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1.
Changes in permanent sample plots in the lowland,submontane and montane forests on Mount Cameroon(4,095 m above sea level),an active volcano,are described for 15 years from 1989 to 2004.Throughout the study period,the stocking level of trees with a diameter at breast height(DBH) ≥ 10 cm in the three forests were lower than in pan-tropical stands suggesting a significant impact of volcanic and human-related activities on the vegetation communities on the mountain.Annual mortality rates in the submontane and montane forests were consistent with those reported for comparable altitudinal ranges in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica.The annual mortality rate was higher in the lowland forest than other lowland sites included.Divergence between recruitment and mortality rates was large suggesting that the three vegetation communities have not reached their climax.The seven-year difference in half-life of large trees(with a DBH ≥ 50 cm) in the submontane and montane forests suggests an altitudinal effect on turnover of larger trees that in turn contributes to the frequent small stature of high altitude forests.There was little evidence of an altitudinal effect on species turnover and growth rate.This finding supports generalizations about the zero effect of growth on the stature of high altitude trees.Understanding forest dynamics is crucially important in the management of tropical montane environmentsand in this instance particularly so given the recent creation of the Mount Cameroon National Park. 相似文献
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HWANG Sang-koo 《世界地质(英文版)》2004,7(1)
A monogenetic multiple volcano was emergent on Udo island, 3 km offthe sea shore of the eastern promontory of Jeju Island, South Sea,Korea. All of the preserved volcanic successions occur in a regular pattern of sequences,representing an excellent example of an eruptive cycle. The island represents volcanic stratigraphy that comprises a horseshoe-shaped tuff cone, a nested cinder cone on the crater floor of the tuff cone,and basalt lavas which extend northwest from the moat between tuff and cinder cones. The volcanic stratigraphy suggests eruptive styles that start with emergent Surtseyan eruption, progressing through Strombolian eruption and end with lava effusion. 相似文献
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盆地深部火山岩储层地震受能量屏蔽影响反射杂乱,使得火山岩油气藏的勘探非常困难。针对深部火山岩储层多期叠置的复杂内幕结构,研究了最优偏移距、激发周期窗口的时频电磁采集技术和时频电磁井震联合建模反演及电性节律变化火山岩期次解释技术,有效提高了该方法的深层分辨率和对深层目标的识别能力。在渤海湾盆地LD地区的研究应用效果明显,结果揭示红星构造带沙三段火山岩喷发自下而上表现出"弱-强-强-弱-弱"的"两强三弱"的特征,发育两个火山岩喷发机构,共同控制了5个期次的火山岩储层相带分布;桃园构造带沙三段各期次火山岩喷发强度明显减弱,仅发育一个火山岩喷发机构,除期次3火山岩储层相带分布范围相对较大外,其他期次火山岩主要局限分布于火山口附近,以爆发相为主,规模明显减小。后续钻探结果证实时频电磁揭示的火山岩储层分布正确,并为该区油气大发现提供了有力支撑,为探测类似的复杂目标提供了成功范例与技术方法。 相似文献
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本文基于Landsat影像数据获取天山博格达自然遗产地土地覆盖分类,结合归一化植被指数（NDVI）和数字高程模型（DEM）构建“DEM-NDVI-土地覆盖分类”散点图分析研究区植被受海拔和坡向的水热空间变化影响的分布特征,通过概率统计分析提取博格达遗产地山地垂直带,并结合研究区的气温、降水数据和NDVI变化特征分析垂直带变化的原因。研究结果表明：① 本文利用“DEM-NDVI-土地覆盖分类”散点图,揭示了研究区1989年和2016年的NDVI值和分类类别随着海拔上升的变化特征,其中NDVI值随着海拔上升呈现“倒U形”变化,而不同分类类别在一定的海拔区间内呈现出聚集效应,且不同分类类别有明显的高程界限。② 1989年和2016年博格达遗产地山地垂直带分带上限分别为：1278 m和1185 m（温带荒漠草原带）、1784 m和1759 m（山地草原带）、2706 m和2730 m（山地针叶林带）、3272 m和3293 m（高山草甸带）、3636 m和3690 m（高山垫状植被带）。③ 博格达遗产地1989年和2016年山地垂直带受区域气温升高和降雨增加的影响有较为明显的改变,其中温带荒漠草原带最为敏感,其上限变化最大,向下收缩93 m;山地针叶林带的分布范围则向两侧扩张49 m;山地草甸带带宽基本保持不变,但整体上移了约20 m;冰雪带则受到全球气候变暖的影响向上退缩54 m。 相似文献
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遥感数据因其全覆盖的优势被广泛应用于山地植被信息的调查和研究。为了实现山区植被类型的高精度提取,本文以太白山区为实验区,结合山地植被的垂直地带性分布规律,利用太白山植被垂直带谱、高分辨率遥感影像（GF1/GF2/ZY3）和1:1万的数字表面模型（Digital Surface Model, DSM）数据,进行了多层次、多尺度的影像分割,构建了具有植被垂直带谱信息的地形约束因子,并据此进行样本选择和面向对象的分类,分类总精度达92.9%,kappa系数达到0.9160。该方法相比于未辅以垂直带谱信息的分类,总精度提高了10%。研究结果表明,分类过程中加入具有垂直带谱信息的地形约束因子,能显著地提高样本选择的效率和准确率,为后续的植被分类提供了精度的保证。通过人机交互的方式,将垂直带谱知识应用到分类中,可以有效地提高山地植被分类的精度。 相似文献
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孤东油田植被演化遥感分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用从1984-2001年多时相的TM和ASTER等遥感数据,对孤东油田近二十年来的植被演化规律进行研究,分析油田开发的不同阶段对植被的影响。结果表明,在油田开发初期,植被遭到毁灭性的破坏,使区域生态环境严重恶化。油井建成后,被破坏的生态环境逐步得到恢复,并向着顺向演替的方向发展,目前孤东油田的生态环境正在向着良性循环方向发展。 相似文献
