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1.
蚌埠隆起区中生代花岗岩的岩石成因：锆石Hf同位素的证据 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
对蚌埠隆起区中生代不同时期的花岗岩中6个岩体的锆石LA-MC-ICP MS原位Hf同位素的研究,据此限定它们的岩浆源区和重建华北克拉通东南部的构造格架。结果表明,中生代不同时期的花岗岩中岩浆锆石的初始Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t))可以分成两组:第一组的女山(130Ma)和西庐山花岗岩(130Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-18.4和-16.1;第二组的曹山(110Ma)、锥山二长花岗岩(110Ma)和蚂蚁山花岗岩(110Ma)以及淮光花岗闪长岩(130Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-22.3、-23.1和-21.1以及-28.1,这些岩浆锆石低的ε_(Hf)(t)值表明它们可能来源于古老的大陆下地壳。女山和西庐山岩体中早古生代—新元古代继承锆石具有低的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-2.3～-7.7)和1.52Ga～1.79Ga的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄,表明它们的岩浆源区主要以扬子克拉通下地壳物质为主。曹山、锥山和蚂蚁山以及淮光岩体中岩浆锆石的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.89Ga～2.58Ga,结合淮光岩体中古元古代继承锆石和3400Ma捕获锆石中低的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-5.7～-6.8,-0.6、-0.9)和古老的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄(2.44Ga～2.80Ga,3.7Ga),表明它们主要来源于华北克拉通下地壳物质的部分熔融。淮光和女山岩体中古元古代—新太古宙继承锆石中正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(0.3～6.7)以及高的ε_(Hf)(t)值(16.9～21.7)的存在,暗示形成这些古老继承锆石的初始物质中有幔源物质的涉入。蚌埠隆起区深部地壳中扬子克拉通基底物质的存在暗示扬子克拉通可能沿着郯庐断裂带向西或北西方向俯冲于华北克拉通之下。 相似文献
2.
本文报道了华北克拉通南缘鲁山县下汤地区早前寒武纪变质基底岩石的地球化学、锆石定年和Hf同位素组成。上太华岩群两个变质沉积岩样品的变质锆石年龄为1.91~1.93 Ga,由于变质作用强烈改造,碎屑锆石真正的形成年龄难以确定。碎屑锆石ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DMW(CC))(Hf)分别为-0.26~10.41和2244~2958 Ma。一个变质辉长闪长岩样品的捕获锆石年龄为2.32 Ga,变质锆石年龄为1.93 Ga。捕获锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-1.79~2.22和2695~2940 Ma。两个片麻状奥长花岗岩样品的岩浆锆石和变质锆石年龄分别为1.93 Ga和1.92 Ga,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-3.30~1.30和2481~2764 Ma。一个片麻状正长花岗岩样品的岩浆锆石和变质锆石年龄分别为1.93 Ga和1.92 Ga,岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2(CC))(Hf)分别为-3.67~2.40和2415~2788 Ma。结合地球化学和前人研究结果,可得出如下结论:(1)上太华岩群形成时代形成于古元古代早期;(2)进一步支持了该区存在约2.3 Ga岩浆作用的认识;(3)发现广泛分布的1.91~1.93 Ga壳源奥长花岗岩和正长花岗岩;(4)确定1.91~1.94 Ga变质作用在该区广泛发育。 相似文献
3.
