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1.
深地震探测揭示的华南地区莫霍面深度 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
从20世纪70年代以来, 在华南地区进行了大量的深地震探测研究。本文通过对华南地区的深地震探测研究的总结和梳理, 探讨了华南大陆及其邻近海域的莫霍面变化情况, 结果表明: 华南大陆莫霍面形态变化较大, 总体变化趋势是由西部向东部呈逐渐抬升; 华南大陆最深的莫霍面出现在攀西地区北缘, 最浅的莫霍面出现在衢州盆地, 两者差35 km; 华南地区周缘断裂均存在莫霍面错断; 华南加里东造山带莫霍面深度浅于台湾造山带; 东海边缘海与南海北缘地壳厚度明显不同。这些特征可能指示了不同区域所经历的岩石圈及地壳演化过程不同, 其中攀西地区的莫霍面较厚可能同青藏高原物质东流有关, 华南造山带的地壳减薄缘于后期遭受的伸展作用, 东海及南海的莫霍面深度反映了两者处于不同的陆缘位置, 前者为活动大陆边缘, 后者为被动大陆边缘。 相似文献
2.
The Qinghai (青海)-Tibet plateau is the newest and biggest orogenic belt in the world and a natural laboratory for researching continental geodynamics, such as continent-continent collision, convergence, subduction, and plateau uplift. From the 1950s to the present, there have been many active-source (deep seismic sounding and deep seismic reflection profiling) and passive-source seismic probing (broadband seismic observations) implemented to reveal the crust-mantle structure. In this article, the authors mainly summarize the three seismic probings to discuss the Moho depth of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau based on the previous summaries. The result shows that the Moho of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is very complex and its depth is very different; the whole outline of it is that the Moho depth is deeper beneath the south than the north and deeper in the west than in the east. In the Qiangtang (羌塘) terrane, the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the Moho is shallower than both the southern and the northern sides. The deepest Moho is 40 km deeper than the shallowest Moho. This trend records the crustal thickening and thinning caused by the mutual response between the India plate and the Eurasia plate, and the eastward mass flow in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. 相似文献
3.
为了研究华南地区的深部电性结构,探寻浅部地质过程的深部背景,布设了江西进贤至福建柘荣超长周期大地电磁测深剖面。通过剖面数据的处理、定性分析及二维反演,获得剖面岩石圈尺度的电性结构模型,并分区块对壳幔电性结构及主要断裂进行了分析。反演结果表明：1）剖面可分为4个构造单元,分别为江南造山带、华夏地块内部、华夏褶皱带和东南沿海岩浆岩带;2）武夷山与东南沿海岩浆岩带两处电性莫霍面隆起,电性莫霍面的起伏特征受控于区域深大断裂;3）剖面电性岩石圈整体表现为西薄东厚,江南造山带岩石圈-软流圈界面埋深为80~100 km,华夏褶皱带及东南沿海岩浆岩带的岩石圈-软流圈界面埋深约为140 km,存在一处岩石圈减薄区和两处软流圈上涌区,反映了伸展构造作用对岩石圈的不均匀改造。 相似文献
4.
The crustal depth section obtained from deep seismic soundings along the Koyna II (Kelsi-Loni) profile, which lies near latitude 18°N roughly in the east-west direction in that part of the Deccan Trap Maharashtra State, India, shows a number of reflection segments below the Deccan Traps down to the Moho discontinuity. A deep fault below the Deccan Traps 13 km east of Mahad divides the entire cross-section including the Moho boundary into two crustal blocks. The reflection segments show updip towards the west coast in the western block. The Moho discontinuity which is at a depth of 39 km near the deep fault starts rising towards the coast, reaching a depth of 31.5 km at the west coast. The eastern block is thrown up by 1.5 km with respect to the western block along the deep fault. A structural contour map of the Moho discontinuity for the Koyna reservoir area has been prepared from the present results and the crustal information obtained along the Koyna I profile (Kaila et al., 1979a), shows that the deep fault in the Koyna area is aligned in the NNW-SSE direction.Refraction seismic data analysis by the wave front method reveals that the thickness of the Deccan Trap increases towards the west coast. The Deccan Trap is 600–700 m thick in the eastern region between Nira (SP 130) and Loni (SP 200) and attains a thickness of 1500 m at 10 km east of the west coast. The longitudinal wave velocity in the Deccan Traps along the profile varies from 4.8 to 5.0 km/sec and in the crystalline basement from 6.0 to 6.15 km/sec. A tentative isopach contour map of the Deccan Traps and a tentative structural contour map of the Pre-Deccan Trap contact have been prepared for the Koyna reservoir area from the results along the Koyna II and Koyna I profiles. A flexure aligned in a NNW-SSE direction, in the Pre-Deccan Trap contact, which is an expression of the deep fault into the basement, has been clearly brought out. The flexure coincides in general with the orientation of the Deccan volcanic scarp in this area. 相似文献
5.
