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1.
On August 8, 2017, a Ms = 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Jiuzhaigou Valley, in Sichuan Province, China(N: 33.20°, E: 103.82°). Jiuzhaigou Valley is an area recognized and listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1992. Data analysis and field survey were conducted on the landslide, collapse, and debris flow gully, to assess the coseismic geological hazards generated by the earthquake using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), remote-sensing imaging, laser range finders, geological radars, and cameras. The results highlighted the occurrence of 13 landslides, 70 collapses, and 25 potential debris flow gullies following the earthquake. The hazards were classified on the basis of their size and the potential property loss attributable to them. Consequently, 14 large-scale hazards, 30 medium-sized hazards, and 64 small hazards accounting for 13%, 28%, and 59% of the total hazards, respectively, were identified. Based on the variation tendency of the geological hazards that ensued in areas affected by the Kanto earthquake(Japan), Chi-chi earthquake(Taiwan China), and Wenchuan earthquake(Sichuan China), the study predicts that, depending on the rain intensity cycle, the duration of geological hazard activities in the Jiuzhaigou Valley may last over ten years and will gradually decrease for the following five to ten yearsbefore returning to pre-earthquake levels. Thus,necessary monitoring and early warning systems must be implemented to ensure the safety of residents,workers and tourists during the construction of engineering projects and reopening of scenic sites to the public.  相似文献   

2.
On August 8, 2017, a Ms 7.0 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of Jiuzhaigou National Park, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525. The objective of this study was to explore the seismogenic fault of the earthquake and tectonic dynamics of the source rupture. Field investigations, radon activity tests, remote sensing interpretations, and geophysical data analyses were carried out immediately after the earthquake. The Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred at the intersection of the northern margin of the Minshan uplift belt and the south part of the Wenxian–Maqin fault in the south margin of the West Qinling geosyncline. There are two surface rupture zones trending northwest (NW), which are ground coseismic ruptures caused by concealed earthquake faults. The rupture on the southwest is the structure triggering the earthquake, along the Jiuzhaitiantang–Epicenter–Wuhuahai. The other one on the northeast (Shangsizhai–Zhongcha–Bimang) is a reactivation and extension of the secondary fault trending NW. The source rupture of this earthquake is a strike-slip shear fracture associated with the fault plane trending NW 331° and steeply dipping 75°, which is continuously expanding at both ends. The tectonic dynamics process of the source rupture is that the “Jiuzhaigou protrusion” is left-lateral sheared along the seismogenic fault in the NW direction. Finally, the Maqin fault and the arc fault system at the top of the “Wenxian protrusion” will be gradually broken through sometime in far future, as well as earthquaketriggered landslides will be further occurred along the narrow corridor between the seismogenic faults. The research results revealed the basic geological data and tectonic dynamic mechanism in this earthquake.  相似文献   

3.
Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS (Geographic Information System) is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45 o , PVGA (Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.15 g, and PHGA (Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in Taiwan. The strong ground motion (over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.01 m/s 2 , and 1 g = 981 Gal) characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depth have visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning.  相似文献   

4.
Jiuzhaigou National Park, located in northwest plateau of Sichuan Province, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the most popular scenic areas in China. On August 8, 2017, a Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred 5 km to the west of a major scenic area, causing 25 deaths and injuring 525, and the Park was seriously affected. The objective of this study was to explore the controls of seismogenic fault and topographic factors on the spatial patterns of these landslides. Immediately after the main shock, field survey, remote-sensing investigations, and statistical and spatial analysis were undertaken. At least 2212 earthquake-triggered landslides were identified, covering a total area of 11.8 km~2. Thesewere mainly shallow landslides and rock falls. Results demonstrated that landslides exhibited a close spatial correlation with seismogenic faults. More than 85% of the landslides occurred at 2200 to 3700 m elevations. The largest quantity of landslides was recorded in places with local topographic reliefs ranging from 200 to 500 m. Slopes in the range of ~20°-50° are the most susceptible to failure. Landslides occurred mostly on slopes facing east-northeast(ENE), east(E), east-southeast(ESE), and southeast(SE), which were nearly vertical to the orientation of the seismogenic fault slip. The back-slope direction and thin ridge amplification effects were documented. These results provide insights on the control of the spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides modified by the synergetic effect of seismogenic faults and topography.  相似文献   

