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1.
By applying the series expansion technique in the complex variable method established by Muskhelishvili, the plane elasticity problem for the stress and displacement field around a lined circular tunnel in conjunction with the consideration of misfit and interaction between the liner and the surrounding geomaterial is dealt with. The tunnel is assumed to be driven in a homogeneous and isotropic geomaterial. The coefficients in the Laurent series expansion of the stress functions are determined. The complex potentials in the liner and the surrounding geomaterial are explicitly derived, respectively. As an example, the case of a lined circular tunnel located in an isotropic initial stress field but subjected to uniform internal pressure is numerically considered. Numerical results indicate that the installation of tunnel liner can reduce the influences of the tunnel excavation on the in situ displacement and stress fields. However, the relative thickness and rigidity of the liner should be in an appropriate range. In addition, the effect of the tunnel excavation upon the displacement field is more significant than that upon the stress field. As far as the stress field in the surrounding geomaterial is concerned, when the ratio between the cover depth of tunnel and the tunnel radius is larger than 5, the results for the stress field in the paper are applicable. When the ratio between the tunnel depth and the tunnel radius is larger than 20, the results are applicable for the displacement field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
基于Biot理论,研究了饱和土中带有衬砌的圆形隧洞在移动环形荷载作用下的动力响应。假定衬砌为弹性体,土体为饱和多孔介质,引入两类势函数来表示土体、孔隙水和衬砌的位移,使隧洞的控制方程解耦。结合边界条件及连续条件,通过傅立叶变换得到频率-波数域中衬砌和土体的应力、位移和孔隙水压力解答,最后用傅立叶积分逆变换得到时-空域中的数值解。计算并比较了3种隧洞模型（弹性土体隧洞、饱和土体隧洞和饱和土衬砌隧洞）的动力响应分析。数值分析结果说明：（1）移动荷载速度对3种隧洞动力响应均具有较大影响;（2）弹性土体隧洞和饱和土体隧洞的动力响应具有明显区别,所以在富水地区的隧洞动力响应中土体应该视为饱和土体;（3）衬砌对隧洞动力响应有较大影响,故隧洞的动力分析中不能忽略衬砌作用。 相似文献
3.
爆炸对结构物的作用可以看成是冲击力和热的共同作用结果。基于Biot热弹性波动理论,利用饱和多孔介质热- 流-固耦合动力响应模型,研究了饱和软黏土中隧道结构内受指数衰减热/力冲击荷载作用下的动力响应。利用Flügge薄壳理论,得到隧道结构的运动方程。考虑土-结构接触面上的协调条件并利用热-流-固耦合动力响应模型的通解,得到了热/力冲击荷载作用下应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应在Laplace变换域中的解。利用Laplace数值逆变换技术得到数值计算结果,探讨了冲击荷载和热荷载作用下隧道结构刚度和厚度对应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应的影响。结果表明：在爆炸冲击荷载作用下,隧洞衬砌对周围土体起到很好的屏蔽作用,且衬砌刚度越大,其保护效果越好;衬砌与土体接触面上应力随衬砌刚度增大而减小,并且刚度越大应力衰减越快;衬砌刚度和厚度对热冲击的位移响应有明显影响,而对其温度响应的影响较小。 相似文献
4.
The problem of the coseismic deformation of an earth model consisting of an elastic layer of uniform thickness overlying an
elastic half-space due to a very long tensile fault in the layer is solved analytically. Integral expressions for the surface
displacements are obtained for a vertical tensile fault and a horizontal tensile fault. The integrals involved are evaluated
approximately by using Sneddon’s method of replacing the integrand by a finite sum of exponential terms. Detailed numerical
results showing the variation of the displacements with epicentral distance for various source locations in the layer are
presented graphically. The displacement field in the layered half-space is compared with the corresponding field in a uniform
half-space to demonstrate the effect of the internal boundary. Relaxed rigidity method is used for computing the postseismic
deformation of an earth model consisting of an elastic layer of uniform thickness overlying a viscoelastic half-space. 相似文献
5.
