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右江盆地层序充填动力学初探 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：21
在盆地分析及层序地层研究成果基础上,采用层序 -盆地 -地球系统的动态成因分析方法,对右江盆地进行了初步的层序充填动力学研究。首次识别出 5个级别的层序界面及相应的沉积层序,讨论了层序界面与地质事件、层序级别与盆地类型等的关系,进而建立了右江盆地层序地层格架。通过对裂谷盆地层序发育明显受同沉积断裂及基底沉降控制的分析,建立了层序成因与盆地构造活动的关系模型。在此基础上,探讨了层序充填动力学过程及其与盆地演化的关系。右江盆地层序充填过程包括陆内裂陷、陆缘裂谷、弧后裂谷和前陆造山四个阶段,经历了海西 -印支期由拉张到挤压的完整构造旋回。 相似文献
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新疆塔中石炭系层序地层学研究——一个克拉通内坳陷盆地的层序地层框架模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔中地区石炭纪原型沉积盆地属挤压性克拉通内坳陷盆地。在石炭系中可识别出3个Ⅰ型层序界面和3个Ⅱ型层序界面,据此,划分出5个沉积层序。它们具有标准层序所具有的地层特征,相当于三级海平面升降旋回的沉积单元。在区域上或全球范围内这些旋回基本上具可对比性。与被动大陆边缘型盆地相比,其层序地层框架具有明显的差异,主要表现为缺失低水位早、中期的沉积体系,深切河谷不发育,代表最大海泛期的凝缩层不发育;Ⅱ型层序界面较普遍,海岸平原沉积体系发育,在潮湿气候条件下常与陆架型扇三角洲体系共生,组成海陆交互的岩相框架。 相似文献
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中国南方二叠纪层序地层时空格架及充填特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
据华南二叠纪不同沉积盆地层序地层区域分布、纵向演化及其充填特征分析研究,初步建立了上扬子克拉通-右江盆地-钦防盆地、中扬子克拉通及全区的层序地层时空格架模型;提出层序充填可分为两个阶段:早二叠世碳酸盐缓坡-台地层序充填阶段,晚二叠世陆源碎屑为主与火山碎屑相混层序充填阶段;认为全区二叠纪四个Ⅰ型层序受控于构造隆升事件,晚二叠世层序TST普遍发育火山碎屑沉积,古陆边缘HST或少量SMT/LST大多由三角洲沉积体系进积叠加而成,上扬子克拉通及右江地区的生物礁以海侵和高位型为特色。 相似文献
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广东三水盆地古近纪岩相古地理特征及演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据大量的区域地质、钻井岩心、野外露头等资料,以及年代地层和生物地层的研究成果,将三水盆地古近纪地层划分出一个盆地充填层序、两个构造层序和6个层序;在构造层序地层研究基础上,以层序为编图单元,采用压缩法和瞬时作图法,编制了三水盆地古近纪层序岩相古地理图,系统地阐述了层序岩相古地理特征;通过古近纪不同时期的层序岩相古地理演化,将沉积充填分为湖泊细碎屑加积和顶部粗碎屑填积两个演化阶段。 相似文献
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属于被动大陆边缘裂谷盆地的滇黔桂盆地，自加里东运动之后，泥盆纪开始拉开，整个晚古生代延续发展。受同生断裂的控制，在深水盆地中发育大小不等的孤立碳酸盐台地，因而在滇黔桂盆地及其邻区形成特殊的“台-盆-丘-槽”的古地理格局。对不同古地理背景下的典型剖面进行三级层序划分并对其进行空间追索和对比，在滇黔桂盆地及其邻区的石炭纪和二叠纪地层中可以识别出12个三级层序，相当于晚古生代25个三级沉积层序(2-5Ma；SQ1至SQ25)中的SQ24至SQ25；以地层记录中的的两种相变面和两种穿时性为基本要素，可以建立研究区石炭系和二叠系的层序地层格架；层序地层格架反映了三级层序的基本特征：空间上相序的有序性和时间上环境变化的同步性。研究区的石炭系和二叠系，主要为一套碳酸盐岩地层，其中在连陆台地上发育3套煤系地层，它们分别组成石炭纪三级层序SQ15跨系的三级层序SQ19的HST以及二叠纪吴家坪期的三级层序SQ24；而且在连陆台地边缘和孤立台地上，于阳新世的茅口亚世以及乐平世的长兴期发育海绵生物礁，海绵生物礁分别构成了以下二叠系三级层序即阳新世的SQ22和SQ23以及长兴期的SQ25。3套煤系地层和两套海绵生物礁的发育，使研究区的石炭系和二叠系形成了一个与欧美地区完全不同的层序地层序列。在研究区石炭系和二叠系所识别出的12个三级层序中，石炭纪一二叠纪船山世地层可以划分出6个三级层序。这种划分与Busch等对北美相同层位的划分相似，也就是说该6个三级层序的形成时限大于10Ma；较长的形成时限可能反映了形成在联合古陆汇聚时期即全球构造相对稳定时期三级海平面变化的一个特性。因此，研究区的石炭系和二叠系所识别和划分出的12个三级层序，其数量比Ross和Ross(1985)对欧美地区石炭系和二叠系所划分出的50多个三级层序要少得多。 相似文献
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东秦岭柞水-镇安地区泥盆纪沉积环境和沉积盆地演化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
东秦岭陕南柞水-镇安地区泥盆纪沉积盆地中主要发育有冲积扇、小型辩状河、河口湾、潮坪、潮下洼地、台地边缘生物滩、生物礁、开阔台地、斜坡和盆地沉积环境。台地沉积主要由陆源碎屑和碳酸盐混合类型岩石组成,斜坡-盆地为巨厚的陆源碎屑浊积岩充填。根据沉积作用特征和大地构造差异,在构造活动期和构造稳定期的沉积模式就反映了沉积盆地演化特征。 根据沉积作用,沉积环境的发展变化,结合区域构造特征、地层层序、岩浆活动和变质作用、地球物理和化学资料,论证了当时沉积盆地为南北向展布（与秦岭造山带总体方向垂直）,具向东走滑的大陆边缘裂谷-断陷盆地。盆地的发展演化阶段为:（1）岩石圈裂前拱起-陆内裂谷早期阶段（Z2-S）;（2）大陆边缘裂谷-断陷盆地的中期阶段（D1-D3）;（3）晚期回返-陆内俯冲阶段（C-T2）。盆地的关闭是由于强烈陆内俯冲,同时盆地被挤压进东西向展布的秦岭造山带。 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(6)
