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1.
运用层序地层及沉积相理论对大民屯凹陷西斜坡古近纪沙三段发育的沉积特征进行分析,结果表明:沙三段发育低位、湖侵、高位体系域;大民屯凹陷西斜坡沙三段的沉积相类型可分为冲积扇相、辫状河三角洲相和浊积扇相;前进断裂坡折带控制了大民屯凹陷西斜坡沙三段沉积发育,低位域主要发育冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇,同沉积断裂坡折带之下发育辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇,湖侵域在坡折带之下主要发育滑塌浊积扇、湖相泥岩;高位域西斜坡主要发育冲积扇和辫状河三角洲相沉积,从而沿着西斜坡形成冲积扇相—三角洲相—浊积扇相的沉积模式;沙三中下段,大民屯凹陷荣胜堡洼陷东北斜坡部位受前进断裂破折带控制的沉积砂体及浅湖-半深湖区的浊积扇砂体是形成岩性油气藏有利区带。  相似文献   

2.
通过对歧口凹陷古近纪的构造格架和主要同沉积断裂的构成和特征分析,指出区内的主要同沉积断裂及其形成的断裂坡折带对古近纪层序和沉积体系的分布起重要控制作用。F1断裂带和东北部盆缘断裂带北段共同控制着北部深洼的沉积充填;东北部盆缘断裂带南段的活动性决定着北次洼的发育;南次洼的发育主要与低凸起周缘断裂带的活动有关。东北部盆缘陡坡断裂坡折带控制了近岸水下扇和扇三角洲体系的发育;西南断阶带的F2断裂坡折控制了辫状三角洲和滨浅湖沉积体系的发育,F1断裂坡折控制低位扇和深湖、半深湖沉积发育以及向凹陷中心方向共生的前三角洲滑塌浊积体系;低凸起南缘断坡带在古近纪早期控制南次洼的扇三角洲或小型水下扇的发育。西南断阶带和F1断裂与东北盆缘断裂交汇处是寻找砂岩油气藏的有利区域。   相似文献   

3.
珠江口盆地文昌凹陷多幕构造演化与复杂构造变形形成了极具特色的坡折类型.以构造沉积学、层序地层学为理论基础,结合钻井及三维地震资料,在文昌凹陷识别出4类6种陆相坡折带,并分析各类坡折带对砂体的控制作用.断裂坡折带分布于凹陷南部陡坡带,可进一步划分为单断式盆缘断裂坡折带、多级盆缘断裂坡折带及帚状盆缘断裂坡折带,控制着扇三角洲、滑塌扇及湖底扇砂体的分布;挠曲坡折带、沉积坡折带及侵蚀坡折带分布于凹陷北部缓坡带,控制着下切水道充填砂体、三角洲砂体及小型湖底扇砂体的分布,缓坡坡折带上发育的小型断裂调整并改造沉积物充填方向与沉积体系的分布.坡折带控制下的砂体是非构造圈闭发育的有利部位,勘探潜力巨大.   相似文献   

4.
以层序地层学理论为指导,综合地震、测井、岩芯以及古生物等资料,对贝尔凹陷下白垩统层序格架下砂体的分布特征进行研究。研究表明:在三级层序格架下,不同沉积期沉积体系的空间展布和配置关系有明显差异,SQA层序为初始裂陷型层序,主要发育冲积扇、近岸水下扇等粗碎屑沉积体系;SQB~SQC层序为伸展裂陷型层序,发育近岸水下扇、湖底扇、扇三角洲和半深湖相等沉积体系;SQD~SQF层序为裂陷收敛型层序,发育三角洲、滨浅湖和半深湖以及河流、沼泽相等沉积体系。低位域砂体为岩性圈闭的形成提供有利条件,其时空展布主要受幕式构造运动及其产生的构造坡折带的类型和样式控制。在垂向上,构造坡折带类型控制不同类型低位域砂体的形成和分布,其中断崖型坡折带形成近岸水下扇,断阶型坡折带形成浊积扇以及断坡型坡折带形成扇三角洲砂体;在平面上,构造坡折带平面样式控制低位域砂体的空间展布特征,尤其是砂体的形态及规模受断层调节带控制。受同沉积断层组合样式的控制,平面上主要形成断弯型、断接型、断沟型以及交叉型等4种基本砂体分布类型以及断弯-交叉型、断弯-对接型、断弯-断沟型、对接-交叉型、对接-断沟型和交叉-断沟型等6种复合砂体分布类型。低位域砂体在洼槽区相互叠置、连片分布,为各类岩性-地层圈闭的形成创造条件。  相似文献   