北大别早白垩纪花岗岩类的Sm-Nd和锆石Hf同位素及其构造意义 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
大别造山带产出两期早白垩纪造山后花岗岩类:早期(≈132Ma)变形的角闪石英二长岩和斑状二长花岗岩具高钾的类埃达克岩的地球化学特征,形成于增厚地壳(>50km)的下地壳部分熔融;晚期(≈128Ma)未变形的花岗岩包括细粒二长花岗岩和钾长花岗(斑)岩,属于正常安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩系列岩石,它们形成于相对薄的地壳(<35km)的下地壳部分熔融。早期变形的花岗岩类中,角闪石英二长岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7066～0.7076,ε_(Nd)(t)=-20.3～-27.8,类似于扬子下地壳基性麻粒岩的Sr-Nd同位素特征,其中白垩纪岩浆锆石(≈132Ma)Hf同位素初始比值(ε_(Hf)(t))和两阶段Hf模式年龄(t_(DM2))分别为-29.30.5和303065Ma;我们认为角闪石英二长岩源于锆石Hf模式年龄约3.0Ga的基性下地壳部分熔融。早期斑状二长花岗岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7078～0.7083,ε_(Nd)(t)=-15.8～-20.0,类似于北大别英云闪长质-花岗质片麻岩的Sr-Nd同位素特征,其白垩纪岩浆锆石(≈132Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM2)分别为-24.80.5和274434Ma。我们认为宽状二长花岗岩源于约2.7Ga的中酸性下地壳部分熔融。晚期未变形的花岗岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7069～0.7105,ε_(Nd)(t)=-16.4～-22.1,类似于北大别英云闪长质-花岗质片麻岩的Sr-Nd同位素特征;其白垩纪岩浆锆石(≈128Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)具有较大的变化范围(-25.2～7.4),主要峰值为-22.5±0.5,次要峰值为-16.3±0.7,并有少量正的ε_(Hf)(t)值5.8～7.4,与ε_(Hf)(t)值对应的t_(DM2)分别为2600±40Ma、2211±68Ma和743±130Ma。我们认为晚期未变形的花岗岩源于锆石Hf模式年龄约2.6～2.2Ga的中酸性下地壳部分熔融,源区夹杂新元古代新生的陆壳。在大别造山带垮塌之前(>132Ma),增厚地壳(>50km)的下地壳存在双层结构:锆石Hf模式年龄约为3.0Ga的基性下地壳基底和约2.7Ga的中酸性(英云闪长质-花岗质)上部下地壳.在大别造山带伸展垮塌的晚期阶段(≈128Ma),减薄的下地壳(<35km)主要为锆石Hf模式年龄约2.6～2.2Ga的中酸性(英云闪长质-花岗质)岩石,并夹杂少量新元古代Rodinia超大陆裂解时形成的新生陆壳。 相似文献
4.
鞍山地区铁架山花岗岩及表壳岩的锆石SHRIMP年代学和Hf同位素组成 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
辽宁鞍山中太古代铁架山花岗岩是华北克拉通时代最古老、分布范围最大的富钾质花岗岩。具相对高钾(4.77～5.75%)低钠(3.16～3.52%)、强烈负铕负钡异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40～0.51,Ba/Ba*=0.15～0.26)的组成特征,且高t_(DM)(Nd) (3.42～3.38Ga),低ε_(Nd)(t)(-3.61～-2.51)。花岗岩样品A9837和A0433岩浆锆石年龄分别为2992±10Ma和2983±10Ma。结合前人定年结果,可把铁架山花岗岩主体形成时代限制在2.96～2.99Ga之间。另一花岗岩样品A9825岩浆锆石年龄为2914±4Ma,可能代表了铁架山花岗岩形成后局部深熔作用的时代。首次在铁架山花岗岩中获得残余锆石年龄,其最大达3759Ma。2个花岗岩样品(A9837,A9825)岩浆锆石的t_(DM)(Hf)和ε_(Hf)(t)分别为3.48～3.32Ga和-7.85～-2.29.残余锆石的t_(DM)(Hf)和ε_(Hf)(t)分别为3.89～3.47Ga和-19.5～-6.2。这些资料为铁架山花岗岩形成于古老陆壳物质再循环提供了直接证据。存在于铁架山花岗岩中的表壳岩主要为变质沉积岩,其地球化学组成特征与铁架山花岗岩类似。3个变质沉积岩样品(A9819,A0435,A0436)的碎屑锆石年龄大都为～3.0Ga,其中2个样品(A0435,A0436)的碎屑锆石ε_(Hf)(t)和t_(DM)(Hf)分别为-9.93～-2.29和3672～3297Ma,与铁架山花岗岩中的岩浆锆石类似。表明这些变质沉积岩形成于铁架山花岗岩之后,而不是以前认为的那样为铁架山花岗岩中的包体。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古阿拉善地区二叠纪曼德林乌拉岩体年龄、成因及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内蒙古阿拉善地块北缘及其邻区广泛出露早古生代—早中生代侵入岩,其时空分布、源区物质组成及成因对研究阿拉善北部地区构造演化乃至整个中亚造山带南缘晚期的演化具有重要意义。曼德林乌拉岩体位于阿拉善地块北部雅布赖-诺尔公-洪古尔玉林带西段,岩体以二长花岗岩为主,广泛发育岩浆暗色包体。这些镁铁质包体为岩浆结构,大多具有塑性外形,并具有多种不平衡结构和矿物组合,如斜长石环带、针状磷灰石等。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,曼德林乌拉二长花岗岩年龄为271±3Ma,花岗岩中发育的包体年龄为271±2Ma,表明该岩体形成于二叠纪,而非之前认为的中生代。二长花岗岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-18.4～-10.1,相应的二阶段Hf模式年龄为1.8～2.3Ga;暗色包体中的13颗二叠纪锆石相应的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-23.6～-9.1,相应的二阶段Hf模式年龄为1.7～2.5Ga。锆石Hf同位素特征表明,形成花岗岩和镁铁质暗色包体的这2种岩浆均来自以古老地壳物质为主的源区,这与东段诺尔公—红古尔玉林地区的中酸性侵入岩相同。曼德林乌拉岩体花岗质岩和镁铁质暗色包体的岩石学、地球化学及同位素研究表明,它们可能也具有岩浆混合成因。这为阿拉善地块北缘区域在二叠纪发生广泛的壳幔相互作用提供了进一步证据。 相似文献
6.