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Slope Instability on Pyroclastic Deposits： Landslide Distribution and Risk Mapping in Zacapoaxtla, Sierra Norte De Puebla, Mexico 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Introduction The impact produced by landsliding in diverse regions of the world has given rise to the development and implementation of different methods, techniques and tools to understand the mechanisms of movements involved, as well as to create maps o… 相似文献
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The 5.12 Earthquake in 2008 and 8.14 Debris Flow in 2010 resulted in large-scale landslides that disturbed vast areas of vegetation in the Hongchun Gully, Wenchuan County, China. To define the specific characteristics of vegetation restoration during natural recovery after catastrophic events,vegetation species composition and interspecific associations were investigated on this typical landslide. Field survey data selected from a total of 51 sample plots belonged to seven belt transects and were analysed by Schluter's variance ratio, pearson's chi-squared test, Spearman's correlation coefficients and ecological species groups. Plant communities on the landslide consisted of 78 species, 65 genera and52 families. Of the total of 78 species, 25 are identified as dominant species, among which Camptotheca acuminate, Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Coriaria nepalensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Buddleja alternifolia, Anemone vitifolia and Nephrolepis auriculata play a constructive role during the natural afforestation. Moreover, according to environmental and ecological factors, these 25 dominant species could be divided into four ecological species groups.This study found that even though the landslide had frequently suffered from interference due to heavy rain, the vegetation succession processes are ongoing,and it is now at a shrub–herb community succession stage, which indicates that vegetation can naturally recover in the denuded sites. This study provides a useful insight into the ecological interactions and interdependence between plant species during the natural recovery of vegetation and provides valuable information on vegetation recovery modelling in the landslide area. 相似文献
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采用D-InSAR技术对覆盖2020年日本鹿儿岛市樱岛火山喷发前后时段的2景降轨Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,获取日本鹿儿岛市樱岛火山南岳火山口喷发事件引起的地表形变场,并在此基础上结合点源Mogi模型对樱岛火山喷发时的岩浆源进行反演分析。结果表明,2020-07-28~08-09期间沉降主要集中在火山中心地区,最大沉降区域为火山中心地带,最大沉降量与平均沉降量分别为5.5 cm与2.85 cm;抬升主要发生在火山边缘区域,最大抬升量与平均抬升量分别为5 cm与2.24 cm,抬升可能与艾拉火山口下方的岩浆活动有关。根据点源Mogi模型反演得到岩浆源深度和体积变化量分别为1.016 km和-0.139×106 m3,岩浆源位于南岳下方,与南岳火山口的喷发活动有关。 相似文献
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Changes in the fungal and bacterial biomass and community structure in litter after the volcanic eruptions of Mount Usu, northern Japan were investigated using a chronosequence approach, which is widely used for analyzing vegetation succession. The vegetation changed from bare ground(10 years after the eruptions) with little plant cover and poor soil to monotonic grassland dominated by Polygonum sachalinense with undeveloped soil(33 years) and then to deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by Populus maximowiczii with diverse species composition and well-developed soil(100 years). At three chronosequential sites, we evaluated the compositions of phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs), carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) contents and the isotope ratios of C(δ13C) and N(δ15N) in the litter of two dominant species, Polygonum sachalinense and Populus maximowiczii. The C/N ratio, δ13C and δ15N in the litter of these two species were higher in the forest than that in the bare ground and grassland. The PLFAs gradually increased from the bare ground to the forest, showing that microbial biomass increased with the development of the soil and/or vegetation. The fungi-to-bacteria ratio of PLFA was constant at 5.3 ± 1.4 in all three sites, suggesting that fungi were predominant. A canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the PLFA composition was related tothe successional ages and the developing soil properties(P 0.05, ANOSIM). The chronosequential analysis effectively detected the successional changes in both microbial and plant communities. 相似文献