为研究浅埋黄土隧道锚喷初支+初衬+二衬构成的3层支护体系力学特性,以某黄土隧道为依托,采用钢弦式传感器对围岩压力、初衬与二衬接触压力、二衬钢筋轴力、二衬混凝土应变、钢拱架应力等进行了系统测试与分析。结果表明：(1) 作用在左拱腰处的围岩压力较大,且稳定值为240 kPa;(2) 浅埋段按不同围岩压力计算公式得到压力值均大于围岩压力实测值,其中采用太沙基公式得到的压力值与实测值相对接近;(3) 该黄土隧道二衬全部受压,其分布形态呈明显的猫耳形,初支、初衬、二衬承受的荷载比例分别为51.34%、37.29%、11.38%;(4) 钢拱架整体以受压为主,在拱顶和拱腰处受力较大,接近屈服状态;(5) 初支发挥了一定的围岩自承能力,其与初衬共同承担了大部分围岩荷载,二衬主要为结构安全储备。 相似文献
6.
The construction of quasirectangular tunnels at shallow depths is becoming increasingly common in urban areas to efficiently utilize underground space and reduce the need for backfilling. To clarify the mechanical mechanism of the stresses and displacements around the tunnels, this study proposes analytical solutions that precisely account for quasirectangular tunnel shapes, the ground surface, the tunnel depth, and the ground's elastic/viscoelastic properties. The Schwarz alternating method combined with complex variable theory is employed to derive the elastic solution, and convergent and highly accurate solutions are obtained by superposing the solutions in the alternating iterations. Based on the solution and the extended corresponding principle for the viscoelastic problem, the time-dependent analytical solutions for the displacement are obtained for the ground assuming any viscoelastic model. The analytical solutions agree well with the finite element method (FEM) numerical results for models that are completely consistent, and qualitatively agree with field data. Furthermore, based on the stress solution combined with the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the predicted initial plastic zone and propagation directions around the tunnels are qualitatively consistent with those determined by the limit analysis. A parametric study is performed to investigate the influences of the rectangular/quasirectangular tunnel shape, burial depth, and supporting pressure on the ground stresses and displacements. 相似文献
7.
Summary. The liner of a pressure tunnel needs to be designed such that it can withstand the loads from the ground, the internal pressure,
and minimize the development of significant pore pressures at the liner-ground interface. Pore pressures behind the liner
reduce the effective stresses in the ground immediately in contact with the liner and can ultimately produce loss of support
from the ground. Deformations and loads of the liner are intimately connected to the interplay that exists between liner,
ground, and pore pressures in the ground. A closed-form analytical solution has been derived that accounts for the inter-relation
between liner, ground, and pore pressures. Elastic response of the liner and ground, and plane strain conditions at any cross-section
of the tunnel are assumed. The solution shows that stresses in the ground depend on the following dimensionless factors: relative
stiffness of the ground and liner, ground Poisson’s ratio, surface slope angle, coefficient of earth pressure at rest, relative
tunnel depth, and magnitude of the pore pressure behind the liner relative to the internal pressure. The minimum ground effective
tangential stresses at the ground-liner interface increase with the relative stiffness of the liner, with the coefficient
of earth pressure at rest, and with tunnel depth. They decrease with increasing surface slope angle and pore pressures behind
the liner. As leakage through the liner increases, the pore pressures in the ground increase. This results in a decrease of
effective radial and tangential stresses in the ground while displacements and loads of the liner are relatively less affected. 相似文献
8.
尾管悬挂器是用来悬挂尾管并将尾管与上层套管相连接的装置,在尾管固井中具有重要作用。目前尾管固井日益增多,所使用的尾管悬挂器结构多种多样。在现场尾管固井实施过程中出现了环空不畅、替压过高和提前坐挂等井下复杂情况。介绍和分析了尾管悬挂器的结构、性能特点及优缺点,总结了在现场应用中易出现的事故预防及处理措施。 相似文献
9.