桂东南大容山-十万大山S型花岗岩带的成因：地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：11
本文报道桂东南大容山-十万大山花岗岩带浦北岩体(东北带)、旧州岩体(中部带)和台马岩体(西南带)全岩的主、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石的LAM-MC-ICPMS原位Hf同位素分析结果。岩石学及元素地球化学结果显示:上述三个岩体为典型S型花岗岩;高I_(Sr)(>0.721)和低ε_(Nd)(t)(-13.0～-9.9)意味着它们可能来自古老地壳的重熔。岩浆结晶(～230Ma)锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值主要集中在-11～-9,相应的T_(DM2)模式年龄为1.9～1.8Ga;少数结晶锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值逐渐升高到-4.5,T_(DM2)降低为～1.5Ga。捕获锆石(1681～384Ma)的的ε_(Hf)(t)值分布在-17.1～ 3.4,T_(DM2)主要集中在2.4Ga、1.9Ga和1.5Ga。大部分岩浆结晶锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值与根据"全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值和‘地壳Hf-Nd相关’预测值"基本一致,表明平均地壳存留年龄为1.9Ga的地壳是最重要的物源区。部分岩浆锆石与捕获锆石具有相同的T_(DM2)～1.5Ga,表明平均地壳存留年龄为1.5Ga的物源区参与了该花岗岩带的形成;由于缺少T_(DM2)>2.0Ga的岩浆锆石,少量平均地壳存留年龄为2.4Ga的再循环地壳物质参与了该花岗岩带的形成。因为缺少显著幔源特征的高ε_(Hf)(t)值锆石,本文认为地幔物质基本没有参与该S型花岗岩带的形成。 相似文献
7.
西秦岭碌础坝岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、成因及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
碌础坝岩体位于秦岭构造带的西段,自内向外依次由含电气石黑云二长花岗岩、含斑细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和中粒黑云母石英闪长岩组成,岩体中普遍发育岩浆暗色包体。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年显示,碌础坝岩体形成于早中生代,其岩浆演化可划分为中三叠世（235Ma）和晚三叠世（218～209Ma）两期。早期为中粒黑云母石英闪长岩,该期岩石SiO2含量较低,富碱,属于准铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,具有I型花岗岩的特征;晚期为黑云母二长花岗岩,具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质、钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。从早到晚,岩石的稀土元素总量具有由高到低的变化趋势,两期岩石的稀土元素配分曲线均为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型,晚期黑云母二长花岗岩更亏损HREE,早期闪长岩负铕异常不明显,晚期花岗岩的负铕异常较为显著。两期岩石均富集K、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损P、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。岩体中发育的岩浆暗色包体与寄主岩石的主要氧化物具有相关性,微量和稀土元素特征相似。岩体中黑云母二长花岗岩和中粒黑云母石英闪长岩的εNd(t)值分别为-8.0和-7.0,相应的tDM为1.43Ga和1.40Ga。早期中粒黑云母石英闪长岩的εHf(t)为-4.47～0.53,集中于-3～-1之间,tDMC主要为1.6～1.3Ga;晚期黑云母二长花岗岩的εHf(t)变化于-11.64～1.16,集中于-7～-2范围内,tDMC为1.7～1.4Ga。岩石地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素组成特征表明,碌础坝岩体的源区物质是以中元古代壳源物质为主,有年轻幔源组分的参与。该岩体与其北边的中川岩体在年代学、岩石地球化学和同位素组成上具有一定的相似性,因此,从岩浆作用角度考虑,该岩体的外围也可能与中川岩体的一样,具有金的成矿潜力。 相似文献
8.
