共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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为适应地球化学分带的复杂性,定义了叠加分带序列和矿化阶段分带序列的概念,提出了叠加分带序列分解及叠加矿化性质识别方法。在胶东山城金矿岩石地球化学勘查中该方法获得成功的应用。揭露了该矿区已知矿体的常规分带序列中隐含的两种矿化叠加性质：１号脉为无工业意义的矿化叠加;８号脉则主要为下部隐伏矿体的叠加,并已得到后期勘探验证。 相似文献
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原生晕分带序列研究方法综述 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
分带性是原生晕的最重要特征，分带指数法是应用最为广泛的计算轴向分带序列的方法之一，针对该方法中存在的缺陷，提出了多种新的方法，重心法以每个元素异常浓集重心的空间位置排出分带序列，同时适用于轴向分带和横向分带序列的计算，克服了其它方法中存在的缺陷，是一个很有应用前景的方法。 相似文献
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陈明 《水文地质工程地质》1957,(12)
5潜水的分带性:在十九世纪后叶俄国土壤学家图库恰也夫发现了自然界现象在自然历史过程中按纬度分带规律性。他的这一发现为土壤地理,景观地理分带学说以及风化作用和潜水分带学说打下了基础。廿世纪以来苏联学者奥托茨基,伊林,朗格,卡明斯基等人先后发挥了潜水在自然历史过程中按纬度分带的这一学说。并进行了苏联境内潜水分区的工 相似文献
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我国砂岩型铀矿分带特征研究现状及存在问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为一种重要的国家战略资源,砂岩型铀矿床是当今世界上最重要的铀矿床类型之一。本文详细地介绍了砂岩型铀矿在国内外的分布特征及占比情况,并对外生地质作用矿床类型中表生流体作用形成的层间渗透砂岩型和潜水渗透砂岩型铀矿床进行了讨论,发现层间渗透砂岩型铀矿床在外表颜色、矿物组合以及地球化学等方面均具有明显的氧化-还原分带现象,此外,矿床内部还具有细菌分带现象。颜色分带在氧化带、氧化-还原过渡带以及还原带之间具有明显不同的特征;矿物组合在不同分带之间各不相同;地球化学分带表现为U、TOC含量以及Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、Th/U比值在各分带之间差异较大。此外,硫酸盐还原菌、硫杆菌、铁细菌及硝化菌等细菌在不同分带之间的数量相差悬殊,而且硫酸盐还原菌数量与TOC呈明显正相关性。通过矿化带内的碳、硫同位素分析,发现硫酸盐还原菌参与了成矿过程,推测其可能是导致碳、硫同位素分馏的主要因素。总体来看,颜色分带、矿物分带、地球化学分带以及细菌分带均与氧化-还原分带呈耦合关系。本文通过总结层间渗透砂岩型和潜水渗透砂岩型铀矿床的成矿模式和当前分带研究中存在的问题,提出了由细菌、地球化学反应参与的砂岩型铀矿床成矿机理,以及未来亟需解决的若干关键科学问题。典型砂岩型铀矿床的分带现象在物、化、探、遥等领域的异常响应对寻找砂岩型铀矿床具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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矿床分带理论由来已久,国外学者曾提出地热分带、脉动分带及沉淀分带等理论。郭文魁论述了构造裂隙和挥发份对分带的影响,并指出不同的矿石建造与不同的围岩变质和蚀变有关。柳志青提出了矿物富集与浓差沉降分带理论。翟裕生指出“构造垂直分带性在很多情况下是使矿田和矿床中的矿化及其伴生矿物呈现垂直分带的根本原因”。古菊云还提出了矿液扩散球面分异分带的概念。广大地质人员在实践的基础上,总结出了石英脉型黑钨矿矿床“五层楼”的分带概念及斑岩铜钼矿床的分带模式。这些都在 相似文献
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302铀矿床热液的混合和沸腾垂直分带模式 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
３０２隐伏铀矿床以其矿化垂幅大和原生垂直分带保存完整而在华南铀成矿区具有典型意义。本文提出了一个热液的混合和沸腾垂直分带模式。热液的混合是指大气降水、幔源流体以及花岗岩中残留热液的三元混合。矿前阶段发生了规模较大的热液混合作用，这导致了矿床垂直分带雏形的形成。成矿阶段发生的热液沸腾作用有利于进一步增强矿前阶段形成的矿床垂直分带程度。矿后一定程度的改造作用形成了矿床垂直分带的现代格局。 相似文献
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本文百次研究了山东金伯利岩中橄榄石的产状、含量、大小、世代、形态、颜色、环带、矿物包体、折光率、2V、化学成分、端员组分特征及红外光谱和穆斯堡尔谱特征,并分析研究了橄榄石的成因。指出了无色—浅绿色的、含MgO、Cr2O3、NiO高的橄榄石是找金刚石矿的指示性矿物。 相似文献
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Colin H. Donaldson 《Lithos》1975,8(2):163-174
Concentration gradients in glass adjacent to skeletal olivines in a DSDP basalt have been examined by electron probe. The glass is depleted in Mg, Fe, and Cr and enriched in Si, Al, Na, and Ca relative to that far from olivine. Ionic diffusion coefficients for the glass compositions are calculated from temperature, ionic radius and melt viscosity, using the Stokes-Einstein relation. At 1170°C, the diffusion coefficient of Mg2+ ions in the basalt is 4·5.10?9 cm2/s. Comparison with measured diffusion coefficients in a mugearite suggests this value may be 16 times too small. The concentration gradient data and the diffusion coefficients are used to calculate instantaneous olivine growth rates of 2–6.10?7 cm/s. This is too slow for olivine to have grown in situ during quenching. Growth necessarily preceded emplacement such that the composition of the crystals plus the enclosing glass need not be that of a melt. The computed olivine growth rates are compatible with the rate of crystallization deduced for the Skaegaard intrusion. 相似文献
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量化研究幔源岩浆从源区运移至喷发或者侵位的时间尺度，对理解基性岩浆作用具有重要意义。然而，对于岩浆的喷发和就位的时间尺度研究仍缺乏有效的约束，位于我国华北克拉通北部山西大同新生代火山岩群是理想的研究地区。本文以该火山群～0.2 Ma喷发的神泉寺碱性玄武岩为研究对象，重点研究其中携带的地幔橄榄石捕掳晶来约束喷发前的时间尺度。通过对其开展详细的矿物化学研究，发现地幔捕掳晶核部的Fo值高达97.7,为极富镁橄榄石，结合其极低的Ca、Mn和Ni含量特征，认为它们捕获自被交代的地幔橄榄岩。另外，地幔橄榄石捕掳晶发育明显的CaO成分环带，表明其在地壳岩浆系统内经历了复杂的岩浆演化过程。地幔橄榄石捕掳晶反应边宽度变化很大，说明它们在源区被捕获时及在运移过程中经过了多次破碎过程。橄榄石捕掳晶最边缘的Fo值为70左右，平衡计算表明它们在边部已与主岩浆(碱性玄武岩)达到平衡。Fe-Mg元素扩散计时结果显示，橄榄石地幔捕掳晶仅在岩浆中滞留了几个月的时间。对于40～70 km的岩石圈地幔厚度来说，岩浆平均上升速率最快可能超过500 m/d。 相似文献
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F. P. Lesnov S. V. Palesskii I. V. Nikolaeva O. A. Koz’menko A. M. Kuchkin V. N. Korolyuk 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(1):18-40