5.
为提高九寨沟2017-08-08 MS7.0地震的InSAR同震形变场精度，厘清发震断层的构造形态及形成机制，对形变区相干系数进行统计分析并确定相干性阈值，利用GACOS对形变场进行大气校正，再根据余震分布和地质背景确定发震断层的基本形状，最后基于Okada弹性半空间位错模型反演发震断层的滑动分布。改正后的InSAR同震形变场显示，视线向最大下沉为25 cm，最大抬升为10 cm，分别位于震中西北和东南，形变长轴为北西向,主要形变区位于发震断层西部。改正后的InSAR形变场残差均方根较改正前小，最大滑动量为0.9 m，平均滑动角为-0.5°，破裂主要集中在地下1~20 km范围内，矩震级为6.5，与USGS和GCMT等机构的结果一致。研究表明，利用GACOS改正九寨沟InSAR同震形变场对提高形变场精度具有一定的作用，反演断层滑动分布的结果较改正前差别不明显，发震断层的属性与虎牙断裂北段的性质基本一致。结合余震重定位结果可以推断，发震断层为虎牙断裂的北向延伸部分，此次地震事件为巴颜喀拉地块南东向扭转与华南地块碰撞的结果，中下地壳粘性流体的差异分布是导致虎牙断裂倾角变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
以多源观测为约束,利用近场GPS、InSAR同震位移和强震观测数据联合反演2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震发震断层的几何形状和破裂模型,并初步分析其地震成因。结果表明,九寨沟地震的发震断层走向154°,倾角80°,以左旋走滑为主,兼有少量正断分量;地震破裂主要集中在2~12 km深度范围,最大滑移量为1.6 m,位于地下6 km深处,断层在近地表没有滑移;地震释放的地震矩为5.59×1018 Nm,矩震级为MW6.44。结合余震分布认为,该地震的发震断层为隐伏的虎牙断裂北段。  相似文献   

7.
Nepal was hit by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake on 25th April, 2015. The main shock and many large aftershocks generated a large number of coseismic landslips in central Nepal. We have developed a landslide susceptibility map of the affected region based on the coseismic landslides collected from remotely sensed data and fieldwork, using bivariate statistical model with different landslide causative factors. From the investigation, it is observed that most of the coseismic landslides are independent of previous landslides. Out of 3,716 mapped landslides, we used 80% of them to develop a susceptibility map and the remaining 20% were taken for validating the model. A total of 11 different landslide-influencing parameters were considered. These include slope gradient, slope aspect, plan curvature, elevation, relative relief, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), distance from epicenters of the mainshock and major aftershocks, lithology, distance of the landslide from the fault, fold, and drainage line. The success rate of 87.66% and the prediction rate of 86.87% indicate that the model is in good agreement between the developed susceptibility map and the existing landslides data. PGA, lithology, slope angle and elevation have played a major role in triggering the coseismic mass movements. This susceptibility map can be used for relocating the people in the affected regions as well as for future land development.  相似文献   

8.
The primary objective of landslide susceptibility mapping is the prediction of potential landslides in landslide-prone areas.The predictive power of a landslide susceptibility mapping model could be tested in an adjacent area of similar geoenvironmental conditions to find out the reliability.Both the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake occurred in the Longmen Mountain seismic zone,with similar topographical and geological conditions.The two earthquakes are both featured by thrust fault and similar seismic mechanism.This paper adopted the susceptibility mapping model of co-seismic landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake to predict the spatial distribution of landslides induced by Lushan earthquake.Six influencing parameters were taken into consideration: distance from the seismic fault,slope gradient,lithology,distance from drainage,elevation and Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA).The preliminary results suggested that the zones with high susceptibility of coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Lushan,Baoxing and Tianquan counties.The co-seismic landslide susceptibility map was completed in two days after the quake and sent to the field investigators to provide guidance for rescue and relief work.The predictive power of the susceptibility map was validated by ROC curve analysis method using 2037 co-seismic landslides in the epicenter area.The AUC value of 0.710 indicated that the susceptibility model derived from Wenchuan Earthquake landslides showed good accuracy in predicting the landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake.  相似文献   

9.
为了阐明地震滑坡的运动特性并对其进行致灾距的预测,基于遥感影像解译和野外调查数据,借助经验公式法,分析了汶川地震滑坡水平最大运移距离L与前后缘高差H之间的相关性,给出了经验公式;探讨了不同滑坡之间滑程的差异与异常。结果表明:若已知H,可用L=aH+b或L=aHb对总位移进行预测初探;将视摩擦系数H/L=0.45作为汶川地震高速远程型滑坡的上限较合适;滑坡体积、源区破裂面积与L呈正相关,与H/L呈负相关;地震滑坡易发生在山脊线平行于断裂带、垂直于地震波传播方向的山体两侧;崩塌型滑坡易发前后缘高差范围在10~100m之间,大型高速远程型滑坡易发前后缘高差大于200m;滑坡源区易发坡度分布在25°51°之间,滑床坡降变化范围为0~58°,高速远程型滑坡的滑床坡降主要在8°20°之间;分析认为滑程差异和异常是距离效应、能量传递与岩体挡板效应、滚动润滑与气垫效应、体积与破裂面积效应、地质因子、地形因子、颗粒级配与颗粒流效应等因素综合作用的结果,考虑上述因素有益于滑坡-碎屑流致灾距的预测分析。   相似文献   

