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1.
老挝东泰钾盐矿床地球化学及其沉积后变化初步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
呵叻高原是世界上最大的钾盐沉积矿床分布区之一,研究区位于呵叻高原北部的沙空那空盆地东部边缘,钻探资料揭示该地区钾盐资源相当可观。该含盐建造包含上、中、下3个盐段,每个盐段都由一套蒸发岩_碎屑沉积旋回组成,钾盐层主要赋存于下盐段上部。剖面和地层学分析表明,研究区盐构造类型为低结构低成熟度的盐背斜构造,盐体几何形态为一低结构低成熟度的盐背斜,盐背斜轴部矿层厚度较两翼矿层厚得多。岩盐中微量元素Br、K含量及Br×1 000/Cl系数的变化指示成盐卤水经过了阶段性的浓缩和淡化过程,并且成盐作用越来越弱。ZK04孔较低的Br含量〔w(Br)=18×10〈sup>-6〈/sup>〕表明下膏盐层在成盐过程中受到了非海相流体的影响。中膏盐层基底石盐中高K低Br特征表明,下膏盐层残余高浓度卤水影响了其成盐过程,并且该基底石盐很可能又经历了溶解和重结晶过程。 相似文献
2.
克拉通古陆表海盆中的固体钾盐矿床占居全球钾盐资源总量的90%以上,其中最典型的2个巨型钾盐矿床是加拿大萨斯喀彻温和俄罗斯涅帕。为探究华北奥陶纪古陆表海盆的成钾可能性,对比分析了国内外同类型盆地的成钾条件,结果表明:萨斯喀彻温泥盆纪钾盐矿床的形成主要表现为巨量海水在稳定克拉通预备盆地的持续蒸发浓缩,进而迁移至相对活动的亚稳定构造区汇聚成钾盐矿床,其上覆盖着红层沉积,其成钾模式概括为"泪滴式";俄罗斯涅帕寒武纪钾盐矿床的形成过程总体表现为半封闭巨型蒸发台盆接受巨量海水的多次补给并持续蒸发浓缩,富钾卤水最终汇聚于受同沉积断裂控制的深坳中,形成巨型钾盐矿床,钾盐层系上覆为膏岩或灰岩等淡化沉积层,其钾盐成矿模式概括为"牛眼式"。华北奥陶纪古陆表海盆与形成上述2大典型钾盐矿床的盆地具有十分相似的构造古地理和古气候环境条件,且在华北西部的陕北盐盆已钻获厚1.22 m的钾石盐矿层和厚达64.7 m的钾石盐高矿化段,根据盆地特殊地质条件,建立了陕北奥陶纪盐盆的"复底锅"成钾模型。笔者认为,华北奥陶纪古陆表海盆完全可能形成一定规模的海相固体钾盐矿床,并对其中最有希望的陕北盐盆的钾盐资源潜力和找钾前景进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
3.
老挝他曲地区石盐流体包裹体特征、氢氧同位素组成及成盐物质补给方式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对老挝他曲地区钻孔中石盐流体包裹体特征、类型以及氢氧同位素组成进行了研究,用以重塑盆地成盐过程中的古环境,并在此基础上对盆地成盐物质的补给方式进行了探讨。结果显示,钻孔中塔贡组下盐段原生石盐岩主要包括人字形和漏斗形晶体两种类型。其中人字形石盐晶体在下盐段中广泛发育,漏斗形晶体数量较少,但通常与人字形石盐晶体产于同一层位,指示了下盐段沉积时盆地处于一种极浅水环境。石盐原生流体包裹体氢氧同位素组成明显偏离全球大气降水线,集中分布于其右下方,反映盆地成盐过程中处于强烈蒸发条件之下。氢氧同位素组成在纵向上的变化,可能揭示了在盐湖演化至钾盐沉积阶段大气温度具有升高趋势。白垩纪中期全球海平面达到极大值,而在呵叻盆地内部,持续的坳陷和强烈的蒸发作用将导致湖平面快速下降。这样,外海与盐盆之间则会产生水位差,由此产生的水力梯度将为外海海水通过障壁向盆地方向进行渗透提供潜在的动力。此外,早白垩世呵叻高原广泛发育的沙漠沉积,则为外海海水大规模的侧向渗透进入盐盆提供了可能的通道。因此,结合现有的资料,本文提出,除海侵补给外,外海通过障壁侧向渗透补给对老挝钾盐盆地成盐物质的供给也具有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
位于藏滇印支地槽褶皱系南段印支中间地块呵叻高原北部沙空那空盆地东南缘的农波盆地在古新世发生3次沉积旋回,钾盐矿体主要产于第一沉积旋回形成的下岩段膏盐岩层上部,第二、第三沉积旋回沉积成盐时期较短、盐类矿产沉积厚度较薄,未形成工业意义的钾盐矿体,只在局部地段形成了钾盐矿化.龙湖矿区钾盐矿矿石类型主要为钾石盐矿、光卤石矿,钾... 相似文献
5.