Mineralogical-geochemical data obtained on a large xenolith of spinel lherzolite from basanites of Shavaryn Tsaram volcano (Middle Pleistocene) provide evidence that the xenolith was affected by heat and fluid that came from the basalt melt and induced geochemical heterogeneity of the xenolith. Olivine crystals from the central portion of the xenolith contain much more CaO than this mineral from the peripheral zones of the xenolith as well as in xenocrystals of the host basalts. The large xenolith was unevenly annealed by the host basalt melt, and this predetermined the heterogeneous diffusion-controlled “purification” of olivine crystals from their CaO admixture. The xenolith is heterogeneously enriched in LREE and some trace elements (Zr, Hf, Nb, Th, and U), and their distribution demonstrates unclearly pronounced concentric zoning: these elements enriched the outer portions of the xenolith. The enrichment of the xenolith in LREE and other mobile trace elements is explained by their occurrence not only as structurally bound (isomorphic) components in minerals but also in the form of nonstructural admixtures (contaminant), as minute grains of compounds hosted in the interstitial space and tiny cracks cutting mineral grains. The enrichment of the xenolith in these admixtures proceeded via their infiltration-controlled introduction with fluid from the basalt along minute cracks. 相似文献
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Malte Gramse 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1970,29(1):43-73
The chemical composition of the pyroxenes and olivines of 12 basaltic rocks and 5 lherzolite nodules was determined quantitatively by electron micro-probe analysis. The composition of the pyroxenes depends on the type of basalt in which they occur. Tholeiitic basalts with normative quartz contain three pyroxenes: orthorombic pyroxenes, pigeonites and augites. All pyroxene phases are zoned and do not show any exsolution. Their Ti and Al contents (Ca-Tschermaks and Ti-augite molecules) are small. All pyroxene phases were formed under disequilibrium with each other and with the melt because of rapid quenching. The sequence of crystallization: orthopyroxene—pigeonite—augite could be established by their Cr content.The alkali olivine basalts undersatured in SiO2 and the olivine nephelinites are characterized by Ti and Al-rich clinopyroxenes. The distribution of Ti and Al in the pyroxenes of the alkali olivine basalts shows a differentiation trend from the cores of the phenocrysts to their outer zones and to the crystals of the ground mass. Thereby the Ca-Tschermaks molecule is being replaced more and more by the Ti-augite molecule. The Ti content of the pyroxenes of the olivine nephelinites decreases in the last stage of differentiation because simultaneously increasing amounts of titaniferous magnetite crystallize.The pyroxenes of lherzolite peridotite nodules are characterized by high Al and low Ti contents which differ according to the type of basalt (alkali olivine basalt or olivine nephelinite) in which the nodules occur. The homogeneous distribution of the elements within the single grains indicates crystallization under equlibrium conditions. The conditions of their formation are comparable to those of Al-pyroxene peridotites in the upper mantle. The composition of pyroxenes of early accumulates of alkali basaltic melts differ from those of peridotite nodules. Therefore lherzolite nodules can be taken as residues of deeper peridotite masses. 相似文献
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Basalts dredged from the south wall of a fracture zone transecting the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) at 54° S are unusual in that they include a suite of highly olivine phyric basalts, sampled along with more normal sparsely plagioclase phyric basalts, and a highly plagioclase phyric basalt. Four basalt types (olivine phyric, sparsely plagioclase phyric, evolved sparsely plagioclase phyric and highly plagioclase phyric) are readily distinguished on the basis of petrography, mineralogy and bulk composition. They range from primitive to evolved, with the olivine phyric basalts having elevated MgO (up to 15.5%) and the plagioclase phyric basalt having elevated Al2O3 (19.3%) and CaO (13.1%) contents. Compositional variations are extremely consistant, with the olivine phyric basalts and