5.
黄河口凹陷古近纪构造坡折带对沉积体系的控制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
坡折带类型、分布对沉积体系具有明显控制作用。通过对黄河口凹陷古近系层序构成样式和沉积充填研究,结果表明:①在盆地幕式断陷活动和同沉积断裂差异活动等构造作用下,形成了断裂坡折和挠曲坡折2种类型的构造坡折带。断裂坡折可以进一步分为断阶坡折、帚状坡折和断裂转换带坡折,不同类型构造坡折带对沉积体系具有明显控制作用。②断阶坡折控制了陡坡带扇三角洲、缓坡带辫状河三角洲沉积体系的形成和分布;帚状坡折控制了沉积体系入湖方向和沉积厚度;断裂调节带控制了辫状河三角洲、湖底扇沉积体系的形成和分布;挠曲坡折控制了辫状河三角洲沉积体系的分布。③构造坡折控制不同类型的圈闭组合,断阶坡折带发育断块型圈闭、岩性上顷尖灭圈闭;帚状坡折带发育掀斜断块圈闭;断裂转换带发育岩性上倾尖灭圈闭、断鼻-岩性圈闭;挠曲坡折带发育地层超覆圈闭。不同类型坡折带对沉积体系的控制为下一步中深层油气勘探指明方向。  相似文献   

6.
东营凹陷下第三系高分辨率层序地层研究   总被引:31,自引:6,他引:31  
李阳  蔡进功  刘建民 《沉积学报》2002,20(2):210-216
本文基于构造层序分析和基准面分析原理,建立了高分辨率地层格架,强调了构造演化对层序样式的控制。断陷湖盆的层序由低位体系域、湖扩展体系域和高位体系域组成,依据其低位体系域特征以及沉积体系的空间配置关系,划分出三种层序样式,其中生长断层型的低位体系域最发育;构造坡折型低位、湖扩展和高位体系域发育齐全,这与海相被动大陆边缘层序样式有类似性;滨岸缓坡型以浅水环境沉积体系为主。构造坡折的存在,为低位扇的发 育提供了广阔的空间,形成了低位三角洲、浊积扇及扇三角洲三种类型低位扇,它们是隐蔽油气藏勘探的主要对象。依据构造坡折带及低位扇发育规律,结合油气成藏条件分析,提出了新的勘探领域,经钻探取得了较好的经济效益,充分证明了层序地层学在陆相盆地中具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

7.
松辽坳陷深水湖盆层序界面特征及低位域沉积模式   总被引:28,自引:8,他引:20  
白垩系青山口组到嫩江组沉积时期,松辽盆地为深水坳陷湖盆,沿长轴方向为缓坡,而在短轴方向为陡坡。缓坡条件下,三级层序界面表现为沉积相带的迁移,地震剖面上的超削反射终止特征不明显,陡坡条件下,三级层序界面不仅表现为沉积相带的迁移,而且在地震剖面上的超削反射终止特征十分明显。在层序内部均可识别出低位域、水进域和高位域。在层序的低位域,沿盆地长轴方向,三角洲水下分流河道十分发育,在河口的前方形成分布较广、相对较薄的河口坝、远砂坝沉积及湖底扇;沿短轴方向,三角洲水下分流河道不发育,而发育河口坝和远砂坝,向湖区方向,过渡为前三角洲和深湖沉积,在前三角洲和深湖沉积区发育大量重力流成因的湖底扇。  相似文献   