泰国呵叻高原钾盐矿床沉积特征及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 笔者于1979年3—4月间参加了泰国呵叻高原钾盐矿床考察。回国后对泰国赠送的资料和部分实物标本进行了初步分析和研究,加深了对该矿床的认识。本文的目的在于进一步阐明矿床物质成分和沉积特征,并对矿床的形成条件提出初步分析,以补充国内有关泰国钾盐矿床报导之不足。 相似文献
6.
非洲下刚果盆地钾盐矿床特征、沉积旋回与沉积模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
下刚果盆地位于西非大陆边缘,形成于南美大陆与非洲大陆裂开初期,大西洋打开之时,在早白垩世形成了巨型钾盐矿床。文章在盆地内布谷马西矿区钻孔的岩芯编录的基础上,结合岩相学、地球化学和沉积韵律等研究,探究钾盐矿床沉积特征和盆地内蒸发岩沉积旋回,并总结了矿床沉积模式。下刚果盆地总体较平缓,西南低,北东高,自盆地边缘向中部,沉积厚度逐渐增大,钾盐矿床赋存于下白垩统Aptian阶蒸发岩系中。蒸发岩系主要由石盐岩与光卤石岩互层构成,局部夹(含水氯镁石)溢晶石岩、石膏岩和黑色碳质页岩夹层。矿床由多层水平_近水平层状矿体组成,单层矿体厚度几米至几十米,矿层比较稳定,延续范围广,主要矿层——光卤石层累计厚度超过100 m。主要矿石类型为光卤石型,仅局部为钾石盐型。矿石品位高,KCl平均品位为16.49%。成盐盆地在早白垩世只有一个成盐期,含盐系即为Ⅰ级韵律;根据沉积特征,又可划分为8个Ⅱ级盐韵律和若干个Ⅲ级盐韵律。整个成盐期总体沉积环境较稳定,未出现蒸发岩序列中断,但受地面的沉降变化和海水周期性灌入的影响,出现了石盐与光卤石的韵律互层沉积。下刚果盆地内蒸发岩沉积序列与正常的海相蒸发岩不同,底部缺乏碳酸盐和硫酸盐地层,指示其成钾物质来源于经过一定程度蒸发浓缩的古海水。在上述研究的基础上,结合成盐期盆地岩相古地理与构造条件,总结出下刚果盆地裂谷型钾盐矿床沉积模式。 相似文献
7.
试论古代异常钾盐蒸发岩的成因：来自柴达木盆地的佐证 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文根据察尔汗盐湖现代钾盐沉积区补给水的化学组成和沉积物岩芯中原生石盐流质包裹体的氢氧同位素组成,研究了钾盐卤水的形成和钾盐蒸发岩的沉积模式。论述了古代异常钾盐蒸发岩可能是或部分是非海相成因的。 相似文献
8.
老挝中部沙湾拿吉盆地晚白垩世钾盐蒸发岩:非海相输入的地球化学证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
老挝中部沙湾拿吉盆地上白垩统农波组钾盐蒸发岩是研究区域成矿卤水演化的重要材料。盐类矿物中微量元素的含量及其变化特征共同揭示了成盐物质应该主要来自海水,但深部水的补给也具有重要作用。研究结果表明,所谓的含盐系"基底"硬石膏只是水-岩作用下下盐层底部溶滤后的残余物。光卤石中偏负的δD、δ18O值及Br的海相特征则指示了该矿物是浓缩海水混合大气水后蒸发的产物,陆相水对成矿卤水演化过程产生了一定影响。农波组下盐层蒸发岩可分为3个不同的演化阶段。(1)海相输入阶段:海水进入成盐盆地,石盐大量沉积,海侵作用早期具有明显的波动性而后期较稳定;该阶段末期发生了海相输入向陆相输入的转变,陆相输入在水文封闭和收缩的成盐盆地中逐渐占据主导地位,卤水组分因深部水输入而发生变化。(2)非海相输入及混合卤水蒸发阶段:混合卤水蒸发形成钾盐,光卤石沉积过程中发生了一次轻微的卤水淡化事件。(3)沉积后改造阶段:已沉积的光卤石岩在陆相水淋滤作用下转变为钾石盐岩,钾石盐是光卤石被交代后的次生矿物。系统的微量元素和氢氧同位素分析表明,非海相输入在成矿卤水演化及沉积后的改造过程中扮演了重要角色。 相似文献
9.
