化技术构建了海河流域可变下渗容量（VIC）模型,重构了流域天然河川径流序列。建立了气温变化、降水变化、下垫面变化和取用水四元要素驱动的河川径流变化归因定量识别技术体系,分析了4种因子在海河流域河川径流减少中的贡献。结果表明:①1956—2010年,人类活动是海河流域河川径流减少的主要原因,但是气候变化的影响不可忽略,其中气候变化的贡献约为1/3,人类活动的贡献约占2/3;气候变化中,降水下降的贡献远大于气温升高的影响,分别约为30%和4%;人类活动中,取用水的影响大于下垫面变化的影响,分别约为55%和11%。②海河流域4个水资源二级区的河川径流变化成因相比,从北向南气温升高的影响减小,降水减小的影响增大,海河北系和海河南系的取用水影响较大,滦河流域径流变化时间较晚,徒骇马颊河径流变化程度最小。 相似文献
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气候变化下的水资源脆弱性和适应性管理研究成为全球和国家应对气候变化和保障水资源安全重点关注的问题,也是中国可持续发展面对的重大战略问题。介绍了水资源脆弱性和适应性管理的国内外最新研究进展;针对国家重大需求和国际科学前沿问题,综述了气候变化下水资源脆弱性和适应性管理存在的问题与挑战。提出了气候变化下水资源脆弱性与适应性管理理论与方法研究以应对气候变化的无悔为准则,与社会经济可持续发展、成本效益分析、利益相关者的多信息源的分析与综合决策相结合为原则,对适应性管理与脆弱性组成的互联互动系统及其风险与不确定性进行分析的新认识。 相似文献
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人类活动与气候变化是影响流域水资源演化、水文循环规律的两大关键性因素。以浑河流域为例,通过分析CMIP5公布的气候模式相关性和相似性,选取5种典型模式并分别计算不同排放情景下的降水和气温,建立产汇流特性水文模型分析模拟浑河流域水资源及其演化规律。结果显示:在未来30年浑河流域水资源量呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,并增加了汛期水量的提升概率;枯季水资源量在高排放情景下呈现出降低的变化趋势,浑河流域水资源时程分配在未来更加不均衡,温室气体的排放将进一步加剧这种不均匀态势。 相似文献
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流域水资源演化与气候变化和人类活动紧密相关,气候变化与人类活动的加剧极大地改变了流域水文循环。通过相似性和独立性分析,从CMIP5公开发布的47个气候模式中筛选出5个代表性气候模式,然后计算未来高、中、低3种不同排放情景下的气温和降水,构造符合研究区产汇流特性的水文模型,计算洞庭湖流域水资源量并分析其演化规律。结果表明:不论温室气体排放水平如何,洞庭湖流域水资源量在未来60a呈现增加态势,汛期水量增加概率加大,而在高排放情景下枯季水资源量表现为减少趋势;未来洞庭湖流域水资源的时程分配将更趋不均匀化,而温室气体的持续排放将使其变化加剧。 相似文献
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针对高强度人类活动作用下海河流域水循环的"自然-人工"二元特性,开发了流域二元水循环模型(简称"二元模型").二元模型由分布式流域水循环模型(WEP)、水资源合理配置模型(ROWAS)和多目标决策分析模型(DAMOS)3个模型耦合而成.针对各模型的优势与不足,提出了两层耦合的技术路线,以实现统筹考虑水资源、宏观经济与生态环境的流域水资源综合管理分析的功能.WEP、ROWAS和DAMOS分别采用11752个、125个和8个计算单元对海河流域进行划分,在获取各类输入参数后,应用二元模型对海河流域进行了分析计算与模型验证.结果表明,所建立的二元模型对径流过程、入海水量以及地下水流场等均具有合理的模拟精度,模型得到验证,可望用作海河流域水资源规划与管理的情景分析工具. 相似文献
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湿地是流域水循环和水量平衡的重要调节器,在维护流域水量平衡、减轻洪旱灾害和应对气候变化等方面发挥极其重要的作用。流域湿地水文调蓄功能是湿地生态水文学研究的重要内容,科学认识和理解流域湿地水文调蓄功能对流域湿地恢复保护、水资源综合管控与应对气候变化具有极其重要的意义。本文阐述了流域湿地水文调蓄功能的概念与内涵,剖析了流域湿地水文调蓄功能时空变异性、阈值性和多维性三大特征及其影响因素（包括湿地土壤特性、植被特征和初始水文条件等内在因素和流域特征、降雨特征、气候变化和人类活动等外在因素）,探讨了流域湿地不变情景下和变化情景下水文调蓄功能评估方法,并介绍了流域湿地水文调蓄功能定量评估模型与应用情况。最后,从学科发展和实践需求的视角提出了流域湿地水文调蓄功能未来亟需加强研究的重点方向。 相似文献
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海河流域地下水资源保护 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
韩再生 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(1):25-28