台湾东部海岸山脉弧前盆地层序由西侧的利吉混杂岩和东侧的残留弧前浊积层序组成,记录了北吕宋火山岛弧与欧亚大陆边缘碰撞的构造演化。在海岸山脉中段,利吉混杂岩不仅分布于乐合弧前盆地西侧,也出露于残留弧前层序中央。本文通过野外地质调查及微体化石研究,论述乐合弧前盆地内各地层单元的时空展布特征及其构造控制机制。综合浮游有孔虫与钙质超微化石研究结果,利吉混杂岩泥质基质可限定在早上新世4.3~3.4 Ma内,而残留弧前浊积层序沉积在晚上新世3.4~3.0 Ma,说明利吉混杂岩不是与残留弧前浊积层序同时异相的滑塌堆积,出露于盆地中心的利吉混杂岩也不是沉积于向斜轴部的最年轻地层。在乐合弧前盆地,年老的利吉混杂岩总体上分布于年轻的残留弧前层序西侧,该地层展布特征类似于台湾东南海域北吕宋海槽内受向东背冲构造控制的花东海脊–残留弧前盆地。这说明乐合弧前盆地早期沉积层序在不晚于3.4 Ma时同样受到背冲构造的控制,被变形抬升为花东海脊地形高区。而位于东侧的残留弧前盆地在3.4~3.0 Ma间继续沉积正常浊积层序。乐合弧前盆地的地层展布特征不仅记录了初期弧陆碰撞阶段的向东背冲构造,也记录了成熟期弧陆碰撞阶段的向西逆冲构造。在成熟期弧陆碰撞阶段,花东海脊被进一步向西剪切为利吉混杂岩,残留弧前层序及火山岛弧向西逆掩于利吉混杂岩之上,形成海岸山脉。由于河流的侵蚀作用使得部分利吉混杂岩以构造窗的方式出露于盆地中心。 相似文献
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豫西震旦系露头层序地层学初步研究及… 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用露头层序地层学的方法，对豫西鲁山下汤和临罗圈震旦系剖面进行了研究，并结合区域上该地层的发育特征，初步识别出３个Ｉ类层序，前两个层序分别与岩石地层单位黄连垛组和董家组相当，属于缓坡沉积模式（ｒａｍｐｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｅｄｍｏｄｅｌ）；第三层序由罗圈组和东坡组组成，沉积于具陆架坡折（ｓｈｅｌｆｂｒｅａｋ）的盆地中，豫西与扬子地台震旦系层序基本可以对比。 相似文献
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根据岩石沉积类型、物源供给、成因机制和沉积序列 ,结合区域地质特征 ,将兰坪盆地三叠系划分为陆相火山泥石流、河流相、三角洲相、潮坪相、浅海陆棚相、碳酸盐台地相和深水盆地相7种主要沉积类型。通过对沉积相的详细分析 ,恢复其古地理格架和面貌 ,探讨岩相古地理的变迁历史 ,从而表明三叠纪早期到晚期 ,其古地理经历了陆相环境→碎屑海盆→碳酸盐海盆到碎屑海盆的转换 ,即两次海侵 海退旋回。早期的海域分布范围较小 ,晚期的海域分布范围较宽 ,并成为统一的海盆。 相似文献
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Abstract The north-east Australian margin is the largest modern example of a tropical mixed siliciclastic/carbonate depositional system, with an outer shelf hosting the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and an inner shelf dominated by fluvially sourced siliciclastic sediment wedges. The long-term interplay between these sediment components and sea level is recorded in the Queensland Trough, a 1–2 km deep N–S elongate basin situated between the GBR platform and the Queensland Plateau. In this paper, 154 samples from 45 surface grabs and six well-dated piston cores were analysed for total carbonate content, carbonate mineralogy and Sr concentration to establish spatial and temporal patterns of carbonate accumulation in the Queensland Trough over the last 300 kyr. Surface carbonate contents are lowest on the inner-shelf (<5%) and in the trough axis (<60%) because of siliciclastic dilution. Carbonate on the shelf is mostly Sr-rich aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC), whereas that in the basin is mostly low-Mg calcite. Once normalized to remove the effects of siliciclastic dilution, surface Sr-rich aragonite and HMC abundances decrease linearly to background levels ≈ 100 km seaward of the shelf edge. Core samples show that, over time, normalized aragonite and Sr abundances are greatest during periods of shelf flooding and lowest when sea level drops below the shelf edge. This is consistent with changes in the production of coral and calcareous algae, and the shedding of their debris from the shelf. Interestingly, normalized HMC concentrations on the slope peak during periods of major transgression, perhaps because of maximum off-shelf transport from inter-reef areas or intermediate water dissolution. After accounting for siliciclastic dilution, there are strong similarities in both spatial and temporal patterns of carbonate minerals between slopes and basins of the north-east Australian margin and those of pure carbonate margins such as the Bahamas. A limited set of basic processes, including the formation and breakdown of carbonate on the shelf, the transport of carbonate off the shelf and eustatic sea level, probably controls carbonate accumulation in slope and basin settings of tropical environments, irrespective of proximal siliciclastic sediment sources. 相似文献