为了研究西太平洋弧后边缘海盆地的深部构造特征,于2015年在东海琉球岛弧弧后地区布设了一条穿过东海陆架盆地、钓鱼岛隆褶带、南冲绳海槽地区和琉球岛弧的主动源广角反射/折射深部地震剖面.利用走时正演和反演的方法得到的二维速度结构模型展现了西太平洋边缘弧后地区莫霍面的深度由东海陆架地区的大于30 km显著抬升至南冲绳海槽轴部的约16 km,地壳高度拉张减薄,并存在一系列显著的不连续下地壳高速体,速度达6.8~7.3 km/s,这是地幔上涌的显著表现.模型从深部结构角度展现了新生代以来西太平洋弧后盆地扩张中心的变迁,证实了西太平洋洋陆过渡带内深部上涌的软流圈在弧后拉张过程中不断地向洋跃迁,形成自西向东的构造迁移,并带动岩石圈进行幕式伸展,认为新生代向洋变新的构造迁移是太平洋俯冲带后撤引起的一系列弧后深-浅部地球动力效应. 相似文献
6.
由地震探测揭示的青藏高原莫霍面深度 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
全球最新、规模最大的青藏高原造山带是研究陆陆汇聚、板块俯冲和高原隆升等大陆动力学问题的天然实验室。自20世纪50年代至今, 已经积累大量被动源地震观测和主动源地震探测资料用于揭示青藏高原的地壳与上地幔结构, 勾勒出青藏高原的壳幔结构的基本特征。本文在汇总前人工作基础上, 通过对深地震测深、深地震反射剖面和宽频地震观测三种地震方法资料的梳理, 探讨青藏高原的莫霍面深度及其分布特征。结果表明, 青藏高原莫霍面形态复杂, 深度变化很大, 分布总体特征呈现出中间浅, 南部较深, 北部较浅, 西部较深, 东部较浅的趋势, 最深的和最浅的莫霍面可以相差40 km。这种变化趋势记录了印度板块和欧亚板块的相互作用使高原地壳增厚、减薄过程, 并驱使地壳物质由西向东流动。 相似文献
7.
《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》1999,12(2):201-220
New seismic data from the Central Andes allow us to clarify the crustal structure of this mountain chain and to address the problem of crustal thickening. Evidence for the deep crustal root can be observed in both gravimetric and seismological data. Crustal structure and composition change significantly from east to west. In the eastern part of the backarc the Moho discontinuity is clearly recognisable. However only poor Moho arrivals are observed by active seismic measurements beneath the Altiplano and the Western Cordillera where broad-band seismology data indicate such a discontinuity. In the Precordillera, a pronounced discontinuity is detected at a depth of 70 km. Along the coast, the oceanic Moho is developed at a depth of 40 km. There are several processes which can change the petrological and petrophysical properties of the rocks forming the crust. Variations of the classical Moho discontinuity are presented which do not correspond to the petrological crust/mantle boundary. Tectonic shortening in the backarc is the dominant process contributing to at least 50–55% to the root formation along 21°S. In the forearc and arc, hydration of the mantle wedge produced ≈15–20% of crustal thickening. Magmatic thickening and tectonic erosion contributed only ≈5%. The other ≈25% is not yet explained. 相似文献
8.
Marc-André Gutscher 《地学学报》1991,3(2):166-174
A 2-D gravity model, incorporating geophysical and geological data, is presented for a 110 km long transect across the northern Rhine Graben, coinciding with the 92 km long DEKORP 9-N seismic reflection profile. The Upper Rhine Graben is marked by a prominent NNE-striking negative anomaly of 30–40 mgal on Bouguer gravity maps of SW Germany. Surface geological contacts, borehole data and the seismic reflection profile provide boundary constraints during forward modelling.