8.
以岩心、测井和三维地震等资料分析为基础,结合古生物分析,将珠江口盆地番禺低隆起新近系珠江组到韩江组划分为7个三级层序,归为明显削蚀不整合明显上超不整合、底超不整合弱削蚀或上超不整合和整合界面等.每个三级层序内以主要水进面为界划分出3~4个四级层序.结合地震属性分析,揭示了四级层序框架内沉积体系的分布和发育.受古地貌和相对海平面变化的控制,高位域三角洲砂体主要分布于隆起及以西地区,低位域三角洲前缘砂体主要分布于隆起-缓坡坡折带.概括出高精度层序地层格架内4种潜在的非构造圈闭发育模式并进行了分布预测,认为东部的低位域三角洲前缘砂体和东南部的断裂坡折带下的低位域三角洲前缘砂体,具有良好的成藏条件,易形成构造-岩性或岩性地层油气藏.  相似文献   

9.
中国中、新生代构造相对活动的断陷或陆内前陆盆地充填序列一般可划分出5个级别具有地层对比意义的层序地层单元。层序构成和沉积体系域的发育分布受到盆地形成演化过程中各种构造作用的控制。盆地规模的沉积旋回多是盆地幕式裂陷、多幕挤压挠曲沉降、多期构造反转、断块差异沉降等构造作用的沉积响应;高频层序单元的发育则主要与湖平面和沉积物供给量的变化有关。不同构造演化阶段的层序结构和沉积体系域构成等存在显著差异,主要取决于古构造格架和同沉积构造的活动。构造坡折带是由构造活动所产生的、对沉积作用具有长期控制作用的古沉积斜坡或古地貌突变带,在断陷或前陆等盆地中普遍发育,其识别对阐明盆内沉积体系域,特别是构成重要油气藏的低位域的分布和预测具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
在海相盆地和断陷湖盆中都发育坡折带,并对层序和沉积起重要控制作用,这一观点已得到广泛关注并被普遍接受。利用地震反射剖面及沉积微相组合特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组的研究表明,在大型坳陷湖盆中也发育坡折带,按照在湖盆中的所处位置,可明显划分出深水沉积坡折与浅水沉积坡折两类,前者位于三角洲坡型前缘深水区,后者位于三角洲台型前缘或三角洲平原附近。研究表明,深水沉积坡折主要控制砂质碎屑流与浊流等深水重力流砂体沉积,浅水沉积坡折主要控制正常牵引流三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体沉积。进一步研究认为,除对砂体成因类型具有控制作用外,深水与浅水沉积坡折对延长组中部砂体厚度变化、平面展布形态以及砂体物性变化也具有明显控制作用。在此基础上,文章还讨论了坡折带对油气分布的控制作用,认为延长组油气分布受坡折带与层序格架双重控制,坡上/坡下、高位域/低位域/水进域均能成藏,但规模较大的油气田大多数都位于层序界面附近,要么受坡折带控制,要么受低位域砂体控制,或者二者共同控制。  相似文献   