为研究深部洞室围岩的分区破裂化机制,建立了厚壁筒三维线弹性解析模型。逐步减小厚壁筒均布内压,模拟洞室静力开挖。逐步增加厚壁筒轴向均布压力,模拟洞室开挖导致洞室轴向应力集中。逐步增加厚壁筒外周非均布压力系数,模拟洞室开挖导致洞室水平应力的重分布和集中效应。根据弹性力学知识和边界条件,确定洞室开挖引起的弹性应力场、应变场及位移场。从拉压域、应变梯度及径向压拉蓄能等3个方面入手,分别研究了内压静力卸荷、水平应力重分布、围压均匀部分及轴压对深部洞室围岩分区破裂的作用机制。结果表明：径向弹性拉伸能和径向弹性压缩能的相对变化反映了围岩能量释放速率和释放量。水平应力重分布和轴压是围岩出现分区破裂现象的主要因素,但两者作用机制不同。该模型可为研究高地应力深部洞室围岩破坏提供一个较统一的理论工具,也为深部工程设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
10.
The paper presents a three‐dimensional study on the steady‐state response of a track system and layered half‐space soil medium subjected to the load induced by the passages of a moving train with the substructure method. Practically, due to the ground water table being several meters beneath the ground surface, the soil profile can be divided into two layers: the upper layer modeled by an elastic medium and the lower layer by a fully saturated poroelastic medium governed by Biot's theory. In the meanwhile, the rails are regarded as an infinitely long Euler beam, and the sleepers are represented by a continuous mass. The effect of the ballast is accounted for by introducing the Cosserat model for granular medium, and the train is described by a series of moving axle point loads, depending on the geometry of the train. The influences of the thickness, the mass and the rigidity of the elastic layer and the mass of the ballast on rail's displacement responses are carefully investigated. Numerical results show that the influences of these parameters are significant for high train velocity, while vanishes for low velocity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
FLAC3D在青岛地铁渗流场中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首先,基于考虑衬砌和注浆圈的解析解,利用MATLAB软件编制了计算与自动绘图程序,研究水头、隧道半径、围岩渗透特性与衬砌渗透系数和隧道涌水量、外水压力的相互关系;其次,基于FLAC3D软件平台,通过数值解与理论解的对比,验证了数值模拟方法在隧道渗流场中应用的正确性。在此基础上,结合青岛地铁典型区间隧道,分析了隧道开挖阶段以及运营期的渗流场,并研究了在不同注浆圈厚度以及注浆圈渗透系数下隧道注浆圈的涌水量和外水压力。结果表明,在隧道周围施作注浆圈的方法来减少隧道的涌水量是可行的。注浆圈厚度越大,其渗透系数越小,隧道涌水量就越小,而外水压力变化规律与涌水量恰恰相反。研究成果为地铁隧道衬砌的设计和注浆圈范围的初步确定提供了参考依据。 相似文献
12.
洞室围岩的某些参数,如弹性模量、强度参数等,对地下洞室的施工和设计具有极其重要的作用,直接进行这些参数的现场测量势必要耗费大量的物资和精力,在这种背景下,位移反分析的工程应用具有很重要的理论和实用价值。但洞室工程中大量不确定性因素的存在使得监测结果不可避免地存在随机性,有时会使得变形监测结果产生较大的误差,甚至失真。因此以监测结果的绝对值所反演得到的参数可能是错误的。在这种情况下,以监测数据的相对值进行参数反演在一定程度上可以消除测量误差。基于相对位移的随机反分析法并结合DFP优化算法开发了基于相对位移的随机反分析法,将其应用于一具体洞室工程中反演其弹性模量取得了较为理想的效果。 相似文献
13.