山东中侏罗世-早白垩世侵入岩的锆石Hf同位素组成及其意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对山东中侏罗世-早白垩世侵入岩中锆石的原位Hf同位素分析显示,形成于晚太古代(上交点年龄～2.5Ga)的继承锆石具有正的ε_(Hf)(t)值( 8～ 1),Hf同位素模式年龄集中在2.6～2.8Ga,与辽宁古生代金伯利岩中基性下地壳捕虏体中锆石Hf组成和Hf模式年龄十分一致,Hf模式年龄也与研究区变质岩和花岗岩的全岩Nd模式年龄相同,因此,这些继承锆石来自于晚太古代由岩浆底侵形成的基性下地壳。新生锆石出现在继承锆石周围或者以独立颗粒出现,其U-Pb年龄为177Ma和132～126Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)值均为负值(-23～-1)。山东中生代侵入岩的形成与富集岩石圈地幔,亏损地幔和地壳三个端员之间的相互作用有关。其中根据来源于晚太古代下地壳的侏罗纪铜石二长花岗岩限定的研究区下地壳ε_(Hf)(t)平均值为-20,根据来源于富集岩石圈地幔的早白垩纪沂南辉长岩限定的富集地幔端员的ε_(Hf)(t)为-16。部分样品锆石ε_(Hf)(t)变化非常大(-20～-1),示踪了岩浆作用过程中亏损地幔物质的参与程度的逐渐增强。这种变化是华北晚中生代岩石圈大规模减薄作用的结果。 相似文献
9.
中川岩体位于秦岭造山带西段,岩体呈同心环状产出,由外向内岩性依次为似斑状黑云二长花岗岩→含斑黑云二长花岗岩→中细粒黑云二长花岗岩,岩体边部发育岩浆暗色包体,向内逐渐减少。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,似斑状黑云二长花岗岩、含斑角闪黑云石英闪长岩(岩浆暗色包体)、细粒黑云二长花岗岩、岩浆暗色包体(无斑)和细粒花岗岩脉的年龄分别为:(221±1)Ma(MSDW=0.26)、(220±1)Ma(MSDW=0.11)、(217±1)Ma(MSDW=0.11)、(216±1)Ma(MSDW=0.26)、(207±1)Ma(MSDW=0.29),表明岩体从边部到中心年龄逐渐变新。寄主岩石与暗色包体的里特曼指数和A/CNK值分别为2.20～3.85、0.99～1.15和2.24～9.22、0.75～1.08,两者分别为准铝质-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱系列和钾玄岩-高钾钙碱系列;稀土元素和微量元素均显示出富集LREE、Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损HREE、Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素的特征,具有弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.29～0.91),无Ce异常,寄主岩显示出I型花岗岩的特征,并且中心部位的细粒黑云二长花岗岩具高分异I型花岗岩的一些特征。在哈克图解上暗色包体和寄主岩石的主要氧化物具有良好的线性关系;在同位素组成上,寄主岩石与暗色包体的εNd(t)分别变化于-7.31～-8.73和-5.32～-5.69,TDM2分别变化于1.59～1.71 Ga和1.43～1.46 Ga,εHf(t)值分别为-7.02～-0.31和-3.0～0,TDM2为1.27～1.70 Ga和1.2～1.5 Ga,显示寄主花岗岩和岩浆暗色包体分别来源于不同源区,寄主岩石主要是古老地壳物质部分熔融的结果,岩浆暗色包体可能是来自岩石圈地幔,但与寄主花岗质岩浆已发生了一定程度的混合作用。岩体外围金矿床形成略晚于岩体,与花岗质脉岩年龄相近,空间上与岩体密切相关,结合前人成矿物质来源的研究,认为成矿物质与成岩物质具有相似性。表明该岩体与其周围的金矿具有成因联系,岩浆作用不仅提供了热能,也有物质贡献。 相似文献
10.
