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结合某大坝工程实测数据,建立该大坝位移量和相关因子的逐步回归模型和神经网络模型,并对两者模型结果进行比较,结果表明神经网络方法在大坝变形分析和预报方面效果良好。 相似文献
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航空重力测量数据向下延拓基于信噪比的正则化方法的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了正则化方法在航空重力测量数据向下延拓问题中的应用。首先对这种不适定问题的线性模型,分析了设计阵的复共线性结构与其对参数估计危害之间的关系,利用参数LS估计的信噪比提取了各个参数是否受到复共线性严重危害的信息,从而在一定程度上揭示了设计阵复共线性结构的特征。然后提出了基于信噪比的正则化方法（SNR）,以信噪比为依据构造正则化矩阵,以极小化均方误差为目标选取正则化参数。本文构造正则化矩阵无需利用附加物理或先验信息,这对于在缺乏此类信息的情况下运用正则化方法提供了新的手段。最后进行了数值试验,结果表明,本文提出的新方法（SNR）比普通的正则化方法（OR）在滤噪和保真方面表现更佳。 相似文献
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Geographically weighted regression (GWR) extends the familiar regression framework by estimating a set of parameters for any number of locations within a study area, rather than producing a single parameter estimate for each relationship specified in the model. Recent literature has suggested that GWR is highly susceptible to the effects of multicollinearity between explanatory variables and has proposed a series of local measures of multicollinearity as an indicator of potential problems. In this paper, we employ a controlled simulation to demonstrate that GWR is in fact very robust to the effects of multicollinearity. Consequently, the contention that GWR is highly susceptible to multicollinearity issues needs rethinking. 相似文献
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TSVD通过截断参数截掉较小的奇异值来改善病态性对估计的影响,其本质是通过引入少量偏差来降低方差,以提高估值的稳定性和可靠性。截断参数是影响TSVD解算效果的关键因素,常用的广义交叉核实法(GCV法)和L曲线法未从TSVD改善模型参数估值质量的角度确定截断参数,稳定性和可靠性不足,而最小MSE法理论依据充分但受限于MSE计算的准确性。通过分析TSVD由小到大截掉奇异值后,相应的估值方差与偏差变化,本文提出了引入偏差量小于降低方差量来确定截断参数的思想,并通过估计出较大奇异值截掉后的偏差引入量建立偏差估值可信区间,利用可信区间内偏差估值与方差下降量进行比较,避免较小奇异值截掉后的方差下降量与偏差引入量的直接比较,从而解决参数真值未知截掉较小奇异值引入偏差量难以准确计算的问题。最后通过试验验证了新方法的可行性和有效性,相比于GCV法和L曲线法,新方法确定的截断参数稳定性和可靠性更高,可有效提高TSVD的解算效果。 相似文献
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合成孔径雷达(SAR)稀疏成像模型中的参数选择对于SAR稀疏成像的性能有重要影响,也是当前SAR稀疏成像研究中的难点问题。已有参数选择方法普遍存在适用于个别模型或者运算量大的缺点。基于最大后验概率估计和贝叶斯推理,提出了一种无需额外先验信息的自适应参数选择方法,所有需要的参数都可从已知的数据中获取。通过推导得到模型参数与信号、噪声方差的关系,避免了对数据进行一系列的训练处理,因此极大地减小了计算量。仿真数据和实测数据处理表明,本文方法在实现了较为精确的参数优化选择的前提下,其计算量远低于贝叶斯信息论准则、L-曲线等已有参数选择方法。 相似文献
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Tikhonov正则化法是大地测量中应用最为广泛的病态问题解算方法之一。影响正则化法解算效果的重要因素是正则化参数,然而,最优正则化参数的确定一直是正则化解算的难题,如L曲线法确定的正则化参数具有稳定性好、可靠性高的优点,但存在过度平滑问题,导致正则化法对模型参数估值精度改善较小。本文从均方误差角度分析了正则化参数对模型参数估计质量的影响。基于奇异值分解技术,提出了由模型参数投影值分块计算均方误差的方法,避免了均方误差迭代计算,并基于均方误差最小准则给出了正则化参数优化方法,实现了对L曲线正则化参数的优化。数值模拟试验与PolInSAR植被高反演试验结果表明,正则化参数优化方法有效改善了正则化法解算效果,提高了模型参数估计精度。 相似文献
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地理加权回归是常用的空间分析方法,已广泛应用于各个领域,但利用此方法进行回归分析前,往往忽略了对设计矩阵进行局部多重共线性的诊断,从而导致对模型的估计不准确。因此,本文在引入了全局模型的多重共线性诊断方法的基础上,对这些方法进行了改进,改进后构建了加权方差膨胀因子法和加权条件指标方法——分解比法,用于诊断地理加权回归模型设计矩阵的多重共线性问题。实验结果表明,多重共线性不存在于全局模型,而可能存在于局部模型中,构建的两种方法能够有效地诊断地理加权回归模型的多重共线性问题,且加权条件指标方法——分解比法比加权方差膨胀因子法在诊断多重共线性问题上更有优势。 相似文献
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选权拟合法是解决大地测量中的不适定问题的一种方法,是对吉洪诺夫正则化方法的改造。在推导一般正则化解的偏差计算公式并回顾了选权拟合法的基本原理和公式的基础上,推导了选权拟合法解的一个重要性质:只要被约束的部分参数估值无偏,其余的也无偏;该性质说明利用选权拟合进行参数估计的结果是有条件无偏的。这个不同于一般正则化解的重要特性可以用于设计加快GPS短基线快速定位双差模糊度解算策略。恰当利用选权拟合法,用实测数据算例分析了GPS基线分量的先验信息的偏差大小对模糊度解算的影响。 相似文献
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非线性方程参数估计存在的弊端在于非线性观测方程存在不适定问题时,以线性化平差估计和高斯牛顿为代表的经典数值算法会产生较强的不稳定特征。因此,针对传统非线性最小二乘求解不稳定且可靠性低的特点,基于稳定泛函极小准则最优化思想,提出了一种自适应松弛正则化数值算法。该算法采用正则化参数几何递增计算方法和残差最小步长准则,实现了正则参数和迭代步长计算的完全自适应,提高了非线性迭代收敛效率。以病态仿真数据和水下实测数据为例,验证了该方法的数值收敛解优于线性平差估计解,收敛效率优于迭代Tikhonov正则化方法。 相似文献
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TSVD是大地测量病态问题解算的常用有效方法。影响TSVD解算效果的关键因素是截断参数,现有截断参数确定方法可提供有效的截断参数,但仍难以给出最优截断参数。以均方误差最小为准则确定截断参数是一种理论依据较充分的截断参数确定方法,但均方误差计算所需的模型参数真值在实际应用中无法获得,导致该方法难以给出理论最优截断参数。鉴于此,本文研究了基于均方误差影响下(方差与偏差联合影响)参数估值变化特性的TSVD截断参数确定方法。通过TSVD依次截掉小奇异值,获得奇异值截掉前后的方差与参数估值变化,利用两者变化分析确定偏差影响,避免依赖参数真值计算偏差,从而确定出均方误差最小理论下的截断参数。数值与应用试验结果表明,本文方法确定的截断参数可有效改善TSVD解算效果,是一种行之有效的截断参数确定方法。 相似文献