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At Admiralty Bay of central King George Island, Keller Peninsula, Ull-man Spur and Point Hennequin are main Tertiary volcanic terranes. Field investigation and isotopic datings indicate that, there occurred three periods of eruptions ( three volcanic cycles) and accompanying N-toward migration of the volcanic center on Keller Peninsula. After the second period of eruptions, the crater collapsed and a cal-dera was formed, then later eruptions were limited at the northern end of the peninsula and finally migrated to Ullman Spur. Thus Keller Peninsula is a revived caldera, and its volcanism migrated toward E with time. Point Hennequin volcanism happened more or less simultaneously with the above two areas, but has no clear relation in chemical evolution with them, frequently it belongs to another independent volcanic center. 相似文献
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城市植被是维护城市生态系统平衡的重要组成元素,不同类型的植被具有不同的生态服务效益,然而基于植被精细分类的城市绿地景观格局度量研究较少。因此本文以北京城市副中心为研究区,使用夏、冬两季GF-2卫星遥感影像,基于随机森林特征优选和面向对象分类,划分了植被类型,并在此基础上使用景观指数法和移动窗口法分别度量了功能区尺度和栅格尺度绿地景观特征。研究结果表明：针对GF-2数据,使用多尺度分割后影像对象的光谱、纹理特征可以有效地提取植被信息;不同时相的影像能反映各类型植被的物候特征,相比于单时相数据,其分类精度更高,达到了87.7%;各功能区绿地景观格局特征差异较大,城市绿心拥有最丰富的植被且分布集中,商业区植被覆盖度和多样性均较低,绿地景观破碎;北京城市副中心景观多样性及各类型植被分布特征的空间差异显著,当前副中心绿地景观格局已形成规划的基本轮廓,但城市绿心和老城区公共绿地的建设仍有不足。研究探明了北京城市副中心绿地建设现状,证明了国产GF-2卫星在城市生态环境监测中具有较高的应用价值,有助于推动GF-2在城市生态环境领域的应用,并为副中心建设中的绿地系统监测和优化提供参考。 相似文献
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西昆仑库孜一带长城纪赛图拉岩群为一套火山熔岩-火山碎屑岩-沉积岩组合,火山岩主体为中酸性岩。通过对该地区长城纪火山岩分布特征、岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行分析研究,划分了2个火山喷发旋回。2个喷发旋回岩性无明显区别,均为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、沉积岩建造。第一喷发旋回自下而上见7个喷发韵律,爆发指数为41.70%,喷溢指数24.51%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—喷溢—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点;第二喷发旋回自下而上见4个喷发韵律,爆发指数为46.67%,喷溢指数为18.15%,该旋回岩相总体表现为爆发—沉积—爆发—沉积—爆发的特点,揭示了西昆仑库孜一带古塔里木陆块裂解古洋盆的演化特征,对研究该地区古陆块裂解具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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汶川地震前后龙溪虹口自然保护区景观多样性的遥感评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以植被类型与土地利用类型为主要依据,建立四川龙溪-虹口自然保护区景观分类体系,对汶川地震前后的两期Landsat TM影像进行了解译,得到其地震前后的景观空间格局,并对研究区地震前后景观变化特征进行分析,得到:(1)震后研究区景观斑块总数增加了2.36倍,景观破碎化严重。阔叶林与针叶林组成的森林景观呈片段化,优势度下降;阔叶林、稀疏植被,以及草甸成为新的优势景观。(2)震后 Shannon多样性指数与周长-面积分维数分别上升11%和7%,说明研究区景观异质性与多样性增多,景观结构更复杂。优势度指数和聚集度指数下降30%,表示研究区内大的景观斑块减少,景观类型聚集度下降,连通性下降。(3)研究区生境破碎,生物多样性维持功能减弱;植被覆盖度降低,边缘生境增加,水源涵养功能减弱、水土流失风险加剧;景观结构受损,生态屏障功能减弱。其表明地震及其次生灾害作为自然干扰因子,改变了研究区景观的结构与格局,破坏了珍稀动植物的适宜生境,对研究区珍稀濒危物种与自然生态系统造成了严重威胁,将对区域生态环境与生物多样性造成重要影响。 相似文献
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The study examines the changes of land cover/use resources for the period under investigation.An unsupervised vegetation classification is being performed that provides five distinctive classes and thus assesses these changes in five broad land cover classes-high/moist forests,forest regrowth,mixed savanna,bare land/ grass and water.The remote sensing images used in this work are both images of TM and ETM+in different time periods(1986 to 2001)to determine land cover/use changes.A fairly accuracy report is recorded after performing the unsupervised classification,which shows vegetation has been depleted for over the years.Changes created are mostly human and to a lesser extent environment.Human activities are mainly encroachment thus altering the landscape through activities such as population growth,agriculture,settlements,etc.and environment due to some perceive climatic changes.This vegetation classification highlights the importance to acquire and publish information about the country’s partial vegetation cover and vegetation change including vegetation maps and other basic vegetation influencing factors,leading to an understanding of its evolution for a period. 相似文献
17.