地下水资源在海河流域至关重要的资源。海河平原的浅层和深层含水层大面积处于严重超采状态。地下水资源的的过量开采造成了严重环境问题。为了保护地下水资源，评价了可行的技术。利用洪水和废水进行人工回灌已进行了试验。在很多地区可以应用地表回灌系统，城市地区实施深层含水层的回灌。更好地策略是减少地下水的抽取量，特别是为了减缓地面沉降和海水入侵。应该联合运用减少地下水抽水量和人工回灌，以解决地下水位持续下降和含水层恢复的问题。 相似文献
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He Jun Yang Xiao-Hua Li Jian-Qiang Jin Ju-Liang Wei Yi-Ming Chen Xiao-Juan 《Natural Hazards》2014,75(2):199-217
Meteorological droughts can affect large areas and may have serious environmental, social and economic impacts. These impacts depend on the severity, duration, and spatial extent of the precipitation deficit and the socioeconomic vulnerability of the affected regions. This paper examines the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological droughts in the Haihe River basin. Meteorological droughts events were diagnosed using daily meteorological data from 44 stations by calculating a comprehensive drought index (CI) for the period 1961–2011. Based on the daily CI values of each station over the past 50 years, the drought processes at each station were confirmed, and the severity, duration and frequency of each meteorological drought event were computed and analyzed. The results suggest the following conclusions: (1) the use of the CI index can effectively trace the development of drought and can also identify the duration and severity of each drought event; (2) the average drought duration was 57–85 days in each region of the Haihe River basin, and the region with the highest average values of drought duration and drought severity was Bohai Bay; (3) drought occurred more than 48 times over the study period, which is more than 0.95 times per year over the 50 years studied. The average frequencies of non-drought days, severe drought days and extreme drought days over the study period were 51.2, 3.2 and 0.4 %, respectively. Severe drought events mainly occurred in the south branch of the Hai River, and extreme drought events mainly occurred in the Shandong Peninsula and Bohai Bay; (4) the annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the Haihe River basin show decreasing trends over the past 50 years. The frequency of severe drought and extreme drought events has increased in the past 20 years than during the period 1961–1990. The results of this study may serve as a reference point for decision regarding basin water resources management, ecological recovery and drought hazard vulnerability analysis.
相似文献13.