Short-wavelength (5–10 km) gravity features can be correlated with geologic structures in the upper few km. At deeper levels, the model reflects the asymmetry visible in the seismic profile; a thicker, mostly transparent lower crust in the west and a thinner, reflective lower crust in the east. From west to east Moho depth changes from 31 to 26–28 km. The entire 40 mgal minimum can be accounted for by the 2–3 km of light sedimentary fdl in the graben, which masks the gravitational effects of the elevated Moho. The thickened lower crust in the west partly compensates for the mass deficit from the depressed Moho. A further compensating feature is a relatively low density contrast at the crust-mantle boundary of 0.25 g cm-3 . The Variscan must displays heterogeneity along the profile which cuts at an angle across the strike of Variscan structures. The asymmetry of the integrated crustal model, both at the surface and at depth suggests an asymmetric mechanism of rift development. 相似文献
Short-wavelength (5–10 km) gravity features can be correlated with geologic structures in the upper few km. At deeper levels, the model reflects the asymmetry visible in the seismic profile; a thicker, mostly transparent lower crust in the west and a thinner, reflective lower crust in the east. From west to east Moho depth changes from 31 to 26–28 km. The entire 40 mgal minimum can be accounted for by the 2–3 km of light sedimentary fdl in the graben, which masks the gravitational effects of the elevated Moho. The thickened lower crust in the west partly compensates for the mass deficit from the depressed Moho. A further compensating feature is a relatively low density contrast at the crust-mantle boundary of 0.25 g cm
9.
长江中下游庐江-枞阳火山岩矿集区深部结构与成矿作用 总被引：32，自引：16，他引：16
为探测长江中下游成矿带庐江-枞阳白垩纪火山岩盆地和铁、硫矿集区深部构造和地壳结构,探讨成矿深部控制条件,作者完成了穿越火山岩盆地的深反射地震剖面(150km,记录30s)和罗河铁矿区浅层高分辨反射地震剖面(20km),以及平行剖面的大地电磁、高精度重磁剖面,揭示了矿集区全地壳精细结构和电磁结构,同时开展区域构造测量和火山岩年代学研究,获得了新的认识。证实"耳状"的庐-枞火山岩盆地是一个沿北东向罗河断裂向东侧发育的非对称火山盆地,排除了另一半被断在西侧红层之下的判断;罗河断裂是一条切穿MOHO的深断裂,倾向南东,是引导地幔流体和岩浆上涌和喷发的通道,在中地壳形成岩浆房(反射亮斑);鉴别出多层界面,火山岩-侏罗系厚度约4～5km(其中火山岩厚度约3km),三叠系-震旦系变形层底界深度大致18～20km,变质基底组成中下地壳,MOHO平缓向北西倾,深度33～31km;追踪郯-庐断裂带的深部产状,陡立延伸到MOHO,宽约10km。从而揭示了早白垩系(132～127Ma)庐-枞火山岩矿集区深部过程与成矿、控矿作用。 相似文献
10.
I. Panea R. Stephenson C. Knapp V. Mocanu G. Drijkoningen L. Matenco J. Knapp K. Prodehl 《Tectonophysics》2005,410(1-4):293-309
The DACIA PLAN (Danube and Carpathian Integrated Action on Process in the Lithosphere and Neotectonics) deep seismic sounding survey was performed in August–September 2001 in south-eastern Romania, at the same time as the regional deep refraction seismic survey VRANCEA 2001. The main goal of the experiment was to obtain new information on the deep structure of the external Carpathians nappes and the architecture of Tertiary/Quaternary basins developed within and adjacent to the seismically-active Vrancea zone, including the Focsani Basin. The seismic reflection line had a WNW–ESE orientation, running from internal East Carpathians units, across the mountainous south-eastern Carpathians, and the foreland Focsani Basin towards the Danube Delta. There were 131 shot points along the profile, with about 1 km spacing, and data were recorded with stand-alone RefTek-125s (also known as “Texans”), supplied by the University Texas at El Paso and the PASSCAL Institute. The entire line was recorded in three deployments, using about 340 receivers in the first deployment and 640 receivers in each of the other two deployments. The resulting deep seismic reflection stacks, processed to 20 s along the entire profile and to 10 s in the eastern Focsani Basin, are presented here. The regional architecture of the latter, interpreted in the context of abundant independent constraint from exploration seismic and subsurface data, is well imaged. Image quality within and beneath the thrust belt is of much poorer quality. Nevertheless, there is good evidence to suggest that a thick (10 km) sedimentary basin having the structure of a graben and of indeterminate age underlies the westernmost part of the Focsani Basin, in the depth range 10–25 km. Most of the crustal depth seismicity observed in the Vrancea zone (as opposed to the more intense upper mantle seismicity) appears to be associated with this sedimentary basin. The sedimentary successions within this basin and other horizons visible further to the west, beneath the Carpathian nappes, suggest that the geometry of the Neogene and recent uplift observed in the Vrancea zone, likely coupled with contemporaneous rapid subsidence in the foreland, is detached from deeper levels of the crust at about 10 km depth. The Moho lies at a depth of about 40 km along the profile, its poor expression in the reflection stack being strengthened by independent estimates from the refraction data. Given the apparent thickness of the (meta)sedimentary supracrustal units, the crystalline crust beneath this area is quite thin (< 20 km) supporting the hypothesis that there may have been delamination of (lower) continental crust in this area involved in the evolution of the seismic Vrancea zone. 相似文献
11.