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Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran 
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下载免费PDF全文 XU Guoqiang ZHANG Shaonan LI Zhongdong SONG Lailiang LIU Huimin 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(3):488-500
The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration. 相似文献
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对于海相沉积盆地而言，在一个三级海平面变化周期内形成的层序，具有全球可对比性的等时地层单元，跨时约0.3-3Ma。在三维高分辨率地震、岩心和测井解释资料基础之上，通过岩石地层旋回特征、可容空间以及层序地层关键界面识别，将珠江口盆地渐新世晚期的珠海组二段分为S1和S2两个三级层序，由于坳陷处于浅海陆棚环境，每个层序中的低水位体系域不发育，局部以受断层控制的水下峡谷充填为特征。 相似文献
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Abstract The Kyokpori Formation (Cretaceous), south‐west Korea, represents a small‐scale lacustrine strike‐slip basin and consists of an ≈ 290 m thick siliciclastic succession with abundant volcaniclasts. The succession can be organized into eight facies associations representing distinctive depositional environments: (I) subaqueous talus; (II) delta plain; (III) steep‐gradient large‐scale delta slope; (IV) base of delta slope to prodelta; (V) small‐scale nested Gilbert‐type delta; (VI) small‐scale delta‐lobe system; (VII) subaqueous fan; and (VIII) basin plain. Facies associations I, III and IV together constitute a large‐scale steep‐sloped delta system. Correlation of the sedimentary succession indicates that the formation comprises two depositional sequences: the lower coarsening‐ to fining‐upward succession (up to 215 m thick) and the upper fining‐upward succession (up to 75 m thick). Based on facies distribution, architecture and correlation of depositional sequences, three stages of basin evolution are reconstructed. Stage 1 is represented by thick coarse‐grained deposits in the lower succession that form subaqueous breccia talus and steep‐sloped gravelly delta systems along the northern and southern basin margins, respectively, and a sandy subaqueous fan system inside the basin, abutting against a basement high. This asymmetric facies distribution suggests a half‐graben structure for the basin, and the thick accumulation of coarse‐grained deposits most likely reflects rapid subsidence of the basin floor during the transtensional opening of the basin. Stage 2 is marked by sandy black shale deposits in the upper part of the lower succession. The black shale is readily correlated across the basin margins, indicating a basinwide transgression probably resulting from large‐scale dip slip suppressing the lateral slip component on basin‐bounding faults. Stage 3 is characterized by gravelly delta‐lobe deposits in the upper succession that are smaller in dimension and located more basinward than the deposits of marginal systems of the lower succession. This lakeward shift of depocentre suggests a loss of accommodation in the basin margins and quiescence of fault movements. This basin evolution model suggests that the rate of dip‐slip displacement on basin‐margin faults can be regarded as the prime control for determining stacking patterns of such basin fills. The resultant basinwide fining‐upward sequences deviate from the coarsening‐upward cycles of other transtensional basins and reveal the variety of stratigraphic architecture in strike‐slip basins controlled by the changes in relative sense and magnitude of fault movements at the basin margins. 相似文献