老挝甘蒙省晚白垩世农波组下段孢粉分析及成钾时代 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
老挝含盐地层农波组成盐及成钾时代的研究对于阐明整个呵叻盆地的演化规律和钾盐矿床成因有着重要意义。在农波组的年代学问题上,国内外学者还存在着很大的分歧。本文通过对老挝甘蒙省文泰矿区ZK012钻孔钾盐层上覆泥岩的孢粉分析,结果表明其孢粉组合Classopollis-Ephedripites-Exesipollenites,结合Callistopollenites、Normapolles、Cicatricosisporites、Clavatipollenites、Asteropollis等特征分子的发现,我们将该孢粉组合时代定为晚白垩世的土伦期-桑顿期;孢粉及沉积相所反映的气候环境为干旱炎热的热带-亚热带环境。同时,通过对同区域的ZK309钻孔对比分析,该钻与ZK012钻孔具有相似的沉积序列,钻孔底部出现的蒸发岩与砂岩的不整合面,标志着一次构造运动,呵叻湖盆边缘隆升封闭,使卤水在这种较大的圈闭构造内得以留存,并在持续干旱炎热的气候条件下沉积了巨厚的钾盐矿床。 相似文献
10.
成矿系统理论将矿床视为动态演化的自然系统,矿床从发生、形成到发展的整体演变过程及其控制机制是该理论的研究核心,“源、运、储、变、保”是该理论剖析矿床成因的五个基本着眼点。东南亚呵叻高原超大型钾盐矿床作为我国海外钾肥生产基地的标志性成功案例,其成矿系统研究不仅关乎该矿床成因认识的深度及其开发利用的广度,同时对中国东特提斯域内找钾工作具有重要指导作用。本文拟基于前人的研究成果,借助成矿系统理论,运用动态的整体思维对呵叻高原钾盐矿床成因研究现状进行梳理,探讨时间维度下呵叻高原钾盐矿床“源、运、储、变、保”成矿要素的表现特征及存在的科学问题,初步提出固体可溶性钾盐矿床成矿系统的研究思路构架,以期为全球钾盐矿床深入研究提供一定借鉴。 相似文献
11.
东特提斯域思茅盆地钾盐成矿研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
思茅盆地位于东特提斯域,其内的勐野井钾盐矿是我国唯一的前第四纪固体钾盐矿,长期以来对此钾盐矿与呵叻巨型钾盐盆地的资源量差异和成因存在着有较大争议。特别是如下几个问题:其钾盐成矿时代是晚白垩世和古新世,还是侏罗纪的争议;其物质来源还存在陆源,海源和多源的不同认识;矿床成因机理模式也悬而未决。本文在前人研究基础上,结合项目组的最新进展,对上述这些问题的进行梳理与评述认为:勐野井组地层为晚白垩世Albian-Cenomanian期,同沉积的原生钾盐也是在此时期富集成矿;钾盐成矿后期特别是约14Ma以来,受到多期次的热液流体作用,形成次生脉状钾盐:钾盐成矿物质可能以中特提斯洋侵入的海水为主,辅以陆源水体和深部流体。总结认为,思茅与呵叻等盆地在晚白垩世都是干旱沙漠环境中彼此隔绝的小湖盆,随着中特提斯洋海水自西向东的入侵,海水由思茅流向了呵叻,形成了统一的思茅-呵叻海,这个模型可以解释有关成钾物源及思茅与呵叻盆地的成钾关系。思茅盆地钾盐矿的形成和后期变化始终受到了构造活动的控制,经历了最初断陷阶段,到沉积后期受印度-欧亚大陆碰撞导致的挤压和走滑运动影响。 相似文献
12.