长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳速度结构：来自利辛-宜兴宽角地震资料的约束 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
为了理解长江中下游地区在中生代成矿的深部动力学过程,Sinoprobe-03-02项目于2011年9月至10月,在跨宁芜矿集区和郯庐断裂带实施了从安徽利辛至江苏宜兴450km长的宽角反射/折射地震剖面。速度剖面结果显示,Moho面深度和地壳速度结构在郯庐断裂两侧东西方向存在明显的差异:(1)在东部扬子块体内部,地壳覆盖层厚3~5km,西部的合肥盆地下方,则达到4~7km。(2)剖面平均Moho面深度为30~32km左右,在郯庐断裂下方,Moho面深度在35km左右;在宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面整体深度偏浅,达30~31km左右,但局部范围内,Moho面深度至34km左右。(3)剖面的下地壳平均速度在6.5~6.6km/s左右,在宁芜矿集区下方,下地壳速度偏低,为6.4~6.5km/s左右。剖面上地幔顶部的速度结构平均在8.0~8.2km/s。在宁芜矿集区下方,速度偏低,为7.9~8.1km/s左右。(4)郯庐断裂带的下方,从地表开始,还存在20多千米长的低速异常带,一直延伸到Moho面附近。剖面的宁芜矿集区下方Moho面上隆、下地壳及上地幔的低速异常等壳幔结构特征,预示下地壳不以榴辉岩残体为主,支持燕山期地幔岩浆的上涌和侵入并成矿,是热上涌物质的源地。 相似文献
12.
深地震探测揭示的西北地区莫霍面深度 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
从20世纪70年代以来, 在我国西北地区进行了大量的深地震探测研究。本文通过对西北地区的深地震探测研究的总结和梳理, 探讨了西北地区的莫霍面深度与变化及其地球动力学意义。结果表明: 比起我国其他地区, 西北地区莫霍面无论是埋深还是形态均变化最大, 反映出受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞远程效应影响, 西北地区地壳整体变形强烈。莫霍面最深(约90 km)位于西昆仑与喀喇昆仑构造结合处, 最浅处位于准噶尔盆地西缘的克拉玛依(约35.5 km), 最深与最浅相差约55 km。在盆山结合部位及大型走滑断裂, 如阿尔金断裂、中天山北缘断裂带等均存在莫霍面错断。天山造山带东西段莫霍面深度变化明显, 西段深于东段。这些特征指示了中国西北部盆山之间的构造关系、天山造山带西段和东段不同的深部动力学机制以及古老断裂带的活化。 相似文献
13.
YAN Yafen WANG Guangjie ZHANG Zhongjie Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1235-1244
Based on gravity data processed with the matched filter, depth continuation and horizontal gradient we obtained the spatial distribution of the gravity field and made analyses of the tectonic framework of South China. Then, inversion was conducted for the depth to study the depth variation of the boundary between the crust and upper mantle, namely the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho). The results demonstrate that the Moho depth in South China ranges from 30 to 40 km, and the crust thins from west to east, 27-29 km under the continent margin and shallow sea. We think it possible that the Tanlu fault crosses the Yangtze River and extends southwards along the Ganjiang and Wuchuan-Sihui faults to the South China Sea, and that there is an E-W hidden structural belt along 24.5°-26°. 相似文献
14.