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Thick sequences of sediment surround the Whitsunday Islands on the middle shelf of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Platform. Much of this sediment is siliciclastic material deposited since the sea‐level highstand at around 6·5 ka. This raises a mass balance dilemma because modern terrigenous discharge to the GBR Platform is restricted to the inner shelf. Shallow seismic profiles and sediment samples were collected over 450 km2 around the Whitsunday Islands to quantify the mass of siliciclastic sediment for a dynamic model of the shelf. The sea floor and pre‐Holocene surfaces were mapped using 4584 stations along the seismic profiles and a graphical computer program. The total volume of sediment between these two surfaces is 3·67 ± 0·45 × 109 m3. This volume is composed of buried reefs (0·13 ± 0·01 × 109 m3), medium‐ (0·70 ± 0·30 × 109 m3) and fine‐grained shoals (2·84 ± 0·35 × 109 m3). The volume estimates combined with measurements of carbonate concentration, density and porosity indicate that 1850 ± 380 Mt of Holocene siliciclastic sediment surround the Whitsunday Islands in medium‐ (510 ± 225 Mt) and fine‐grained shoals (1340 ± 155 Mt). The total mass of siliciclastic material is 1·7–2·6 times that stored in Cleveland Bay, a similar sized repository on the inner shelf. A simple numerical model has been constructed to explain this large quantity of Holocene siliciclastic sediment. The model results in the appropriate siliciclastic mass next to the Whitsunday Islands by integrating regional shelf processes over time. Unlike the present day, rivers discharged sediment to the middle shelf during the early Holocene. This material was subsequently focused by northward transport into the vicinity of the islands, a geomorphologically complex region that serves as a sediment trap. Although direct riverine inputs to the middle shelf have stopped during the present sea‐level highstand, previously deposited siliciclastic sediment is continually being winnowed from the middle shelf and redeposited next to the Whitsunday Islands. The transport and distribution of siliciclastic sediment on the GBR Platform is thus influenced significantly by storage around islands on the middle shelf. 相似文献
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The Late Triassic Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework of the Upper Yangtze Region, South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the transitional period between the Middle and the Late Triassic, the Indochina orogeny caused two tectonic events in South China: (1) the formation and uplift of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt along the northern margin of the South China Plate, due to its collision with the North China Plate; and 