辽西北票蓝旗组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
辽西北票常河营子地区有中生代蓝旗组火山岩分布,其中上部安山质角砾熔岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄分析结果表明,其结晶年龄为159.4±3.4Ma,属晚侏罗世.锆石~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值介于0.282098～0.282789之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值为-20.4～+4.1,主体分布在华北克拉通地壳演化线之上,位于古元古代地壳演化范围内,所给出的亏损地幔年龄(t_(DM))和平均地壳模式年龄(t_(crust))分别为0.7～1.6Ga和0.9～2.5Ga.结合已发表蓝旗组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,我们认为安山质火山岩源于古老(如晚太古代)下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,其形成过程可能与中生代幔源岩浆底侵作用有关. 相似文献
11.
The Triassic granitoids in Central Tianshan play a key role in determining the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution on the southern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt. In this study, we present SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic and geochemical data on the Xingxingxia biotite granite, amazonite granite and granitic pegmatite in Central Tianshan, NW China. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded formation ages of 242 Ma for the biotite granite and 240 Ma for the amazonite granite. These granitoid rocks have high K2O with low MgO and CaO contents. They are enriched in Nb, Ta, Hf and Y, while being depleted in Ba and Sr, showing flat HREE patterns and negative Eu anomalies. They have typical A-type granite geochemical signatures with high Ga/Al (8–13) and TFeO/(TFeO + MgO) ratios, showing an A2 affinity for biotite granite and an A1 affinity for amazonite granite and granitic pegmatite. Zircon εHf(t) values of the granitoids are 0.45–2.66, with Hf model ages of 0.99–1.17 Ga. This suggests that these A-type granites originated from partial melting of the lower crust. We propose that Xingxingxia Triassic A-type granites formed under lithospheric extension from post-orogenic to anorogenic intraplate settings and NE-trending regional strike-slip fault-controlled magma emplacement in the upper crust. 相似文献
12.
中天山地块南缘两类混合岩的成因及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中天山地块是位于中亚造山带西南缘的西天山造山带的重要组成块体,其基底演化和构造亲缘性对恢复西天山的增生造山方式和大地构造格局具有重要意义。混合岩在中天山地块的高级变质地体中广泛分布,是揭示中天山地块基底演化和构造属性的窗口。本文通过开展锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素及岩石地球化学研究,确定了中天山地块南缘乌瓦门杂岩的两类条带状混合岩的原岩性质和形成时代以及混合岩化作用时代和成因机制。第一类条带状混合岩的原岩为中基性岩屑砂岩,混合岩化时代为～1. 8Ga,是在同期角闪岩相变质过程中通过变质分异形成的。第二类条带状混合岩的古成体包括黑云角闪斜长片麻岩和黑云斜长角闪片麻岩,原岩均形成于～2. 5Ga,并叠加～1. 8Ga角闪岩相变质作用,是洋陆俯冲背景下由俯冲洋壳或岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成。侵入古成体的变基性岩墙形成于～1. 72Ga,具有Fe-Ti玄武岩的地球化学特征,起源于后碰撞伸展背景下的软流圈地幔。该类混合岩的浅色体同时穿插古成体和变基性岩墙,呈现突变的野外接触关系,与区域内约787～785Ma混合岩化同期,即混合岩化作用是外来岩浆注入的结果,可能是造山带垮塌引发地壳深熔作用的产物。乌瓦门杂岩记录的～2. 5Ga岩浆活动、～1. 8Ga变质作用和～790Ma混合岩化作用可以和塔里木北缘进行对比,暗示中天山地块是一个具有确切新太古代-古元古代结晶基底的微陆块,并且和塔里木克拉通存在构造亲缘性。 相似文献
13.