11.
陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式   总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55  
文中认为 :陆相断陷盆地层序形成的动力学机制源于全球构造事件导致的区域构造应力场、地幔隆升产生的岩石圈拉张伸展而导致的不同级别的幕式构造运动以及由构造、冰川消融作用和地球旋转而产生的气候旋回。基准面的变化是构造、气候的函数 ,对于地史时期的滨海盆地 ,基准面就是相对海平面。不同级别的基准面变化旋回形成不同级别的层序 ,表现为盆地的裂陷旋回期相当于海平面变化旋回的超周期组 ,形成构造层序 ;裂陷幕和气候的二级旋回相当于海平面旋回的超周期 ,形成层序组 ;幕式断陷作用和气候的三级旋回形成层序。断陷盆地一个典型层序形成的模式是 :由于湖水体积的有限性 ,一次断陷和掀斜运动就能产生构造坡折并使湖水体积再分配 ,湖水向主断层和构造坡折之间可容空间增大的区域流动 ,造成基准面下降 ,产生陆上暴露、下切水道、水下冲积扇、废弃型三角洲及扇三角洲构成低位域 (LST)。构造宁静期 ,在气候等因素的作用下 ,湖水将趋于恢复断陷前的位置 ,使基准面 (湖平面 )升高 ,形成湖浸和河流退积作用形成的破坏型三角洲 ,深湖、浊积扇及浅湖构成湖扩张体系域 (EST)。当湖平面达到最高并趋于稳定 ,由于断陷使流域地形变陡 ,大量碎屑物入湖形成以三角洲前积体为主的高位体系域 (HST)。叠加在三级基准?  相似文献   

12.
The structural evolution and stratigraphic architecture of the Southern Lufeng Depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea show two second-order sequences (SSQ1 and SSQ2) and nine third-order sequences (WSQ1-5 and ESQ1-4) within the Eocene rift-related successions. Based on integrated interpretations of seismic reflections, well logs and core data, five distinct tectono-stratigraphic patterns are identified: (1) the initial synrift-I sequence (WSQ1) of low tectonic subsidence, overfilled by alluvial fan or fan-delta deposits and volcanic deposits, with no clear systems tracts; (2) the climax synrift-I sequences (WSQ2–4) developed in response to rapid tectonic subsidence, generally consisting of a low-stand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST) and high-stand systems tract (HST); (3) the late synrift-I sequence (WSQ5) characterised by a decreased tectonic subsidence rate, dominated by braided delta, deep and shallow lacustrine sediments, mainly constructed by TST and HST; (4) the early synrift-II sequences (ESQ1–2) rapidly filled by braided deltaic sandstone and mainly composed of TST and HST with less common LST units; and (5) the late synrift-II sequences (ESQ3–4), which are totally filled by braided deltaic system in a shallow-water lake setting, presenting typical imbricate clinoforms or sub-parallel seismic configurations, consisting of only TST and HST components. During the climax stage of synrift-I development, the depositional setting changed from a prominent shallow lake (WSQ2) to a deep-lucustrine with turbiditic deposits (WSQ3) and finally dominated by mostly braided deltaic-shallow lacustrine deposits (WSQ4); the HST occupies an increasing proportion from early to late. Furthermore, the stratigraphic patterns, especially LST units of the climax synrift-I stage, are significantly influenced by topographic variations and slope-break belt types in the hanging dip-slope. This study reveals that the spatial and temporal evolution of lacustrine depositional and stratigraphic patterns were significantly controlled by the interplay of tectonic subsidence and sediment supply, and provides a fundamental basis for predicting the favourable reservoirs and geometry of source rocks related to the general variability of Eocene rift-related tectonic subsidence in the Southern Lufeng Depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Furthermore, the topographic responses of differential active fault-stepped patterns associated with magma intrusions, highlight the variability of relevant sequence architectures in the hanging dip-slope in lacustrine rift basins.  相似文献   

13.
沉积盆地的构造地层分析——以中国构造活动盆地研究为例   总被引:30,自引:8,他引:22  
林畅松 《现代地质》2006,20(2):185-194
结合盆地形成演化过程中各种构造作用与盆地沉积充填和改造过程的成因分析,是揭示内陆构造活动盆地沉积体系域时空配置和生储盖发育分布的重要基础。各级构造不整合面的发育分布决定着盆地规模等时地层格架的基本样式。盆地构造演化的阶段性、旋回性及多期的构造变革对盆内多旋回的沉积-剥蚀过程的叠加和原型盆地的叠合等可产生深刻的影响。阐明不同构造幕同沉积构造活动和古构造格架与沉积物分散过程和构造古地貌变化的成因关系,是建立盆地沉积充填模式的关键。构造坡折带对特定的沉积相带或体系域的发育具有明显的制约作用,往往构成盆内重要的油气成藏区带。中国西部大型叠合盆地内古隆起的形成演化和隆、坳格局的变迁可导致复杂的层序结构和不整合分布样式,对地层或构造地层圈闭的形成分布具有重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