10.
The Ms 8.0 May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides.The widespread landslides have caused serious casualties and property losses,and posed a great threat to post-earthquake reconstruction.A spatial database,inventoried 43,842 landslides with a total area of 632 km 2,was developed by interpretation of multi-resolution remote sensing images.The landslides can be classified into three categories:swallow,disrupted slides and falls;deep-seated slides and falls,and rock avalanches.The correlation between landslides distribution and the influencing parameters including distance from co-seismic fault,lithology,slope gradient,elevation,peak ground acceleration(PGA) and distance from drainage were analyzed.The distance from co-seismic fault was the most significant parameter followed by slope gradient and PGA was the least significant one.A logistic regression model combined with bivariate statistical analysis(BSA) was adopted for landslide susceptibility mapping.The study area was classified into five categories of landslide susceptibility:very low,low,medium,high and very high.92.0% of the study area belongs to low and very low categories with corresponding 9.0% of the total inventoried landslides.Medium susceptible zones make up 4.2% of the area with 17.7% of the total landslides.The rest of the area was classified into high and very high categories,which makes up 3.9% of the area with corresponding 73.3% of the total landslides.Although the susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future landslides and debris flows,and it is helpful for the rebuilding process and future zoning issues.  相似文献   

11.
???????Envisat??????????????2004??7??12???2005??4??8?????????Ms6.7??Ms6.5?????InSAR????α??????????????ε????????????20 km??20 km??Χ???EW?????????Σ??????η???19.0 cm??30.5 cm???????????????????????????ε???????????????????????,????λ??83.71??E,30.70??N,??Mw6.1,83.72??,E30.52??N????Mw6.2??????????????? 1 m??1.4 m?????ε??????????NW?????3?????????????NS?????????-????????????λ  相似文献   

12.
借助Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨数据，利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(DInSAR)和Okada均匀滑动模型反演获得四川荣县地区三维同震形变场及荣县地震震源参数。结果表明，此次地震造成的断裂现象大体沿NS向，两侧沉降区域中间伴随抬升现象，最大垂直形变量约18 mm；荣县地震发震断层符合逆断层特性，断层长约9.5 km，宽约2.1 km。采用时间序列分析技术获取该地区2018-11～2019-03各时间段的累计形变，结果发现，该区域在震前形变波动较小，地震是造成累计形变较大的主要原因，震后地表变化趋于稳定。  相似文献   

13.
采用Sentinel-1A卫星提供的升降轨雷达影像数据研究门源地震同震形变及震源机制。首先利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉(D-InSAR)技术获得门源地震的同震形变场;然后以升降轨同震形变场为源数据,利用弹性半空间位错模型进行反演,确定地震的断层几何参数和滑动分布;最后基于同震滑动模型对升降轨同震形变场进行正演。结果表明,沿雷达视线方向的升轨和降轨同震形变场最大抬升形变量分别为39 cm和58 cm,最大沉降形变量均为56 cm。此次门源地震为左旋走滑型地震事件,发震断层方向为NWW-SEE、走向为109°、倾角为86°,主要集中在地下2～6 km处,最大滑动量为4.2 m,释放的地震距为8.22×1018Nm(MW6.6)。正演结果表明,本文滑动分布模型准确可靠。  相似文献   

14.
Earthquake-induced landslides can seriously aggravate the earthquake’s destructive consequences and have caused widespread concern in recent decades. The Xianshuihe fault is a large active left-lateral strike-slip fault in the southeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest China, where the frequent strong earthquakes have brought abundant geo-hazards. This study focuses mainly on exploring and predicting the landslide scenes induced by the potential earthquakes. Firstly, the sophisticated Newmark model is improved through landslide cases induced by the Ms7.9 Luhuo earthquake in 1973 to adapt the field seismotectonics of the Xianshuihe fault zone. Then, it is used to predict the landslide scenes under one speculated potential earthquake scenario with the similar focal mechanism with the Luhuo earthquake. The preliminary results show that the slope displacement resulted from Newmark model can reflect spatial distribution characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides. The predicted potential earthquake-induced landslide scenes present an obvious extending trend along the Xianshuihe fault. The landslide hazard is greater in the northeast regions than southwest regions of the Xianshuihe fault, where there are more complex topographic conditions. The study procedure will be a helpful demonstration for exploration and prediction of landslide scenes under potential earthquakes in the regions with high seismic activity.  相似文献   