华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿研究的重要进展和问题 总被引：62，自引：37，他引：25
本文简要总结了国家973计划项目"华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿"前4年取得的重要进展,包括提出了镁铁质岩石容矿的热液铜镍一贵金属矿床、浅成作用的概念,将热液成矿系统分为岩浆热液、变质热液和浅成热液三大系列;基于一批造山型银、铅锌、铜、钼等矿床的发现或识别,将造山金矿的概念和成矿分带模式拓展为造山型矿床;确定华北克拉通南缘和北缘均发生了印支期成矿事件,尤其是浆控高温热液型钼矿床;发现大陆内部浆控高温热液成矿系统以富CO_2、富钾、富氟为特征,不同于岛弧区同类矿床;挤压造山带的卡林型-类卡林型金矿成矿系统也以含CO_2-H_2O包裹体而区别于弧后盆岭省的同类成矿系统;发现中央造山带和中亚造山带在成矿类型、优势矿种等方面差异显著,缘于它们分别经历了弱增生-强碰撞和强增生-弱碰撞的造山作用;确定华北陆块及其陆缘造山带东部在燕山期大规模成矿,自西向东成矿年龄梯级变新,优势成矿类型和矿种不同,缘于太平洋板块作用叠合于造山带自身的演化;发现碰撞前的热液成矿系统均或多或少地遭受改造,甚至活化、再就位成另类矿床;在秦岭造山带新发现了1.9Ga和1.75Ga浆控热液钼矿床以及430Ma的造山型银金钼矿床,在兴蒙造山带新发现了泥盆纪造山型铜金矿床,据此预测了前中生代矿床的找矿潜力;提出矿床是地球动力学研究的探针,厘定秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带在120Ma之后的隆升剥蚀幅度总体小于10km,平均每年0.04mm,快速隆升剥蚀只能发生在130Ma之前;初步厘定古亚洲洋沿索伦-延吉缝合带自西向东闭合于260～250Ma,古特提斯洋北支最终闭合于220Ma;揭示华北克拉通对于Kenor、Columbia、Rodinia、Gondwana和Pangea超大陆事件均有响应,发现了拉马甘迪(Lomagundi)事件的碳同位素正向漂移现象,确定孔兹岩系主要形成于2.3Ga以后.提出急需加强研究的重要科学问题是大陆碰撞造山事件的起止时限和标志,前中生代成矿系统的识别和预测,燕山期大规模成矿的区域规律性和差异性,构造域叠合-转化过程的细节和机理. 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):801-822
The Central Tianshan terrane (CTT) is part of the southwestern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Since the collision between CTT and Tarim block marks the termination of the South Tianshan Ocean in the southwestern corner of the CAOB, the CTT is regarded as a key area for understanding the tectonic evolution of the CAOB. The Airikenqiken granitic pluton is located ~30 km to the northwest of Baluntai town in the eastern part of CTT. Here we report a zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age of 320.1 ± 3.3 Ma for the granite. Geochemically, the pluton is characterized by a high concentration of SiO2 (71.01–73.58 wt.%) and relatively low contents of MgO (0.28–0.5 wt.%), Cr (1–10 ppm), and Ni (~2 ppm). The rocks show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and significantly negative Nb, Ta, Ti, and P anomalies. Light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and slightly negative Eu anomalies are also displayed. Zircon εHf(t) values at ~320 Ma range from – 1.1 to +12.2. Our data suggest that the parental magma of the pluton was generated by partial melting of a thickened garnet-bearing, amphibolite facies lower crust. The magma was contaminated by ancient crustal components en route to the shallow crust. Together with the information from previous studies on the Central and South Tianshan Mountains, we propose that the Airikenqiken granite formed in a post-collisional setting and that the late Palaeozoic continental growth of CTT involved the input of juvenile components. 相似文献
15.
哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什斑岩铜矿地质与成矿背景研究 总被引：28，自引：18，他引：10
中哈萨克斯坦位于中亚造山带中部,是中亚型造山带及中亚斑岩铜矿成矿域的重要组成部分,已发现数十个大型和超大型矿床,成群成带分布。主要的斑岩铜矿类型有斑岩铜-金矿、斑岩铜矿、斑岩铜钼矿,大多具同期火山岩。已建立的热液蚀变分带模式具有碱性蚀变和酸性蚀变两个阶段,已有的硫铅同位素数据表明成矿物质来源于深部。该地区的斑岩铜矿形成与多阶段构造演化有关,早古生代的斑岩铜矿与岛弧演化的早阶段有关,而晚古生代的斑岩铜矿与泥盆纪火山—岩浆弧、石炭纪—二叠纪的火山—岩浆弧有关。从中哈萨克斯坦的北西向南东方向,斑岩铜矿的形成时代逐渐变年轻。虽然经过数十年的研究,但该地区的有关斑岩铜矿的精细时空结构仍未建立。因此,含矿斑岩体与蚀变矿化年龄的精确测定、区域成矿地球动力学背景及其演化、斑岩铜矿的精细时空结构、与中国邻区的构造—岩浆—成矿带的连接对比将是以后的研究方向。 相似文献
16.