We assess the results of a number of deep seismic soundings performed in China over the last few decades, and study the variations in crustal structure in 18 tectonic units comprised of three platforms and 15 fold systems. Thickness data on 344 Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary basins, as well as data on Moho depth are collected in order to discuss the relationship between the thickness of the basins and the average thickness of the consolidated crust in each tectonic unit. The degree of mirror-image symmetry between Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary basins and the uplifting topmost parts of the mantle is herein analyzed using deep geophysical data on sedimentary basins. By applying standard methods of least-squares analysis to both datasets, we have obtained both the average thickness of the consolidated crust and the mirror-image symmetry factor for every platform and tectonic fold system, thereby allowing us to explore the correlation between the depths of the bottom of the sedimentary basins and the top of the uplifting mantle. The thickness of the consolidated crust in China is found to be between 20 and 63 km, following a pattern of gradual thickening from east to west. Expressed in terms of spatial seismicity and the concentration of seismic energy, and according to the sharing-out of earthquake hypocenters in the top 80 km of the earth, the rheology of the area does not appear to suit the widely accepted “jelly–sandwich” model for the continents, which does not seem to be entirely valid in China. The findings on the mirror-image symmetry factor show that this parameter varies mainly in the range ? 0.5 to ? 1.8 compared with each other tectonic unit. Most of the tectonic systems in China appear to be isostatically compensated. Tibet is an exception, in that the symmetry factor is positive for the Gangdise–Nyainqentanglha (1.0) and Himalayan (0.1) fold systems, implying that these tectonic zones are far from being in the isostatic equilibrium of the other regions. We have also analyzed the zoning characteristics through the logarithmic relationship ln R = ln (h/|a|), using the average thickness of the consolidated crust and the absolute value of the symmetry factor. The key finding is that regardless of geographical location, all the values of R = h/|a| for those sedimentary basins in which oil/gas reservoirs have to date been found, fall into the narrow range of values between 19.38 and 37.40. There is some appeal in a possible relationship involving the ratio of crustal thickness to symmetry factor, more so when the results obtained appear to suggest a prognostic tool for exploratory practice in relation to oil/gas reservoirs. 相似文献
15.
The Gulf of Cadiz spans the plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia west of the Betic-Rif mountain belt. A narrow east dipping subduction zone descends beneath the Gulf of Cadiz and the straits of Gibraltar. The deep crustal structure of the Gulf and the adjacent SW Iberian and Moroccan margins is constrained by numerous multi-channel seismic reflection and wide-angle seismic surveys. A compilation of these existing studies is presented in the form of depth to basement, sediment thickness, depth to Moho and crustal thickness maps. These structural maps image an E-W trending trough, with thin (< 10 km) crust beneath the Gulf of Cadiz. This trough is filled by an eastward thickening wedge of sediments, reaching a thickness of 10-15 km in the eastern Gulf. These sediments are tectonically deformed, primarily along a series of westward-vergent thrust faults and represent a 200-250 km wide accretionary wedge. The northern and especially the southern limits of the accretionary wedge are marked by sharp morphological lineaments showing evidence of recent deformation. These tectonic limits are situated in an internal position with respect to the Miocene deformation front (external Betic and Rif allocthons), which has been abandoned. At the western boundary of the accretionary wedge, near the adjacent Seine and Horseshoe abyssal plains, an E-W trending basement high (Coral Patch Ridge) can be seen indenting the deformation front in an asymmetric manner. Analog modeling is performed using granular materials accreted against a semicircular backstop (representing the basement of the Rif and Betic mountain belts). The modeling initially produces a symmetric, arcuate accretionary wedge. The ensuing collision of an oblique rigid indenter retards accretion on one side, resulting in an embayment and a locally steeper deformation front. The deformation pattern observed in morphology and high-resolution seismic profiles suggests the accretionary wedge and underlying subduction system is still active. The implications of active subduction for the source region of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the regional seismic hazard assessment are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Claus Prodehl 《Tectonophysics》1981,80(1-4):255-269
The crustal structure of the central European rift system has been investigated by seismic methods with varying success. Only a few investigations deal with the upper-mantle structure. Beneath the Rhinegraben the Moho is elevated, with a minimum depth of 25 km. Below the flanks it is a first-order discontinuity, while within the graben it is replaced by a transition zone with the strongest velocity gradient at 20–22 km depth. An anomalously high velocity of up to 8.6 km/s seems to exist within the underlying upper mantle at 40–50 km depth. A similar structure is also found beneath the Limagnegraben and the young volcanic zones within the Massif Central of France, but the velocity within the upper mantle at 40–50 km depth seems to be slightly lower. Here, the total crustal thickness reaches only 25 km. The crystalline crust becomes extremely thin beneath the southern Rhônegraben, where the sediments reach a thickness of about 10 km while the Moho is found at 24 km depth. The pronounced crustal thinning does not continue along the entire graben system. North of the Rhinegraben in particular the typical graben structure is interrupted by the Rhenohercynian zone with a “normal” West-European crust of 30 km thickness evident beneath the north-trending Hessische Senke. A single-ended profile again indicates a graben-like crustal structure west of the Leinegraben north of the Rhenohercynian zone. No details are available for the North German Plain where the central European rift system disappears beneath a sedimentary sequence of more than 10 km thickness. 相似文献
17.