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Soil salinization is a worldwide environmental problem with severe economic and social consequences. In this paper, estimating the soil salinity of Pingluo County, China by a partial least squares regression (PLSR) predictive model was carried out using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra. At first, a relationship between the sensitive bands of soil salinity acquired from measured reflectance spectra and the spectral coverage of seven commonly used optical sensors was analyzed. Secondly, the potentiality of QuickBird data in estimating soil salinity by analyzing the correlations between the measured reflectance spectra and reflectance spectra derived from QuickBird data and analyzing the contributions of each band of QuickBird data to soil salinity estimation Finally, a PLSR predictive model of soil salinity was developed using reflectance spectra from QuickBird data and eight spectral indices derived from QuickBird data. The results indicated that the sensitive bands covered several bands of each optical sensor and these sensors can be used for soil salinity estimation. The result of estimation model showed that an accurate prediction of soil salinity can be made based on the PLSR method (R2 = 0.992, RMSE = 0.195). The PLSR model's performance was better than that of the stepwise multiple regression (SMR) method. The results also indicated that using spectral indices such as intensity within spectral bands (Int1, Int2), soil salinity indices (SI1, SI2, SI3), the brightness index (BI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) as independent model variables can help to increase the accuracy of soil salinity mapping. The NDVI and RVI can help to reduce the influences of vegetation cover and soil moisture on prediction accuracy. The method developed in this paper can be applied in other arid and semi-arid areas, such as western China. 相似文献
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The nature of the gravity field inverse problem amplifies the noise in the GRACE data, which creeps into the mid and high degree and order harmonic coefficients of the Earth’s monthly gravity fields provided by GRACE. Due to the use of imperfect background models and data noise, these errors are manifested as north-south striping in the monthly global maps of equivalent water heights. In order to reduce these errors, this study investigates the use of the L-curve method with Tikhonov regularization. L-curve is a popular aid for determining a suitable value of the regularization parameter when solving linear discrete ill-posed problems using Tikhonov regularization. However, the computational effort required to determine the L-curve is prohibitively high for a large-scale problem like GRACE. This study implements a parameter-choice method, using Lanczos bidiagonalization which is a computationally inexpensive approximation to L-curve. Lanczos bidiagonalization is implemented with orthogonal transformation in a parallel computing environment and projects a large estimation problem on a problem of the size of about 2 orders of magnitude smaller for computing the regularization parameter. Errors in the GRACE solution time series have certain characteristics that vary depending on the ground track coverage of the solutions. These errors increase with increasing degree and order. In addition, certain resonant and near-resonant harmonic coefficients have higher errors as compared with the other coefficients. Using