Spatiotemporal variation of meteorological droughts based on the daily comprehensive drought index in the Haihe River basin,China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Jun He Xiao-Hua Yang Jian-Qiang Li Ju-Liang Jin Yi-Ming Wei Xiao-Juan Chen 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(2):199-217
Meteorological droughts can affect large areas and may have serious environmental, social and economic impacts. These impacts depend on the severity, duration, and spatial extent of the precipitation deficit and the socioeconomic vulnerability of the affected regions. This paper examines the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological droughts in the Haihe River basin. Meteorological droughts events were diagnosed using daily meteorological data from 44 stations by calculating a comprehensive drought index (CI) for the period 1961–2011. Based on the daily CI values of each station over the past 50 years, the drought processes at each station were confirmed, and the severity, duration and frequency of each meteorological drought event were computed and analyzed. The results suggest the following conclusions: (1) the use of the CI index can effectively trace the development of drought and can also identify the duration and severity of each drought event; (2) the average drought duration was 57–85 days in each region of the Haihe River basin, and the region with the highest average values of drought duration and drought severity was Bohai Bay; (3) drought occurred more than 48 times over the study period, which is more than 0.95 times per year over the 50 years studied. The average frequencies of non-drought days, severe drought days and extreme drought days over the study period were 51.2, 3.2 and 0.4 %, respectively. Severe drought events mainly occurred in the south branch of the Hai River, and extreme drought events mainly occurred in the Shandong Peninsula and Bohai Bay; (4) the annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the Haihe River basin show decreasing trends over the past 50 years. The frequency of severe drought and extreme drought events has increased in the past 20 years than during the period 1961–1990. The results of this study may serve as a reference point for decision regarding basin water resources management, ecological recovery and drought hazard vulnerability analysis. 相似文献
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Groundwater resources protection and aquifer recovery in China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Zaisheng Han 《Environmental Geology》2003,44(1):106-111
The groundwater resources in China and especially the northern part represent a vital water resource. Both the shallow and deep aquifers are highly overexploited in a large area of north China. The heavy overexploitation of groundwater resources is causing major environmental damage. To protect groundwater resources, several technical feasibility studies were performed. Artificial recharge using floodwater and wastewater was tried. Surface spreading systems are applicable in many areas of the Yellow River basin and Hai River basin. Deep aquifer injections were undertaken in the urban area. A far better strategy is to reduce the extraction of groundwater, especially to stop or slow down land subsidence and seawater intrusion. To address the problem of falling groundwater levels and aquifer recovery, there is a need reduce groundwater extraction and artificial recharge. 相似文献
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The Río Artiguas basin in central Nicaragua shows a distinctive case of environmental deterioration due to anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals used in gold mining and other wastes are continuously released into the rivers, representing a threat to the water quality. This article aims to evaluate the groundwater intrinsic vulnerability in the Río Artiguas basin and to provide information for sustainable use of water resources. The DRASTIC and GOD methods were used to analyse the relative pollution potential within the basin. DRASTIC was modified to include the degree of influence that geological structures have on the vulnerability. Moderate vulnerability areas cover most of the basin along stream valleys and lowlands, increasing downstream in the basin. The resulting vulnerability maps show that the limited groundwater resources are susceptible to surface water pollution as high vulnerability areas converge along the river valleys. 相似文献