《China Geology》2020,3(1):67-82
The giant potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau is one of the most promising targets for exploitation of potassium salts. So far, many researches and geologic survey have been conducted on the giant potash deposits. Hence, it is necessary to make an overall review on the potash deposits. The potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau was formed during the Middle to Late Cretaceous, during which seawater was enriched in Ca2+ and depleted in SO42- compared with those of modem seawater. In addition to seawater, continental water and hydrothermal fluids could have affected the evaporite basins. The seawater was probably derived from Tethys ocean, and the brine should have evaporated to some extent before entering into the basin systems based on the evidence of absence of carbonates and unproportionate sulphate compared with chloride salts. The paleo-climate during Middle to Late Cretaceous was characterized as high temperature and extremely arid environment, which is favourable for deposition of potassium-magnesium saline minerals. The major saline minerals are of anhydrite, halite, camallite, sylvite and, tachyhydrite, with trace amounts of borates. The resources of the potash deposit on the Khorat Plateau could be approximately as much as 400×109 t of camallite and 7×109 t of sylvite. The evaporite sequences have been deformed and altered by postdepositinal processes, including tectonic movements and chemical alteration. Salt domes were formed in the postdepositional processes. Based on the analyses of geophysical surveys and drilling projects, high-quality sylvinite ores are commonly found at the flanks of those salt domes due to incongruent dissolution of camallite. The future potential prospecting areas for the high-quality sylvinite ores would be on the edges of the Khorat Plateau. 相似文献
13.
Diagenetic origin of Basal Anhydrite in the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham salt: Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohamed El Tabakh B. Charlotte Schreiber Cherdsak Utha-Aroon Lee Coshell & John K. Warren 《Sedimentology》1998,45(3):579-594
Development of a diagenetic anhydrite bed at the base of the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham Saline Formation (the `Basal Anhydrite' member) of the Khorat Plateau in north-eastern Thailand took place due to leaching and/or pressure dissolution of salt at the contact between an underlying active sandstone aquifer system and an overlying massive halite-dominated evaporite sequence. Basal evaporites composed of halite with intercalated anhydrite of the latter sequence are undergoing dissolution as a result of subsurface flushing, with anhydrite produced as the insoluble residue. The result is a 1·1 m thick interval of nodular anhydrite displaying unique, basin-wide continuity. Observed textures, petrographic features and chemical data from the anhydrite and associated authigenic minerals support the origin of the Basal Anhydrite Member as an accumulation residue from the dissolution of the Maha Sarakham salts. Petrographically, the anhydrite in this unit is made up of crystals that are blocky and recrystallized, sheared, generally elongated and broken, and is bounded at the bottom by organic-rich stylolite surfaces. Authigenic and euhedral dolomite and calcite crystals are associated with the anhydrite. Traces of pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite are present along the stylolite surfaces suggesting supply of fresh water from the underlying sandstone at highly reducing conditions of burial. The δ34S of sulphate in the Basal Anhydrite averages 15 ‰ (CDT) and falls within the isotopic composition of the anhydrite in the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham Formation proper and the Cretaceous values of marine evaporites. Measured δ18O in dolomite range from ?4·37 to ?14·26‰ (PDB) suggesting a re-equilibration of dolomite with basinal water depleted in 18O and possible recrystallization of dolomite under relatively elevated temperatures. The δ13C, however, varies from +1·57 to ?2·53‰ (PDB) suggesting a contribution of carbon from oxidation of organic matter. This basal anhydrite bed, similar to basinwide beds found at the bottom of many giant evaporite sequences, has always been considered to be depositional. Here, at the base of the Maha Sarakham Formation, we demonstrate that the anhydrite is diagenetic in origin and was formed by accumulation of original anhydrite by dissolution of interbedded halite from waters circulating though the underlying aquifer: it represents an `upside-down' caprock. 相似文献
14.