the knowledge of these characteristics, this study designs a regularization matrix that provides a constraint on the geopotential coefficients as a function of its degree and order. This regularization matrix is then used to compute the appropriate regularization parameter for each monthly solution. A 7-year time-series of the candidate regularized solutions (Mar 2003–Feb 2010) show markedly reduced error stripes compared with the unconstrained GRACE release 4 solutions (RL04) from the Center for Space Research (CSR). Post-fit residual analysis shows that the regularized solutions fit the data to within the noise level of GRACE. A time series of filtered hydrological model is used to confirm that signal attenuation for basins in the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) database over 320 km radii is less than 1 cm equivalent water height RMS, which is within the noise level of GRACE. 相似文献
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针对铁磁性物质反演中正则化参数自适应选择的问题,提出了基于χ2准则的磁梯度张量3D聚焦反演方法。利用深度加权矩阵和最小支撑矩阵对经典Tikhonov正则化理论框架下的反演模型进行约束得到目标函数,避免了由于反演参数多于采集点数而导致反演解的多解性,并有效解决了核函数随深度增大而快速衰减的问题。通过对目标函数进行迭代奇异值分解获得最佳物性参数,并根据χ2准则自适应地确定目标函数在迭代过程中的正则化参数,提高了迭代速度和求解精度。仿真和实验结果表明:该方法能准确还原磁性异常体的轮廓形态,具有较好的模型分辨率。 相似文献
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Multicollinearity and correlation among local regression coefficients in geographically weighted regression 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
Present methodological research on geographically weighted regression (GWR) focuses primarily on extensions of the basic GWR model, while ignoring well-established diagnostics tests commonly used in standard global regression analysis. This paper investigates multicollinearity issues surrounding the local GWR coefficients at a single location and the overall correlation between GWR coefficients associated with two different exogenous variables. Results indicate that the local regression coefficients are potentially collinear even if the underlying exogenous variables in the data generating process are uncorrelated. Based on these findings, applied GWR research should practice caution in substantively interpreting the spatial patterns of local GWR coefficients. An empirical disease-mapping example is used to motivate the GWR multicollinearity problem. Controlled experiments are performed to systematically explore coefficient dependency issues in GWR. These experiments specify global models that use eigenvectors from a spatial link matrix as exogenous variables.This study was supported by grant number 1 R1 CA95982-01, Geographic-Based Research in Cancer Control and Epidermiology, from the National Cancer Institute. The author thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments. 相似文献
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针对短基线集形变模型反演中法方程系数矩阵呈病态的问题,提出一种正则化稳健解算方法。该方法基于Tikhonov正则化理论,将形变速率求解问题转化为极小化问题,根据L-曲线法选取正则化参数,考虑最小二乘残差各个分量间的关系选取正则化矩阵,实现短基线集形变模型反演的稳健解算。分别采用LS法、岭估计法和Tikhonov正则化法对覆盖北京地区的29景ENVISAT ASAR数据进行处理,反演出研究区沉降速率图。通过对代表不同沉降情况的21个点的均方误差值和时间相干值、整个研究区的均方误差图等的对比分析,表明本文提出的短基线集形变模型反演的正则化稳健解算方法可获取更可靠的形变监测结果。 相似文献
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将复共线性对参数估计危害的度量结果与截断奇异值估计相结合,提出了基于信噪比检验的双截断奇异值估计。利用信噪比检验,根据每个参数最小二乘估计信噪比估值的大小将待估参数分为受复共线性危害较大和较小的两部分,并对这两部分参数的截断奇异值估计进行不同强度的截断。对受复共线性危害较大的部分参数,使其截断参数相对较小,对受复共线性危害较小的部分参数,使其截断参数较大。这种精细化的处理在有效降低参数估计方差的同时减少了偏差的引入。将基于信噪比检验的双截断奇异值估计应用于GEO卫星定轨仿真算例中,实验结果表明,新方法的解算精度较高。 相似文献
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为了避免有偏估计的偏差对可靠部分的影响,提出了偏差矫正的正则化方法,但是偏差矫正项的选取是个关键问题。首先采用复共线性诊断、度量和检验所获得的重要信息,对受复共线性危害严重的分量进行估计,且使得均方误差达到极小。然后基于偏差矫正的正则化解法的一般理论,得到偏差矫正的分析性条件,从而得到一种新的基于复共线性诊断确定偏差矫正项的截断型岭估计。最后通过算例分析验证了该方法在提高解的质量、参数估值的准确性和稳定性方面的优良性。 相似文献