the sparsely plagioclase phyric basalts defining coherent linear trends. On the basis of the ratios and covariation of the incompatible trace elements Zr, Nb, Y and Ba, distinct parental magmas for each basalt type are required. An investigation of Fe-Mg and Mg-Ni distribution coefficients between olivine and magma indicates that olivines from the olivine phyric basalts are on average too forsteritic and too Ni poor to have crystallized in a magma corresponding to the host bulk rock composition. This implies that these basalts are enriched in xenocrystic olivine. Olivines from the other basalt types are mostly of equilibrium composition, although there are some exceptions. Petrogenetic models for the formation of the different basalt types are quantitatively evaluated in terms of fractional crystallization/crystal accumulation processes. These indicate that (1) the olivine phyric basalts are the products of olivine and minor Cr-spinel accumulation and do not represent analogues of primary magma, or a liquid fractionation trend; (2) that the sparsely plagioclase phyric basalts were formed by polybaric fractional crystallization of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene; and (3) that the evolved sparsely plagioclase phyric basalts are not readily related to one another. The single highly plagioclase phyric basalt is unrelated to the other basalt types and is cumulus enriched in plagioclase.The different basalt types are unrelated to one another and document the presence of at least four distinct magma types erupted in close proximity at this ridge/transform intersection on the southern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 相似文献
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Melt inclusions in high-An plagioclase from the Gorda Ridge: an example of the local diversity of MORB parent magmas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R. L. Nielsen Jennifer Crum Rene Bourgeois Kaylea Hascall Lance M. Forsythe Martin R. Fisk David M. Christie 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,122(1-2):34-50
The use of ocean floor basalt chemistry as a tool to investigate mantle composition and processes requires that we work with
basalts that have been modified little since leaving the mantle. One source of such basalts is melt inclusions trapped in
primitive crystals. However, obtaining information from these melt inclusions is complicated by the fact that melt inclusions
in natural basalts are essentially always altered by post-entrapment crystallization. This requires that we develop techniques
for reconstructing the original trapped liquid compositions. We conducted a series of experiments to reverse the effects of
post-entrapment crystallization by re-heating the host crystals to their crystallization temperature. For these experiments
we used plagioclase crystals separated from a single Gorda Ridge lava. The crystallization temperature for these crystals
was determined by a set of incremental re-heating experiments to be ∼1240–1260° C. The inclusions are primitive, high Ca-Al
basaltic melts, saturated with plagioclase, olivine and Al-rich chromite at low pressure. The inclusion analyses can be linked
to the host lava composition by low pressure fractionation. The major element composition of the re-homogenized melt inclusions
within each crystal is relatively constant. However, the incompatible element analyses have extremely wide ranges. The range
of La/Sm and Ti/Zr from inclusions analyzed from a single sample from the Gorda Ridge exceeds the range reported for lavas
sampled from the entire ridge. The pyroxene compositions predicted to be in equilibrium with the melt inclusion trace element
signature cover much of the range represented by pyroxenes from abyssal peridotites. The volumetric proportions of the magmas
entering the base of the crust can be evaluated using frequency distribution of melt inclusion compositions. This distribution
suggests that the array of magmas was skewed towards the more depleted compositions, with little evidence for an enriched
component in this system. This pattern is more consistent with a dynamic flow model of the mantle or of a passive flow model
where the melts produced in the peripheral areas of the melting regime were not focused to the ridge.