Spatio-temporal pattern of net primary productivity in Hengduan Mountains area,China: impacts of climate change and human activities 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Net primary productivity(NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model to estimate the NPP of plant communities in Hengduan Mountains area of China, and to explore the relationship between NPP and altitude in this region. We examined the mechanisms underlying vegetation growth responses to climate change and quantitatively assessed the effects of ecological protection measures by partitioning the contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes. The results demonstrated that: 1) the average total and annual NPP values over the years were 209.15 Tg C and 468.06 g C/(m2·yr), respectively. Their trend increasingly fluctuated, with spatial distribution strongly linked to altitude(i.e., lower and higher NPP in high altitude and low altitude areas, respectively) and 2400 m represented the marginal altitude for vegetation differentiation; 2) areas where climate was the main factor affecting NPP accounted for 18.2% of the total research area, whereas human activities were the primary factor influencing NPP in 81.8% of the total research area, which indicated that human activity was the main force driving changes in NPP. Areas where climatic factors(i.e., temperature and precipitation) were the main driving factors occupied 13.6%(temperature) and 6.0%(precipitation) of the total research area, respectively. Therefore, the effect of temperature on NPP changes was stronger than that of precipitation; and 3) the majority of NPP residuals from 2001 to 2014 were positive, with human activities playing an active role in determining regional vegetation growth, possibly due to the return of farmland back to forest and natural forest protection. However, this positive trend is decreasing. This clearly shows the periodical nature of ecological projects and a lack of long-term effectiveness. 相似文献
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2022年1月15日,南太平洋汤加海底火山发生剧烈喷发。为了探测此次火山爆发引起的异常环境响应,利用GPS电离层数据,引入滑动四分位距法探测电离层异常扰动,结果显示：火山爆发前第22天到第27天,总电子含量出现大面积的正异常现象,部分时刻的异常超过10TECU。在火山爆发前第16天、前第10天和前第1天均出现了较轻微的负异常现象,异常均小于5TECU,其中火山爆发前第25~27天的TEC异常可能是由于太阳活动引起的。以上结果表明本研究成功利用GPS技术探测到此次火山爆发过程中的异常环境响应。 相似文献
20.
高寒区植被变化一直是气候和生态学领域关注的热点问题。本研究基于MODIS NDVI数据计算的植被覆盖度数据和高分辨率气象数据,分析了青海湖流域2001-2017年植被覆盖度分布格局及动态变化,探讨了其对气候变化、人类活动和冻土退化的响应。结果表明：① 近十几年青海湖流域植被覆盖度整体表现为增加趋势,不同植被类型增幅存在差异性,草地增幅最大,达到6.1%/10a,其它植被类型增幅在2%~3%/10a之间;② 流域局部地区仍存在植被退化现象,研究期植被退化面积表现为先增加后减小的变化趋势。2006-2011年重度退化区集中在青海湖东岸,2011-2017年重度退化区集中在流域的西北部,这些区域是青海湖流域荒漠分布区,植被覆盖度较低,是今后生态恢复需重点关注的区域;③ 气候变化是流域植被覆盖度变化的主导因素,气候变化对青海湖流域主要植被类型覆盖度变化的贡献率为84.21%,对草原、草甸和灌丛植被覆盖度变化的贡献率分别为81.84%、87.47%和75.96%;④ 人类活动对流域主要植被类型覆盖度变化的贡献率为15.79%,对草原、草甸和灌丛植被覆盖度变化的贡献率分别为18.16%、12.53%和24.04%,环青海湖地区人类活动对植被恢复有促进效应,在青海湖流域北部部分地区人类活动的破坏力度仍大于建设力度;⑤ 冻土退化对青海湖流域草甸和灌丛植被覆盖度变化影响很小,主要影响草原植被覆盖度变化,冻土退化造成草原植被覆盖度增长速率减小了1.2%/10a。 相似文献