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Evaluation of aquifers vulnerability to contamination in the Yarmouk River basin, Jordan, based on DRASTIC method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The existing different human activities and planned land uses put the groundwater resources in Jordan at considerable risk. There are evidences suggesting that the quality of groundwater supplies in north Jordan is under threat from a wide variety of point and non-point sources including agricultural, domestic, and industrial. Vulnerability maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for groundwater contamination on the basis of hydrogeological conditions and human impacts. DRASTIC method incorporates the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control groundwater movement: depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (R), lithology of the aquifer (A), soil texture (S), topography (T), lithology of vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The main goal of this study is to produce vulnerability maps of groundwater resources in the Yarmouk River basin by applying the DRASTIC method to determine areas where groundwater protection or monitoring is critical. ArcGIS 9.2 was used to create the groundwater vulnerability maps by overlaying the available hydrogeological data. The resulting vulnerability maps were then integrated with lineament and land use maps as additional parameters in the DRASTIC model to assess more accurately the potential risk of groundwater to pollution. The general DRASTIC index indicates that the potential for polluting groundwater is low in the whole basin, whereas the resulting pesticide DRASTIC vulnerability map indicates that about 31% of the basin is classified as having moderate vulnerability, which may be attributed to agricultural activities in the area. Although high nitrate concentrations were found in areas of moderate vulnerability, DRASTIC method did not depict accurately the nitrate distribution in the area. 相似文献
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基于海河流域“96·8”洪水,挖掘沧州市洪水资源利用潜力,因地制宜地建立洪水资源利用系统,弥补资源性缺水问题。并制定洪水资源利用措施及相关的洪水资源利用风险模式,探讨区域洪水资源利用的新途径,使洪水资源利用达到安全、高效运行。 相似文献
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Water cycle includes natural water circulation and social economic system water cycle. The concept of virtual water provides a new method and means for studying social water circulation. This paper is based on the theory of water circulation in social and economic system, using input-output analysis method quantitatively describes the Tarim River basin of social water cycle paths and analysis of water resources management in Tarim River basin sustainable development process of the key issues. The results show that the main sectors of virtual water export in the Tarim River Basin are agriculture, petroleum, natural gas and food industry. Agricultural water accounts for more than 98% of total water consumption, most of which is transferred to the food and textile industries, and the food industry export water from the agricultural sector. Shandong Province is the largest virtual water transport area in the Tarim River Basin. The main sector of virtual water input in the Tarim River Basin is the metallurgical industry. Finally, in view of the problems arising from the inter-industrial and inter-regional social water circulation in the Tarim River basin, the paper puts forward the ways and strategies of regulating agricultural and industrial water use in the Tarim River Basin. 相似文献
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为探讨河西地区内陆河径流对气候变化的响应, 选取1955-2008年石羊河、黑河和疏勒河的河流流量资料进行计算和分析. 结果表明: 50多年来, 石羊河年径流总体呈明显下降趋势, 黑河呈略有增加趋势, 疏勒河呈明显增加趋势, 地域上呈现愈往西部的河流年径流量增加愈明显. 三大河流进入1990年代后有下降趋势, 进入21世纪均有明显增多趋势. 三大河流径流对气候变化有不同响应, 石羊河流域主要受季风气候影响, 气候变暖, 蒸发加剧, 水分散失量大, 是造成径流减少的主要原因;黑河和疏勒河流域主要受西风带环流影响, 径流增多的重要原因是气候变暖降水明显增多. 为减缓气候变化对流域水资源利用的不利影响, 在分析三大内陆河流量对气候变化响应特征的基础上, 提出了适应性水资源管理的建议. 建议应提高水资源利用效率;改变生产方式, 调整农业种植业结构与布局;加大祁连山自然保护区建设, 搞好水资源可持续利用;积极开发祁连山丰富的空中云水资源、哺育祁连山冰川等流域适应性水资源管理对策, 对流域进行综合治理与开发利用, 这些措施和对策将为流域水资源开发提供科学依据. 相似文献
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本文在梳理流域地下水资源评价现状及历史的基础上,讨论了水资源评价方法和分区原则,将珠江流域划分为129个四级地下水系统,以地下水系统为评价单元,在充分考虑不同水文地质参数的基础上,分析评价地下水资源量及存在的问题,讨论珠江流域三级阶地不同水流运动特征,阐述了评价的精度以及水利工程对地下水循环的影响。通过本次评价,珠江流域地下水天然资源量1374.16亿m~3,可开采量为578.7亿m~3,开发利用率仅10.01%。珠江流域跨度较大,水动力特征迥异:上游云贵高原深切峡谷区、中游桂中峰丛洼地区、下游冲洪积平原区,据不完全统计,珠江流域蓄水量大于100万m~3的水库32座,水利工程的修建以及水库对水资源调蓄和分配给地下水资源评价带来一定困难,不同部委对地表水和地下水概念上的分歧导致二者间流域边界不一致以及流域水资源评价结果的差异,为此提出了解决问题的建议,以期为地下水开发利用与治理保护服务。 相似文献