15.
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种空间大地测量技术,具有全天时、全天候、高精度、广域覆盖的优势,自20世纪90年代以来在地震地壳形变监测研究领域得到了广泛应用,对地震发生机理研究具有重要意义。尤其是InSAR技术观测的同震地壳变形结果可以为分析发震断层几何学特征和动力学机制提供重要约束。随着InSAR技术的发展,如何获取可靠、多维的同震形变场,构建更加真实的正反演模型,是利用InSAR技术研究地震震源参数的关键。首先,综述了利用InSAR技术获取同震形变场的研究现状,总结了InSAR技术获取同震形变场的优缺点、InSAR技术获取三维同震形变的现状;接着,回顾了地震震源参数正反演模型及方法的研究历程,包括从简单的弹性半空间位错模型到接近真实地球介质的数值模型,分析了不同反演方法和先验约束对结果的影响;最后,从同震形变场分离、自动化InSAR数据处理与震源参数反演等方面进行了展望。综上所述,InSAR技术获取的同震形变场具有大范围、高精度的优势;随着精细地壳介质参数的逐步确定,联合地震学技术方法,InSAR技术可以反演确定比较准确的地震震源参数。  相似文献   

16.
提出一种沿轨干涉技术来获取Sentinel-1A数据中burst重叠区域内的方位向形变,进而通过内插方法得到非重叠区的方位向形变。针对D-InSAR的雷达视线向形变与沿轨干涉的方位向形变精度差异,采用基于加权最小二乘的方法解算了2016年高雄MS6.7地震的三维形变场。结果表明,高雄地震的同震形变以垂直和东西方向形变为主,且形变主要分布在断层左右两瓣。左瓣抬升,最大达到12 cm;右瓣下沉,最大达到8 cm;左右两瓣均伴随着向西的位移,最大达6 cm。在左右两瓣之间,该地震还具有西北-东南走向的断层特性。  相似文献   

17.
通过Sentinel-1卫星升降轨数据获取谢通门地震的同震形变场,并基于均匀弹性半无限位错模型反演地震的同震滑动分布模型。InSAR同震形变场表明,升降轨视线向最大形变量分别为0.049 m和0.051 m,形变场长轴大致呈南北方向,位于甲岗-定结断裂西侧。通过对倾角和倾向进行格网搜索发现,西倾节面更可能为该地震的发震节面。反演结果表明,滑动分布主要位于2~10 km深度范围内,平均滑动量为0.02 m,最大滑动量为0.10 m,发震断层倾角为47°,平均滑动角为-81.60°,显示该地震以正倾滑动为主。大地测量数据约束的该地震震中为30.27°N、87.75°E,震源深度为6.58 km,释放地震矩为5.056×1017 Nm,对应矩震级为MW5.7,与GCMT、USGS公布的震级基本一致。综合分析震中位置和滑动机制认为,甲岗-定结断裂的分支断层为本次谢通门地震的发震断层。  相似文献   

18.
提取巴颜喀拉地块东部边界鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂及边界附近西秦岭构造区跨断层灰色关联度指标曲线，根据1999~2007年、2009~2015年及2015~2017年GPS速度场数据计算所得的鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂及塔藏断裂剖面变化，通过对比分析寻找地块边界断裂活动的共性特征。结果表明，2009年巴颜喀拉地块东部出现显著的SE向加速运动，之后数年一直维持这种高速特性，汶川8级地震的发生调整了该地区的应力状态，有利于芦山7级地震及九寨沟7级地震的发生；2015~2017年巴颜喀拉地块东部在维持高速运动和高应力状态基础上继续增速变化，地块边界鲜水河断裂2016~2017-07跨断层观测数据显示的显著拉张加速变化与九寨沟地震有一定关联，具中期背景性预测意义。  相似文献   

19.
使用Sentinel-1A卫星观测的2015年新疆皮山地震震前震后一对SAR影像,提取该地震的同震形变场。结合Okada位错模型,在考虑渐变入射角和解缠基准偏差的情况下,反演本次地震的断层滑动分布。结果表明,皮山地震是小倾角逆冲型地震,断层破裂开始于地表以下约5 km处,最大滑动量为0.76 m,高滑区集中于深度9～14 km,累计释放地震矩达5.14×1018,相当于矩阵级MW6.47。  相似文献   

20.
??????8.0????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????η????????ν??????????????????8.0??????GPS??InSAR????α??????????????????????????????????????????1?????????????????GPS??InSAR??????????α????????????97.27%;2??????????????????????????????????????0??20 km??????????????λ???????????????????????????????????????????0??20 km???????????????????10 m????????10??15 km?????????????6.5 m??3??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????103??????????????????????121????????????????????138??????????????????????????105??4?????????????????8.7??10 20 Nm???????Mw7.9??  相似文献   

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