共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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黏土矿物广泛分布于自然界中,其对地质和地球化学过程有重要意义,也是工业、环境等领域中的重要矿物材料。黏土矿物的众多物化性质均与其表界面结构和性质有关。作为实验研究方法的重要补充,量子力学模拟被广泛用于黏土表界面性质的研究。本文回顾了利用量子分子动力学模拟对黏土矿物-水界面性质的研究,包括表界面结构、表面酸度和离子络合等方面。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(2)
黏土矿物作为一类天然纳米结构硅酸盐非金属矿物材料,以其比表面积大、生物相容性好、价廉易得等优势而成为酶固定化、构建纳米结构酶复合体系的理想载体。本文综述了近年来以黏土矿物为载体构建的纳米结构酶复合体系及其应用进展,包括以黏土矿物为载体制成的纳米结构酶,以改性黏土材料为载体制成的纳米结构复合酶,以及以改性黏土矿物为囊壁材包封酶制成的黏土矿物基纳米复合酶仿生微囊。纳米结构酶复合体系的构建,不仅提高了酶的催化效率,还增强了酶在复杂环境中的耐用性和重复使用性,在降低酶工业化成本的同时,也为黏土矿物的高值化利用开拓了新方向。 相似文献
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泌阳凹陷地质流体对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物形成和分布的控制作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
运用扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析等技术,在对泌阳凹陷核桃园组砂岩储集层中黏土矿物分布特征研究的基础上,从黏土矿物的形成条件和形成过程入手,详细分析了地质流体的性质、组成、流动方式、迁移速度等对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物形成和分布的影响,指出砂岩储集层中参与成岩反应的碎屑活性组分和地质流体对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物的形成和分布具有控制作用,并讨论了它们的形成机理.研究表明,黏土矿物的形成和分布能够不同程度地影响砂岩储集层的孔渗性和含油气性;高岭石发育层段与次生孔隙的发育和渗透率的增加以及油气的富集层段具有良好的对应关系. 相似文献
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电气石功能复合材料研究进展及前景展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
电气石为环状结构硅酸盐矿物,具有压电性、热释电性、远红外辐射和释放负离子性等独特性能,通过物理或化学方法与其他材料复合,可制得多种功能材料,被广泛应用于环保、电子、医药、化工、轻工、建材等领域,已成为一种高附加价值的新型工业矿物,受到人们的广泛重视。中国的电气石功能矿物的产地达150多处,有80多处电气石的储存量在数千万吨以上,所以电气石功能复合材料的研发对电气石功能矿物的高性能利用以及新型功能复合材料的制备均具有重要的意义。综述了电气石功能复合材料的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
黏土矿物具有特殊的纳米片层结构、含可交换性层间阳离子、微观结构及表面物理化学性质易调控;因此,黏土矿物及其改性产物对多种环境污染物有良好的吸附/催化性能,在污染控制领域有良好的应用前景。近年来,课题组以蒙脱石和层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)为代表,研究了它们在污染控制领域的资源利用:1)研究了蒙脱石、LDH、LDO(LDH煅烧产物)对染料分子的吸附特征,发现它们对染料分子的吸附性能可优于活性炭;通过碳化处理废弃黏土矿物的方法,制备了系列类石墨烯纳米碳材料及多孔碳材料,所得碳材料显示了良好的电催化性能或吸附性能。2)研究了蒙脱石对重金属离子的吸附特征,并通过热处理实现了重金属离子的层间域/片层结构内的原位锁定。3)研究了羟基金属改性蒙脱石对重金属离子和含氧酸根的协同吸附机制,并发现吸附产物(如吸附了磷酸根和Cu2+的羟基铁柱撑蒙脱石)可用于光催化降解有机污染物。4)综合运用实验研究和分子模拟技术,研究了有机改性蒙脱石对疏水性有机污染物的吸附机制,发现表面活性剂堆垛密度是决定有机黏土吸附性能的关键因素,并采用阳离子聚合物来调控层间域表面活性剂堆垛密度,优化了有机黏土吸附性能。5)采用阳离子表面活性剂和羟基金属共同插层的方法,制备了有机-无机复合蒙脱石,发现了其能同时吸附有机物和含氧酸根离子。课题组的研究工作综合运用了实验研究和分子模拟,包括了基础理论研究和应用研究,涉及了黏土矿物及其改性产物的吸附、催化性能,并探讨多种废弃黏土矿物的资源回用技术。研究结果对实现黏土矿物在污染控制领域的高效资源利用提供了新信息。 相似文献
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近红外光谱(NIR)技术具有测试快速、准确和对样品无接触、无损害等诸多优点,因而被广泛应用于材料科学、医学和地球科学等众多领域。在地质学和行星探测领域,近红外光谱常用来原地和遥感识别星球表面矿物组成、分布及相对含量等信息。近红外光谱对含有羟基和水的矿物,特别是黏土矿物有更强的响应,而黏土矿物主要的生成条件和矿物物化性质使其常常以岩石矿物表面覆层形式广泛存在于地表环境中。在实际测试过程中,覆层形式存在的黏土矿物极有可能会对探测目标区的岩石矿物含量和赋存状态等信息产生干扰,其干扰程度和机制尚不十分清楚。为此,本研究针对性地考察了黏土矿物覆层对矿物表面近红外光谱测试的影响。选用绿脱石、绿泥石、高岭石和伊利石4种代表性黏土矿物,覆层的厚度分别设计约为30、10、2和1μm;基体矿物选取角闪石、钾长石和石英为代表。实验结果表明,在位于2100～2370 nm处的近红外光谱吸收波段,不同厚度的黏土矿物覆层均会不同程度地影响基体矿物的反射光谱特征,导致在遥感探测过程中无法准确地获取其光谱信息,且随着覆层厚度增加,基体矿物信息被湮没的程度加剧。与富铁黏土矿物(绿脱石和绿泥石)相比,富铝黏土矿物(高岭石... 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