泰国、老挝和越南白垩纪沉积全属非海相,它们广泛分布于泰国北部、东北部、西南部和南部,老挝北部、中部和南部,越南东北部、西北部、中部和南部。泰国南部的白垩纪地层分为Lam Thap,Sam Chom和Phun Phin组;其他地区,特别是西北部的呵叻高原地区的白垩系属呵叻群的Phra Wihan,Sao Khua,Phu Phan,Khok Kruat,Maha Sarakham及Phu Thok组。在老挝,万象盆地的白垩系由老挝呵叻群的NamSet,Phu Phanang,Ban Ang,Champa和Ban Thalat组与丰洪群的Thangon和Saysomboun组组成;沙湾拿吉(东兴)盆地的白垩系由南通(河)群的Nam Phouan,Nam Xot,Nam Noy和Nong Boua组组成。越南的白垩系在西北部分为Nam Na,Yen Chau,Van Chan和Ngoi Thia组,东北部为Ban Hang组,中部分为NhaTrang,Mu Gia和Dong Dzuong组,南部则为Phu Quoc组。三国白垩系的岩性普遍以红棕色至浅灰色砂岩、砾(岩质)砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和砾岩为主。泥岩中具有钙质结核和硅结砾岩,但盐和石膏仅见于Maha Sarakham,Saysomboun和Yen Chau组内。过去,这些白垩纪地层的生物地层没有经过详细研究。根据地层层序和化石对比,在泰国东北部呵叻高原和南部半岛地区及老挝南部沙湾拿吉(东兴)盆地中识别出了2个标记非海相白垩纪的类三角蚌类化石组合:阿普特期(但可上延至阿尔必期)的Trigonioides(Trigonioides)kobayashi-Plicatounio(Guangxiconcha)suzukii组合,阿普特阿尔必期(但主要为阿尔必期)的Trigonioides(Diversitrigonioides)diversicostatus-Pseudohyria subovalis组合。越南中部可能也产早白垩世阿普特阿尔必期的类三角蚌类双壳类Plisatouniosp.-Trigonioidessp.组合。通过双壳类组合,并结合包括孢粉和恐龙在内的其他化石的对比,泰国北部和南部、老挝南部和越南中部的非海相白垩纪地层得到了定年和对比,从而揭示了东南亚非海相白垩纪盆地的演化历史。 相似文献
15.
思茅盆地与呵叻盆地属于同一大地构造带。二者的含钾盐建造在区域分布、沉积特征、成盐层位、析盐矿物组合特征及物质来源等方面具有良好的可比性,是中国海相找钾实现突破的重要潜在区之一。尽管目前对两地钾盐矿的成矿认识取得了许多进展,但对于二者的关系和成矿模式及规律等还存在着较大争议。为了下一步更好地建立思茅盆地钾盐矿的成矿规律和实现深部找钾的突破,本文从构造背景、地层年代、古气候环境和物质来源等方面对最近一些重要进展和认识做了梳理,现已确定:(1)思茅陆块与印度支那陆块在中生代可能为统一的整体,思茅与呵叻盆地基本位于副热带高压带内,在晚三叠世、中—晚侏罗世和晚白垩世具有较好的成盐成钾构造和古气候条件;(2)思茅和呵叻盆地在含钾盐及其下伏地层沉积期间可能具有相似的潜在物源区,包括扬子、松潘—甘孜、可可西里、义敦、北羌塘和南羌塘陆块等;(3)思茅与呵叻盆地钾盐矿的成钾物质主要来自陆源水体,同时也有海水和深部热液补给;(4)思茅和呵叻盆地含钾盐地层的年代部分重叠,但不完全吻合;(5)勐野井钾盐矿与呵叻钾盐矿可能系非同期矿床。综合构造和气候等证据,推测思茅盆地在约85.0 Ma这一呵叻钾盐矿成矿的时段就可能具有了重要的成钾潜力。 相似文献
16.
The evaporites on the Khorat Plateau comprise one of the largest potash deposits in the world, and their origin has long been a controversial problem. Based on boron isotope measurements from borate as a good indicator to distinguish marine and nonmarine evaporites, the borates of potash layers were identified and the results were used to indicate the source of evaporites in the study area as representative of the whole Khorat Plateau. The results show that the main borates include boracite and hilgardite. The boracites occur as crystals and ooids with minor amounts of hilgardite aggregates. The range of δ11B values is from +21.30‰ to +32.94‰ (averaging +29.74‰) and falls in the range of marine borates. The δ11B values in the potash layer are seemingly variable because of the influence of fluvial influx when salts were precipitating. Although the composition of seawater has possibly been modified, the evidence from boron isotopic composition implies that the evaporites in the study area or in the whole Khorat Plateau are marine deposits. 相似文献
17.