One of the major tectonic problems in Europe concerns the southwest margin of the East European Platform in the region of the so-called Polish-Danish trough. In general, this margin is assumed to be the Tornquist-Teisseyre (T-T) Line, running approximately from northwest to southeast in this part of Europe. Determination of deep crustal structure of the contact zone between the Precambrian Platform and the Palaeozoic Platform was the main aim of the deep seismic sounding (DSS) programme in Poland in 1965–1982.Deep seismic soundings of the Earth's crust have been made in the T-T Line zone along nine profiles with a total length of about 2600 km. The results of deep seismic soundings have shown that the crust in the marginal zone of the East European Platform has highly anomalous properties. The width of this zone ranges from 50 km in northwest Poland to about 90 km in southeast Poland. The crustal thickness of the Palaeozoic Platform in Poland is 30–35 km, and of the Precambrian Platform 42–47 km, while in the T-T tectonic zone it varies from 50 to 55 km. Above the Moho boundary, in the T-T zone, at a depth of 40–45 km, there is a seismic discontinuity with P-wave velocities of 7.5–7.7 km/s. Boundary velocities, mean velocities and stratification of the Earth's crust vary distinctly along the T-T zone. There are also observed high gravimetric and magnetic anomalies in the T-T zone. The T-T tectonic zone determined in this manner is a deep tectonic trough with rift properties.The deep fractures delineating the T-T tectonic zone are of fundamental importance for the localization of the plate edge of the Precambrian Platform of eastern Europe. In the light of DSS results, the northeastern margin of the T-T tectonic zone is a former plate boundary of the East European Platform. 相似文献
18.
中南-礼乐断裂带是协调南海各次海盆扩张的重要断裂.深入研究中南-礼乐断裂带时空展布和深部结构对于认识南海海盆多期次海底扩张和构造演化具有重要意义.本文主要基于深反射多道地震的精细剖析,结合重力、磁力与地形等地质与地球物理资料,揭示了中南-礼乐断裂带在南海海盆北部的时空展布特征、内部构造形变及其深部结构特征.结果表明:中南-礼乐断裂带在西北次海盆与东部次海盆之间宽约25~35 km,北延于珠江海谷西侧(18.7°N,115.5°E),南消失于中沙地块东北侧(17.2°N,116.0°E),主要呈NNW向延伸.该断裂带的主控断裂沿大型海山和侵入岩体分布,主要发育时期是渐新世至早中新世,中中新世至晚中新世为继承性活动,其内部断裂对早中新世及以前的地层具有控制作用,表现为正断层.深部结构上,中南-礼乐断裂带两侧Moho面埋深不一,两侧次海盆的沉积厚度和洋壳厚度存在明显差异,表明该断裂带至少是一条地壳级断裂,甚至可能是岩石圈级断裂. 相似文献
19.