14.
盆地的形成和充填过程模拟──以拉伸盆地为例   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
林畅松  张燕梅 《地学前缘》1999,6(Z1):139-146
沉积盆地定量动力学模拟和分析是目前地学领域的一个研究热点。文中建立的拉伸盆地模拟系统可模拟拉伸盆地的沉降过程、估算盆地的拉伸量、分析盆地深部结构和热流背景;动态模拟盆地的充填过程及预测层序格架和沉积体系域的分布样式。沉降和热史模拟结合了二维的回剥法和简单或纯剪切的盆地形成模型。盆地充填模型综合考虑了盆地的构造沉降、均衡作用。沉积物供给。海(湖)平面变化等对盆地充填过程的控制作用。对莺、琼盆地模拟分析揭示了盆地的幕式拉伸过程和深部热演化;层序模拟提示了盆地沉降。海平面变化等对盆地充填演化的控制作用。  相似文献   

15.
柴达木第三纪转换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
运用沉积体系组合,构造地层分析和岩浆热流体标志综合分析的方法,探讨了柴达木第三纪转换换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学过程,笔者认为:柴达木第三纪盆地是以扩展裂陷为主的单型盆地,可划分为扇三角洲沉积体系,水下洪积扇-近岸浊流沉积体系,辫状河三角洲沉积体系,常态湖三角洲体系和湖泊沉积体系在湖盆演化的不同阶段,形成冲积扇-扇三角洲-滨浅湖-砾质辫状河沉积,近岸水下重力流-中深湖-扇三角洲,扇三角洲-中浅湖-河流三种湖盆充填形式。依据古构造运动界面和相应整合界面,将第三纪盆地划分为三个构造层序。分别对应于台裂陷,伸展扩张裂陷和转换坳陷三个发展过程。柴达木第三纪转换争盆地形成演化主要受控于地幔热柱的形成和衰减作用,同时喜马拉雅运动等运程应力作用对盆地的演化至关重要。  相似文献   

16.
山东黄县盆地是中国东部一个重要的煤和油页岩共生盆地,古近系李家崖组是盆地主要的含煤岩系发育层段。根据层序地层学理论,建立了古近系层序地层格架;依据钻测井、岩心资料划分了李家崖组的沉积相类型,编制了分体系域的沉积相图。主要结论如下:(1)李家崖组发育湖泊、辫状河三角洲以及扇三角洲3种沉积相类型。(2)层序Ⅰ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以扇三角洲相为主;层序Ⅱ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以湖泊相为主。(3)层序Ⅰ发育时期: 低水位期盆地初始形成—湖扩展期盆地扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩;层序Ⅱ发育时期: 低水位期盆地再次缓慢扩张—湖扩展期盆地加速扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩消亡。  相似文献   

17.
现今我国东部断陷盆地油气勘探已达到较高的程度,目的 层系逐渐向深部转移,是东部断陷盆地下一步主要勘探方向之一.断陷湖盆陡坡带早期发育短轴物源形成的垂直于边界断层的近岸水下扇、扇三角洲和湖底扇,但对于陡坡带其他方向的沉积相类型及其勘探潜力研究较少.本文依据断陷湖盆沉积学原理,采用地震地层学方法,对我国东部典型断陷湖盆陡坡...  相似文献   