目前黏土矿物的理论研究,主要还停留在研究矿物在环境变化影响下的结构变化。为了提高黏土矿物的产品附加值,人们开始关注黏土矿物的深加工改性与综合利用。关于黏土矿物表面和本征结构改性的计算模拟在国内外已经初步展开,但仍有待深入研究[1-2]。如何有效地结合理论和实验研究,阐明黏土矿物功能化后的结构与性能变化,是矿物材料的一个研究重点。课题组通过系统分析黏土矿物功能化过程中铝、硅骨架的改变程度,研究探讨铝硅酸盐及其衍生产物在表面改性和本征改性下的几何结构和电子、光学性能变化。以Sb2S3/二氧化硅纳米管表面结构的理论模型为例,通过DFT计算研究了功能纳米颗粒在有机功能化黏土矿物表面负载的界面机理[3],研究了功能化前后几何结构与电子结构的变化及纳米颗粒尺寸效应的影响、硅氧四面体外表面嫁接巯丙基在吸附纳米颗粒中起到的作用,发现当杂化纳米复合物各个组分的电子结构发生显著杂化,其主要光学性能由负载的纳米颗粒的电子结构决定,并证实了从功能颗粒到矿物基体的电荷转移,且DFT计算得到的电子结构信息将有利于未来对这类复合材料的原子尺度研究,可为以功能化黏土矿物表面结构为多功能基体合成功能特性可调的纳米复合材料提供理论借鉴。结合DFT计算,研究了由凹凸棒石为硅源制备的Au/Al-MCM-41的电子结构和光学性能,以及金和Al-MCM-41基体的相互作用,发现所制备材料相对于Au-MCM-4l材料的吸收边蓝移源于黏土矿物中的Al源的电荷补偿效应[4]。在研究埃洛石制备含铝介孔二氧化硅管的过程中铝脱除过程和硅缩聚过程的原子结构变化时,结合实验表征及DFT计算,发现NMR谱随硅氧结构变化的总体趋势与一般经验规律相似,即与Q3结构成键的Al越少则NMR化学位移数值越低[5]。课题组正在开展的研究工作主要集中在黏土矿物脱Al后氢键重构作用下Si原子附近局域产生的结构形变,分析负载埃洛石表面的局域结构和电子性能变化,以期深度解析埃洛石表面功能化后Al原子与负载原子的电荷转移,以及埃洛石基体和表面负载的纳米功能颗粒的电子转移规律,为矿物基复合功能材料的性能提升提供思路。 相似文献
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粘土矿物在催化裂化催化剂中的应用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
粘土矿物在催化裂化催化剂中的应用表现在三个方面：(1)在无定形硅铝凝胶引入之前,活性白土的使用代表着一个历史阶段;(2)层柱粘土的研究是目前国际上活跃的新型催化材料前沿课题之一,层柱蒙脱石的制备研究是当前最有吸引力的研究方向,铝多核羟基金属阳离子或有铝参与的多核羟基双金属阳离子柱化剂的研究制备是当前主要研究课题,并有从制备单一铝多核羟 基聚合金属阳离子柱化剂向制备铝和其它元素的多核羟基聚合金属阳离子柱化剂的方向发展的趋势;(3 )在寻求新催化剂载体中,伊/蒙间层等矿物的层柱化显得尤为重要,用高岭土作催化裂化催化剂载体,在目前和将来的一段时间内仍将发挥重要作用,高岭土的成因、矿物成分、杂质含量、结构羟基的热稳定性以及物理性质等对催化特性均有影响,并有可能从中寻找到无活性载体。应加强催化剂 载体的矿物学特征与催化特性间的相互关系研究。 相似文献
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柱撑粘土复合材料的研究进展及其在环境污染物治理方面的应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以具有片状或层状结构以及较为规整的大孔结构的粘土材料为母体,在其层间引入不同阳离子化合物为柱化剂而合成出性能各异的新型柱撑粘土 (pillared clay)复合材料及其应用是目前环境地球化学研究中备受瞩目的研究前沿之一.对柱撑粘土复合材料的制备进展及其在环境污染治理中的应用进展进行了系统的综述,详细探讨了各种合成影响因素如有机阳离子、无机阳离子以及两者联用柱化剂的选择、复合材料热处理过程、表面酸化预处理等手段对合成柱撑粘土复合材料的制备及性能的影响,同时还对柱撑粘土复合材料在水体和大气环境中毒害有机污染物治理方面的应用进行了比较详细的综述. 相似文献
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The water retention capacity of geomaterials, and especially clayey soils, is sensitive to temperature changes as the physical mechanisms of retention, such as capillarity or adsorption, are affected by it. It is therefore a major issue to be able to define temperature-dependent behaviour of materials, especially for geo-energy and geo-environmental applications involving non-isothermal conditions. This paper presents results of experiments conducted on two representative materials: a hard clay (Opalinus clay) and a plastic clay (Boom clay), both of which have been considered as buffer materials for underground radioactive waste disposal, in Switzerland and Belgium, respectively. Two new devices were developed for this purpose to permit the analysis of water retention behaviour at different temperatures. The behaviour of these two materials at ambient (20 °C) and high temperature (80 °C) was observed and described through the evolution of the degree of saturation, the water content and the void ratio with respect to suction. It appears that the retention capability of the clays reduces significantly with an increase in temperature; on the other hand, the change in temperature had less of an effect on the total volume variation. 相似文献