基于支护参数优化的强震区软岩隧道变形控制技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明强震区千枚岩地层中长大山岭隧道支护参数变化与衬砌结构变形的相互作用关系,基于新奥法施工理念,结合强震区在建杜家山绢云千枚岩隧道现场试验段的实际施工过程,根据采取的三台阶施工方法,以试验段设置的5种支护方案为依托,对各种情形下隧道变形及主体结构内力进行现场动态跟踪测试,探讨隧道施工过程中随各部开挖不同支护方案下拱顶沉降、周边收敛、地表沉降及结构内力的变化关系,分析初步认定支护强度及刚度大的F5方案更适用于震区千枚岩隧道施工。对5种方案的施工过程进行三维有限元弹塑性模拟,通过对开挖后隧道变形、支护受力与现场监测值的对比分析,对施工过程中隧道结构的安全性和围岩稳定性做出评价。现场试验和数值模拟结果综合分析表明,仅有两种（F4、F5）方案适用于隧道开挖,而F5方案的隧道变形及结构受力较其余4种方案更为合理,该方案的成功运用也验证了这一方案的合理、有效性。在该基础上总结提出的软岩隧道支护参数技术要领及方法可供类似工程参考。 相似文献
14.
Antonio Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(2):185-200
A complete analytical solution for an axisymmetric deep tunnel excavated in a saturated poroplastic rock is presented. Results
are found for short- and long-term analyses and for different drainage conditions at the rock–liner interface. In the derivation,
the following assumptions are made: (1) circular cross-section, (2) deep tunnel, (3) plane strain conditions on a cross-section
perpendicular to the tunnel axis, (4) axisymmetric loading, (5) the rock is saturated, homogeneous and isotropic, and (6)
the rock is elastic-perfectly plastic with brittle failure and non-associated flow rule. The results obtained indicate that,
if the rock remains elastic during construction, the stresses of the liner and the tunnel deformations are the same for short-
and long-term conditions and are independent of the drainage conditions at the rock–liner interface and on the magnitude of
Biot’s parameter α. If the rock yields, the stresses in the liner and the tunnel deformations strongly depend on the type of analysis. Effective
radial and tangential stresses inside the rock decrease with Biot’s parameter α, while radial displacements increase. The response of the liner in terms of stresses and deformations strongly depends on
its stiffness relative to the rock, yielding of the rock, groundwater and drainage conditions, and construction operations,
while it is somewhat less sensitive to the rock’s poroplastic properties. Stresses and deformations inside the rock, however,
show a much stronger dependency. 相似文献
15.
Antonio Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):149-167
Closed-form solutions for displacements and stresses of both the liner and the rock are presented for a deep circular tunnel
excavated in transversely anisotropic rock above or below the water table subjected to static or seismic loading. The solutions
are obtained with the assumption of elastic response of rock and liner, tied contact between rock and liner, impermeable liner,
plane strain conditions along the tunnel axis and simultaneous excavation, and liner installation. The liner of a tunnel placed
below the water table must support, in addition to the rock stresses, the full water pressure, while a tunnel located above
the water table must support only the rock pressures. The solutions presented for static loading show, however, that displacements
and stresses of the liner and rock are the same when the tunnel is placed above or below the water table as long as the total
far-field stresses are the same. With rapid loading, e.g. seismic loading, excess pore pressures may be generated in saturated
rock, which induce a different response than that of a tunnel excavated in dry rock. The analyses indicate that stresses and
displacements are more uniform when excess pore pressures are produced, which seems to indicate that pore pressure generation
tends to reduce non-uniform response in anisotropic rock. 相似文献
16.
考虑渗流场作用下的隧道开挖分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于隧道的开挖,破坏了初始地应力场与渗流场。以圆形隧道为例,采用有限差分程序计算考虑渗流场作用时,隧道开挖后洞室周围应力场、孔隙水压力、位移场的分布情况,并对比计算了是否考虑渗流效应时位移场的差异,以及不同水位导致的位移场的不同分布状态。提出了相应的隧道防排水、设计与施工相关建议。 相似文献
17.
环形超深基坑围护结构受力变形特性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
结合上海世博500 kV变电站超深基坑实际工程,采用平面应变及轴对称弹性地基有限元分析模型对基坑围护结构的空间效应进行简化,分析了环形基坑空间效应、内衬墙以及水土压力模式对围护结构受力变形特性的影响,并与实测结果进行比较。结果表明,环形基坑围护结构的空间效应对其受力变形特性影响很大,在计算过程中必须考虑围护结构环向刚度对径向刚度的贡献;内衬墙作用类似于环形支撑,对地下连续墙受力及变形是有利的;地下连续墙水平位移实测值最接近于侧压力系数1.0的轴对称有限元分析结果;地下连续墙环向应力和弯矩实测值位于按规范水土分算与侧压力系数1.0的轴对称有限元计算结果之间。 相似文献
18.