2) the development of a 1300-km-wide intra-continental orogen in the southeastern part of the South China Plate, which led to a northwestward movement of the foreland thrust-fold zone. These tectonic events resulted in the ending of the Yangtze Platform, and were a stable paleogeographic factor from the Eidacaran to the end of the Middle Triassic. This platform was characterized by the widespread development of shallow-water carbonates. After the end of the Yangtze Platform, the upper Yangtze foreland basin (or Sichuan foreland basin) was formed during the Late Triassic and became a accumulation site of fluvial deposits that are composed of related strata of the Xujiahe Formation. In western Sichuan Province, the Xujiahe Formation overlies the Maantang Formation shallow-water carbonate rocks of the Xiaotangzi Formation siliciclastic rocks (from shelf shales to littoral facies). The sequence-stratigraphic framework of the Upper Triassic in the upper Yangtze foreland basin indicates a particular alluvial architecture, characterized by sequences composed of (1) successions of low-energy fluvial deposits of high-accommodation phases, including coal seams, and (2) high-energy fluvial deposits of low-accommodation phases, including amalgamated river-channel sandstones. The spatial distribution of these fluvial deposits belonging to the Xujiahe Formation and its relative strata is characterized by gradual thinning-out, overlapping, and pinching-out toward both the east and south. This sedimentary record therefore expresses a particular sequence-stratigraphic succession of fluvial deposits within the filling succession of the foreland basin. The sequence-stratigraphic framework for the Upper Triassic in the Upper Yangtze region provides a record of the end of the Yangtze Platform and the formation of the upper Yangtze foreland basin. 相似文献
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Christian Gorini Bilal U. Haq Antonio Tadeu dos Reis Cleverson Guizan Silva Alberto Cruz Emilson Soares Didier Grangeon 《地学学报》2014,26(3):179-185
The margin of the Foz do Amazonas Basin saw a shift from predominantly carbonate to siliciclastic sedimentation in the early late Miocene. By this time, the Amazon shelf had also been incised by a canyon that allowed direct influx of sediment to the basin floor, thus confirming that the palaeo‐Amazon fan had already initiated by that time (9.5–8.3 Ma). Above this interval, during a prolonged lowstand, Messinian third‐order sequences are preserved only in the incised‐valley fills of the canyon with no equivalent strata on the shelf. Third‐ and fourth‐order sequences younger than Messinian are preserved on the shelf after sea‐level rise above the shelf by the early Pliocene. Sequences younger than 3.8 Ma often show fourth‐order cyclicity with an average duration of 400 ka (larger scale eccentricity cycles) often preserved in high‐sedimentation‐rate areas of river deltas. Mass wasting and transportation of slope sediments to the basin began to play an important role in sediment dispersal at least as far back as the mid‐Pliocene, after rapid progradation had produced steeper slopes more prone to failure. 相似文献