18.
The Qaidam Basin is a Mesozoic–Cenozoic compresso-shearing basin in western China. This basin has been subsiding since the Indosinian orogeny, and the subsidence is a strongly inherited feature in its Quaternary development. Five third-order sequences (SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4 and SQ5) were recognised using drilling/logging, coring and seismic data analysis. Each sequence was further divided into transgressive systems tract and regressive systems tract based on the maximum flooding surface. A sequence stratigraphic framework was established that revealed the distribution of sedimentary systems. Seven depositional systems, namely, alluvial fan, fan delta, braided-delta, shore lacustrine, shallow lacustrine, semi-deep lacustrine and incised valley depositional system, were identified from 105 well logs and 2?D seismic lines covering 1600?km. The sedimentary system distribution was identified as follows: (1) large-scale alluvial deposit located on the southern slope and adjacent to Kunlun Mountain and Yaber tectonic zone located northeast of the study area; (2) braided-delta deposits southeast of the Sanhu area; (3) widely developed fan-delta sediments on the base of Qigequan Formation in the Yaber tectonic zone; (4) well-deposited shoal lacustrine facies along the depositional strike in the regressive systems tract; (5) widely distributed shallow lacustrine facies; and (6) incised valley with large lateral extension and incision depth as an entity at the front of the Golmud Basin in the Sanhu area. Two different depositional models, namely, east and west models, were built by conducting an integrated analysis of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary process. In the Sanhu area, the main controlling factors of the sequence architecture and depositional systems associations of the Qigequan Formation are tectonic subsidence and climate change with sediment supply and lake-level fluctuation secondary factors. This case study provides an example of the analyses of sequence stratigraphy and depositional systems in a salinised plateau basin. The approach combines seismic and sedimentary facies analysis to investigate Quaternary deposition and stratigraphy. The low-amplitude tectonic belt on the northern slope and the lithological traps on the southern slope are predicted to be favourable for the lithological gas reservoirs.  相似文献   

19.
The sequence architecture and depositional systems of the Paleogene lacustrine rift succession in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, NE China were investigated based on seismic profiles, combined with well log and core data. Four second‐order or composite sequences and seven third‐order sequences were identified. The depositional systems identified in the basin include: fan delta, braid delta, meander fluvial delta, lacustrine and sublacustrine fan. Identification of the slope break was conducted combining the interpretation of faults of each sequence and the identification of syndepositional faults, based on the subdivision of sequence stratigraphy and analysis of depositional systems. Multiple geomorphologic units were recognized in the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag including faults, flexures, depositional slope break belts, ditch‐valleys and sub‐uplifts in the central sag. Using genetic division principles and taking into consideration tectonic features of the Paleogene of the Huanghekou Sag, the study area was divided into the Northern Steep Slope/Fault Slope Break System, the Southern Gentle Slope Break System and T10 Tectonic Slope Break System/T10 Tectonic Belt. Responses of slope break systems to deposition–erosion are shown as: (1) basin marginal slope break is the boundary of the eroded area and provenance area; (2) ditch‐valley formed by different kinds of slope break belts is a good transport bypass for source materials; (3) shape of the slope break belt of the slope break system controls sediments types; (4) the ditch‐valley and sub‐sag of a slope break system is an unloading area for sediments; and (5) due to their different origins, association characteristics and developing patterns, the Paleogene slope break belt systems in the Huanghekou Sag show different controls on depositional systems. The Northern Fault Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fan delta‐lacustrine‐subaqueous fan, the Southern Gentle Slope Break system controls the deposition of a fluvial–deltaic–shallow lacustrine and sublacustrine fan, and the T10 Tectonic Slope Break System controls the deposition of shallow lacustrine beach bar sandbodies. The existence of a slope break system is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for studying sandbody development. The formation of effective sandbodies along the slope break depends on the reasonable coupling of effective provenance, necessary association patterns of slope break belt, adequate unloading space and creation of definite accommodation space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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