G. Ranalli 《Tectonophysics》1994,240(1-4):107-114
The elastic flexural thickness of the lithosphere depends on plate curvature. As curvature increases, the elastic core of the plate is thinned from above (frictional yielding) and from below (plastic creep). Sometimes decoupling between crust and mantle elastic cores can also occur. The mechanical thickness of the lithosphere, on the other hand, is the thickness of the rheologically layered plate having a strength above a critical threshold. In order to estimate the mechanical thickness from a simple uniform-rheology plate model, we adopt a plastic work-hardening constitutive equation, which results in lower stresses in the regions of high strain, relative to the elastic model. It is, therefore, a better approximation to the actual rheology of the flexed lithosphere where there is no lower-crustal decoupling (e.g., in oceanic and in cold continental lithosphere). The equivalent mechanical thickness of the nonlinear plate can be directly obtained, if the curvature is known, from the estimated elastic flexural rigidity or thickness. Comparison with numerical integration of bending moment in rheologically layered lithosphere shows that equivalent mechanical thickness is a good estimation of mechanical thickness. Examination of both oceanic and continental data suggests that mechanical thickness is controlled by the 900 ± 100°C isotherm. This corresponds to a creep strength of the order of 10 MPa in upper mantle material. 相似文献
19.
基于间断位移场的隧道围岩承载能力研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
岩体是岩石块体和分割这些块体的边界的组合体。沿边界面(结构面)的局部剪切变形使得位移场产生间断,对岩体的力学性能产生巨大的影响。采用光滑函数组合来描述滑移面上的间断,得到反映岩体沿着边界局部剪切的数学模型。利用此局部剪切模型得出了应力–滑移关系具有强化阶段时圆形坑道围岩自身承载能力的解析表达式,研究了岩体滑移面对坑道围岩自身承载能力的影响。通过分析得到,自承能力在深部坑道围岩的稳定中发挥了重要作用,应力–滑移关系的强化段对围岩承载力有着很大的影响;围岩压力与坑道的埋深、坑道的尺寸以及围岩的物理力学性质等具有直接关系;围岩出现不稳定的动力现象(岩爆)与此岩体参数m关系极大,而岩体参数与接触面的软化程度、能量转移、耗散结构的几何尺寸以及弹性模量有关。 相似文献
20.
Liu Yang Feng Yongneng Xu Mo Zhang Yunhui Long Haitao Zhu Haiming 《Natural Hazards》2019,98(2):343-377
Tunnel water inrush disaster is a serious problem in karst tunnel construction and occurs extensively in southwestern China. To prevent water inrush, hydraulic lining has been utilized extensively in karst tunnel construction. The failure of the hydraulic lining in the Tongxi tunnel is an example of a typical failure case that has yet to be fully analyzed. In this paper, the failure of the waterproof liner was studied by theoretical and numerical methods. By field investigation, the failure of the tunnel lining was attributed to a high hydraulic pressure head converging in the large karst caves behind the lining. The corresponding mechanical model can be simplified as a “karst cave water pressure” model. The key to the mechanical model was to determine the water pressure of the karst caves produced by the lining. The variation in water pressure was directly related to the cave’ reservoir volume, catchment flow and catchment time. Thus, volume calculation formulas for two types of karst caves (strike and oblique caves) in the studied tunnel were constructed based on the engineering geological conditions. Considering the precipitation, the flow rate in the karst caves was regarded as nearly constant during the catchment period. Hence, reservoir volumes during different periods can be calculated and converted to the stress boundary conditions of the lining. Then, the mechanical response of the tunnel under different water levels was calculated by numerical simulation. Combining the field investigation and monitoring data, the tunnel lining failure was mainly believed to be triggered by hydraulic fracturing failure due to a high-pressure head. Finally, prevention measures were proposed based on the results of this study.
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