华北地区地壳P波三维速度结构 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1968年邢台地震以后的30余年中, 中国地震局系统先后在大华北地区布置30余条、近20000km的人工地震宽角反射/折射深地震测深(DSS) 剖面, 用以研究地壳及上地幔顶部的速度结构, 取得了大量研究成果.但以往的研究明显的不足是未能形成华北区域性的地壳三维速度结构模型, 从大区域的角度为研究华北地区地壳深部构造特征提供地震学方面的依据.因此, 在现已发表的DSS剖面资料的基础上, 选择了14条测线的资料, 利用地理信息系统(ARC/INFO) 的“矢量化”功能, 以及克里格数据网格化技术构建华北区域性的地壳三维速度结构模型, 从而对华北研究区内地壳三维速度结构的特点得到如下认识: (1) 华北地区地壳表层P波速度变化幅度大, 平面结构较复杂, 大体上划分为相间排列、走向趋势以北西向为主的3个速度区.海河平原和渤海湾的低速带是研究区范围内速度最低的低速区.资料的情况说明, 研究区内沉积盖层的地质构造与上地壳构造之间虽有一定继承性, 但也存在较大差别. (2) 总体上看, 在华北研究区内地壳的P波速度随深度增大而增大, 但局部地区出现速度倒转的现象, 东区的海河平原低速异常逐渐消失, 而西区的山西地堑则以相对低速异常特征为主.区内地壳以太行山脉为界, 划分为东、西两区; 东部和西部, 结晶基底以上地层的构造方向不完全一致; 东部的黄淮海地块, 区域构造以北东向为主, 而西部包括山西地块和鄂尔多斯地块东缘, 其构造方向则以北西向为主. (3) 根据莫霍面的形态特征, 研究区地壳可大致划分为6个区块; 在山西地块范围内, 莫霍面呈近南北向的凹陷带, 地壳厚度大; 内蒙古地块南缘和燕山地块南部, 莫霍面表现出褶皱带的构造特征, 其延展趋势为近东西方向; 鄂尔多斯地块东缘, 莫霍面构造相对复杂, 呈近北西向凸、凹相伴的褶皱; 黄淮海地块(华北裂谷带中、北部) 为莫霍面隆坳区, 隆、坳相间排列, 构造较复杂, 但从整体上看, 这是全区莫霍面最浅的隆起区段; 鲁西台背斜主要为莫霍面断陷区, 其断陷带沿枣庄—曲阜一线向北西方向延伸. 相似文献
20.
The crustal structure of the central Eromanga Basin in the northern part of the Australian Tasman Geosyncline, revealed by coincident seismic reflection and refraction shooting, contrasts with some neighbouring regions of the continent. The depth to the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) of 36–41 km is much less than that under the North Australian Craton to the northwest (50–55 km) and the Lachlan Fold Belt to the southeast (43–51 km) but is similar to that under the Drummond and Bowen Basins to the east.The seismic velocity boundaries within the crust are sharp compared with the transitional nature of the boundaries under the North Australian and Lachlan provinces. In particular, there is a sharp velocity increase at mid-crustal depths (21–24 km) which has not been observed with such clarity elsewhere in Australia (the Conrad discontinuity?).In the lower crust, the many discontinuous sub-horizontal reflections are in marked contrast to lack of reflecting horizons in the upper crust, further emphasising the differences between the upper and lower crust. The crust-mantle boundary (Moho) is characterised by an increase in velocity from 7.1–7.7 km/s to a value of 8.15 + 0.04 km/s. The depth to the Moho under the Canaway Ridge, a prominent basement high, is shallower by about 5 km than the regional Moho depth; there is also no mid-crustal horizon under the Canaway Ridge but there is a very sharp velocity increase at the Moho depth of 34 km. The Ridge could be interpreted as a horst structure extending to at least Moho depths but it could also have a different intra-crustal structure from the surrounding area.The sub-crustal lithosphere has features which have been interpreted, from limited data, as being caused by a velocity gradient at 56–57 km depth with a low velocity zone above it.Because of the contrasting crustal thicknesses and velocity gradients, the lithosphere of the central Eromanga Basin cannot be considered as an extension of the exposed Lachlan Fold Belt or the North Australian Craton. The lack of seismic reflections from the upper crust indicates no coherent accoustic impedance pattern at wavelengths greater than 100 m, consistent with an upper crustal basement of tightly folded meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks. The crustal structure is consistent with a pericratonic or arc/back-arc basin being cratonised in an episode of convergent tectonics in the Early Palaeozoic. The seismic reflections from the lower crust indicate that it could have developed in a different tectonic environment. 相似文献