Received: 5 January 1995 / Accepted: 13 June 1995 相似文献
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New approaches are proposed to analyze the content, distribution, and diffusion of carbon in silicates using nuclear microprobe analysis and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Techniques based on the nuclear reaction 12C(d,p)13C were developed to determine the coefficients of radiation-enhanced carbon diffusion in olivine at 300–370 K and deuteron doses that are comparable in terms of defect formation with those of α-particles generated by the decay of uranium and thorium isotopes for ~400 Ma (olivine age). The coefficients of thermal (D th) and radiation-enhanced (D rad) carbon diffusion in synthetic forsterite were compared to those of natural olivines from alkaline basalt nodule (Shevaryn Tsaram volcano, Mongolia). It is demonstrated that the diffusion coefficients strongly depends on the migration mechanisms of carbon atoms in crystals. The developed techniques and software package for SIMS determination of carbon distribution in silicates allowed us to study simultaneously the carbon and hydrogen distribution in a glass vein of the Chelyabinsk meteorite. The possible presence of hydrocarbons in the studied silicate glass of meteorite is suggested. 相似文献
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Timescales of convection in magma chambers below the Mid-Atlantic ridge from melt inclusions investigations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Closed hopper and complex swallowtail morphologies of olivine microcrysts have been described in the past in both mid-oceanic ridge basalts and subaerial tholeitic volcanoes and indicate fluctuations in magma undercooling. We describe similar morphologies in a Mid-Atlantic ridge pillow basalt (sample RD87DR10), and in addition we estimate the duration of temperature fluctuations required to produce these textures as follows: (1) Pairs of melt inclusions are arranged symmetrically around the centre of hopper crystals and each pair represents a heating–cooling cycle. Using the literature olivine growth rates relevant to the observed morphologies, and measuring the distance between two successive inclusions, we estimate the minimum time elapsed during one convection cycle. (2) The major element composition of melt inclusions (analysed by electron microprobe) was found to be in the range of the boundary layer measured in the glass surrounding the olivines, irrespective of their size. Several major elements demonstrate that this boundary layer results from rapid quenching on the seafloor, and not from crystal growth at depth, implying the inclusions had the same composition as the surrounding magma when they were sealed. Using diffusivity of slow diffusing elements such as Al2O3, we estimate the minimum time required for inclusion formation. These two independent approaches give concordant results: each cooling–heating cycle lasted between a few minutes and 1 h minimum. Thus, these crystals probably recorded thermal convection in small magmatic bodies (a dyke or shallow magma chamber) during the last hour or hours before eruption. 相似文献
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黑龙江鸡西盆地新生代玄武岩大地构造环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸡西盆地新生代玄武岩的岩石学、岩石化学和地球化学研究表明,岩石中发育橄榄石包裹体,且造岩矿物中也多含橄榄石晶体;δEu=0.87~0.94（大于0.7）,具基性岩浆分异特征.微量元素Nb*值为0.91（接近1）、K*值为1.09,略大于1,表明岩浆与消减作用相关不大,且有非地壳物质加入.总体分析,岩浆来源于上地幔,上升过程中遭受了壳源物质的混染.鸡西地区新生代玄武岩岩浆来源于上地幔,是裂谷作用的产物,为大陆裂谷型玄武岩,其形成与敦密断裂在上新世的拉张活动有关. 相似文献