《Sedimentary Geology》1999,123(1-2):31-62
Evaporites of the Cretaceous to early Tertiary Maha Sarakham Formation on the Khorat Plateau of southeast Asia (Thailand and Laos) are composed of three depositional members that each include evaporitic successions, each overlain by non-marine clastic red beds, and are present in both the Khorat and the Sakon Nakhon sub-basins. These two basins are presently separated by the northwest-trending Phu Phan anticline. The thickness of the formation averages 250 m but is up to 1.1 km thick in some areas. In both basins it thickens towards the basin centre suggesting differential basin subsidence preceding or during sedimentation. The stratigraphy, lithological character and mineralogy of the evaporites and clastics are identical in both basins suggesting that they were probably connected during deposition. Evaporites include thick successions of halite, anhydrite and a considerable accumulation of potassic minerals (sylvite and carnallite) but contain some tachyhydrite, and minor amounts of borates. During the deposition of halite the basin was subjected to repeated inflow of fresher marine water that resulted in the formation of anhydrite marker beds. Sedimentary facies and textures of both halite and anhydrite suggest deposition in a shallow saline-pan environment. Many halite beds, however, contain a curious `sieve-like' fabric marked by skeletal anhydrite outlines of gypsum precursor crystals and are the product of early diagenetic replacement by halite of primary shallow-water gypsum. The δ34S isotopic values obtained from different types of anhydrite interbedded with halite range from 14.3‰ to 17.0‰ (CDT), suggesting a marine origin for this sulphate. Bromine concentration in the halite of the Lower Member begins around 70 ppm and systematically increases upward to 400 ppm below the potash-rich zone, also suggesting evaporation of largely marine waters. In the Middle Member the initial concentration of bromine in halite is 200 ppm, rising to 450 ppm in the upper part of this member. The bromine concentration in the Upper Member exhibits uniform upward increase and ranges from 200 to 300 ppm. The presence of tachyhydrite in association with the potassic salts was probably the result of: (1) the large volumes of halite replacement of gypsum, on a bed by bed basis, releasing calcium back into the restricted waters of the basin; and (2) early hydrothermal input of calcium chloride-rich waters. The borates associated with potash-rich beds likely resulted from erosion and influx of water from surrounding granitic terrains; however, hydrothermal influx is also possible. Interbedded with the evaporites are non-marine red beds that are also evaporative, with displacive anhydrite nodules and beds and considerable amounts of displacive halite. The δ34S isotopic values of this anhydrite have non-marine values, ranging from 6.4‰ to 10.9‰ (CDT). These data indicate that the Khorat and Sakhon Nakhon basins underwent periods of marine influx due to relative world sea-level rise but were sporadically isolated from the world ocean. 相似文献
18.
云南江城勐野井组钾盐成矿时代及其古环境研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究云南江城勐野井组的成钾时代, 对于分析兰坪—思茅盆地与老挝沙空那空、呵叻盆地含盐系地层对应关系, 以及在云南开展钾盐找矿工作具有重要意义, 但勐野井组的地层学年代至今仍存在较大分歧。本文通过对江城宝藏乡泰裕矿区含盐系地层的孢粉分析, 得到孢粉组合: Psophophaera-Exesipollenites- Classopollis, 且发现单沟类Monocolpopollenites和三沟类Tricopite等被子植物花粉, 此被子植物花粉时代分别为晚巴列姆期—阿普第期和早、中阿尔必期。因此, 笔者将江城勐野井组钾盐成矿时代确定为阿普第期—阿尔必期; 同时, 孢粉反映矿区成盐期气候呈炎热干旱的热带-亚热带特征。 相似文献
19.
REN Qianhui DU Yongsheng GAO Donglin LI Binkai ZHANG Xiying LIU Xiuting YUAN Xiaolong 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):755-768
The Khorat Plateau on the Indochina Terrane is known to have formed during the closure of the Tethys Ocean, although the origin of its potash mineral deposits is a topic of current debate. Data from a borehole on Savannakhet Basin is used in this study to re-define the evaporation processes of the study area. Geochemical analyses of halite from various borehole-derived evaporite strata have elucidated the fluid sources from which these ores formed. Measured δ11 B indicated that ore deposits formed primarily due to evaporation of seawater, although non-marine fluids affected the later stages of the evaporation process. Fluctuations in B and Br concentrations in carnallite-and sylvite-rich strata indicate the influence of fresh water. Boron concentration in carnallite unit indicated the influence of hydrothermal fluids. From the relative timings of these various fluid influxes, the evolution of these evaporates can be divided into four stages:(1) an initial marine evaporation at the beginning of the deposit's formation, where seawater(and minor fresh water) trapped on the uplifted Khorat Plateau produced sediments and salts with Br contents lower than those of normal marine-derived evaporites;(2) a transgression stage, where seawater recharged the basin;(3) a hydrothermal infiltration stage, which was coeval with the late Yanshan movement; and(4) a stage of fresh water supply, as recorded by fluctuations in B and Br contents, inferring intermittent fresh water influx into the basin. Thus, although evaporites on the Savannakhet Basin primarily formed via marine evaporation, they were also influenced to a significant degree by the addition of non–marine fresh water and hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献