Seismic Hazard and Loss Estimation for Central America 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
A new methodology of seismic hazard and loss estimation has been proposed by Chen et al. (Chen et al., 1998; Chan et al., 1998) for the study of global seismic risk. Due to its high adaptability for regions of different features and scales, the methodology was applied to Central America. Seismic hazard maps in terms of both macro-seismic intensity and peak ground acceleration (PGA) at 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years are provided. The maps are all based on the global instrumental as well as historical seismic catalogs and available attenuation relations. Employing the population-weighted gross domestic product (GDP) data, the expected earthquake loss in 50 years for Central America is also estimated at a 5' latitude × 5' longitude resolution. Besides the seismic risk index, a measure of the relative loss or risk degree is calculated for each individual country within the study area. The risk index may provide a useful tool to help allocations of limited mitigation resources and efforts for the purpose of reduction of seismic disasters. For expected heavy loss locations, such as the Central American capital cities, earthquake scenario analysis is helpful in providing a quick overview of loss distribution assuming a major event occurs there. Examples of scenario analysis are given for San Jose, capital of Costa Rica, and Panama City, capital of Panama, respectively. 相似文献
17.
Major porphyry Cu–Au and Cu–Mo deposits are distributed across almost 5000 km across central Eurasia, from the Urals Mountains in Russia in the west, to Inner Mongolia in north-eastern China. These deposits were formed during multiple magmatic episodes from the Ordovician to the Jurassic. They are associated with magmatic arcs within the extensive subduction–accretion complex of the Altaid and Transbaikal-Mongolian orogenic collages that developed from the late Neoproterozoic, through the Palaeozoic, to the Jurassic intracratonic extension. The arcs formed predominantly on the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean margin of the proto-Asian continent, but also within two back-arc basins. The development of the collages commenced when slivers of an older Proterozoic subduction complex were rifted from an existing cratonic mass and accreted to the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean margin of the combined Eastern Europe and Siberian cratons. Subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean beneath the Karakum and Altai-Tarim microcontinents and the associated back-arc basin produced the overlapping late Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic Tuva-Mongol and Kipchak magmatic arcs. Contemporaneous intra-oceanic subduction within the back-arc basin from the Late Ordovician produced the parallel Urals-Zharma magmatic arc, and separated the main Khanty-Mansi back-arc basin from the inboard Sakmara marginal sea. By the Late Devonian, the Tuva-Mongol and Kipchak arcs had amalgamated to form the Kazakh-Mongol arc. By the mid Palaeozoic, the two principal cratonic elements, the Siberian and Eastern European cratons, had begun to rotate relative to each other, “drawing-in” the two sets of parallel arcs to form the Kazakh Orocline between the two cratons. During the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous, the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean began subducting below the Siberian craton to form the Sayan-Transbaikal arc, which expanded by the Permian to become the Selanga-Gobi-Khanka arc. By the Middle to Late Permian, as the Kazakh Orocline continued to develop, both the Sakmara and Khanty-Mansi back-arc basins were closed and the collage of cratons and arcs were sutured by accretionary complexes. During the Permian and Triassic, the North China craton approached and docked with the continent, closing the Mongol-Okhotsk Sea, an embayment on the Palaeo-Pacific margin, to form the Mongolian Orocline. Subduction and arc-building activity on the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean margin continued to the mid Mesozoic as the Indosinian and Yanshanian orogens.Significant porphyry Cu–Au/Mo and Au–Cu deposits were formed during the Ordovician in the Kipchak arc (e.g., Bozshakol Cu–Au in Kazakhstan and Taldy Bulak porphyry Cu–Au in Kyrgyzstan); Silurian to Devonian in the Kazakh-Mongol arc (e.g., Nurkazgan Cu–Au in Kazakhstan and Taldy Bulak-Levoberezhny Au in Kyrgyzstan); Devonian in the Urals-Zharma arc (e.g., Yubileinoe Au–Cu in Russia); Devonian in the Kazakh-Mongol arc (e.g., Oyu Tolgoi Cu–Au, and Tsagaan Suvarga Cu–Au, in Mongolia); Carboniferous in the Kazakh-Mongol arc (e.g., Kharmagtai Au–Cu in Mongolia, Tuwu-Yandong Cu–Au in Xinjiang, China, Koksai Cu–Au, Kounrad Cu–Au and the Aktogai Group of Cu–Au deposits, in Kazakhstan); Carboniferous in the Valerianov-Beltau-Kurama arc (e.g., Kal’makyr–Dalnee Cu–Au in Uzbekistan; Benqala Cu–Au in Kazakhstan); Late Carboniferous to Permian in the Selanga-Gobi-Khanka arc (e.g., Duobaoshan Cu–Au in Inner Mongolia, China); Triassic in the Selanga-Gobi-Khanka arc; and Jurassic in the Selanga-Gobi-Khanka arc (e.g., Wunugetushan Cu–Mo and Jiguanshan Mo in Inner Mongolia, China). In addition to the tectonic, geologic and metallogenic setting and distribution of porphyry Cu–Au/Mo mineralisation within central Eurasia, the setting, geology, alteration and mineralisation at each of the deposits listed above is described and summarised in Table 1. 相似文献
18.
The Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) basalts are plagioclase-rich, while olivine and pyroxene are very few. The analyses of 41 samples reveal high FeOT (~10–18 wt%) and TiO2 (~1.4–2.7 wt%) indicating a ferrobasaltic composition. The basalts have high incompatible elements (Zr 63–228 ppm; Nb ~1–5 ppm; Ba ~15–78 ppm; La ~3–16 ppm), a similar U/Pb (0.02–0.4) ratio as the normal mid-oceanic basalt (0.16±0.07) but the Ba/Nb (12.5–53) ratio is much larger than that of the normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (~5.7) and Primitive Mantle (9.56). Interestingly almost all of the basalts have a significant negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0.78–1.00) that may have been a result of the removal of feldspar and pyroxene during crystal fractionation. These compositional variations suggest that the basalts were derived through fractional crystallization together with low partial melting of a shallow seated magma. 相似文献
19.
笔者初步总结了中亚主要成矿带的基本特征,并探讨了新疆邻区矿带在新疆境内的可能延伸。研究者对新疆邻区成矿带的划分、成矿建造类型和特征的认识不断在变化,因此,笔者强调,在与邻区地质矿产对比时,必须系统了解其研究历史并力求在查明控矿基本要素的基础上进行。此外,在中亚地区,与早古生代陆壳增生相关的成矿作用相当重要,而晚古生代的大规模成矿更多地表现为对已有成矿物质的继承、改造和新成矿物质的叠加,形成了多阶段成矿作用的复合,这些都属于中亚成矿域的特征,也是在对比研究中必须予以充分考虑的。通过分析和对比研究,故认为在中亚成矿域中控制大型、超大型矿床的主要成矿环境可初步概括为以下6种:(1)夹杂于显生宙造山带中的众多前寒武纪地块,在其内部形成了重要的原生铀矿和稀有金属矿床;(2)形成于早古生代陆缘增生带、成矿时代为加里东晚期的科克切塔夫东缘和北准噶尔(境外)的别斯图贝、玛依卡因、捷克利等重要的金、铜多金属矿床;(3)在加里东和前加里东陆壳围限的环巴尔喀什湖地区,具有多个峰期和在空间上相互叠加或有一定迁移规律的成矿作用;(4)境外中天山地块南部存在一条重要的成矿带,代表性的矿种是Au-Cu-Mo-W,该成矿带线性特征明显并与一个活动延续的时间长达70Ma的巨型水热系统相关;(5)南哈萨克斯坦及其以南地区,中、新生代盆地中的可地浸型铀矿及晚古生代超大型砂岩铜矿等大都形成于碰撞后的陆内环境,其成矿作用还可能与深部来源的成矿物质有关;(6)中亚的重要矿床大都产在有所谓大型“横向构造”与成矿带交叉的部位,造成呈串珠状分布的矿结。 相似文献
20.
The structure and tectonic position of the Neoproterozoic Central Taimyr accretionary belt of northwestern Siberia is dominated by the Faddey and Mamont-Shrenk granite-gneiss terranes, ophiolites, and back-arc volcanic rocks. Granites in the granite-gneiss terranes are S-type and formed between 900 and 850 Ma from 1.9 to 1.8 Ga continental crust. U–Pb and Sm–Nd isotopic studies show that the plagiogranites of the Chelyuskin ophiolite belt formed between 850 and 740 Ma. The ophiolite complex was metamorphosed to garnet amphibolite grade around 600 Ma, which is considered to be when the accretionary belt was obducted onto the Siberian continent. Comparison of principal structures of the Central Taimyr accretionary belt with similar structures in Arctic countries permits definition of the principal stages of the Neoproterozoic destruction of the supercontinent Rodinia, in the Arctic region. 相似文献