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This paper presents an analytical study of LateBronze andIronAge ceramics and natural clay deposits from the archaeological site ofPuig deSa Morisca in southwestMallorca,Spain. In our study, we combine petrographic, micropaleontological, mineralogical (X‐ray powder diffraction) and textural (laser particle size) analyses of sherds and local clays that may have been used as raw material in ceramic production. This approach allowed us to compare the ceramics’ formal characteristics with those observed in nearby plastic clays and assess raw clay procurement and paste preparation. The results indicate the use of local (<500 m distance) calcareous clays throughout theLateBronze andIron ages. This raw material was mixed with other coarser clays or crushed calcite, as well as other calcareous tempers, such as breccias or calcarenites, located close to the site. The results demonstrate that the same clay deposit was used to make ceramic vessels following different technological choices and recipes. Thus, local communities established a strong connection with the same raw materials through time that were located within the potters’ preferential range of exploitation. 相似文献
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Antibiotics are used not only to fight infections and inhibit bacterial growth, but also as growth promotants in farm livestock. Farm runoff and other farm-linked waste have led to increased antibiotic levels present in the environment, the impact of which is not completely understood. Soil, more specifically clays, that the antibiotic contacts may alter its effectiveness against bacteria. In this study a swelling clay mineral montmorillonite was preloaded with antibiotics tetracycline and ciprofloxacin at varying concentrations and bioassays were conducted to examine whether the antibiotics still inhibited bacterial growth in the presence of montmorillonite. Escherichia coli was incubated with montmorillonite or antibiotic-adsorbed montmorillonite, and then the number of viable bacteria per mL was determined. The antimicrobial activity of tetracycline was affected in the presence of montmorillonite, as the growth of non-resistant bacteria was still found even when extremely high TC doses were used. Conversely, in the presence of montmorillonite, ciprofloxacin did inhibit E. coli bacterial growth at high concentrations. These results suggest that the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in clayey soils depends on the amount of antibiotic substance present, and on the interactions between the antibiotic and the clays in the soil, as well. 相似文献
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黏土矿物古气候意义研究的现状与展望 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
系统地分析了利用海洋沉积物、古土壤、湖盆沉积物中黏土矿物进行古气候环境研究的现状、存在问题和发展趋势。海洋沉积物的物源范围广,影响因素复杂,其中的碎屑黏土矿物所指示的古气候参数只能用于解释母源区的气候变化,而只有自生黏土矿物才能指示沉积区的气候;古土壤形成于特定的地质背景条件下,尤其是发育于火山物质母岩之上的风化自生黏土矿物,可以准确地指示该区的古气候条件;湖盆沉积物的物源范围小,沉积物中的黏土矿物可以更有效地运用于古气候环境的分析。对于沉积物中黏土矿物来源的分析,可以借助晶体中cv空位和tv空位的精细结构特征进行判断;在风化改造的红土剖面研究中,因强烈的化学风化、淋滤和迁移,黏土矿物方法具有独特的优势。风化过程中形成的一些亚种或过渡性黏土矿物,以及同生沉积过程中形成的黏土矿物,对气候环境的变化更加敏感,应加强这方面的研究。此外,在造山带的气候环境演化研究中,自生黏土矿物稳定同位素可以更可靠地指示气候环境的变化。 相似文献
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通过室内试验,考察了去离子水及不同浓度总磷溶液对黏土物理力学性质的影响,并通过土体矿物成分含量及微观形貌分析,对总磷溶液与黏土作用机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明,总磷对土体物理力学性质影响明显：黏土塑性指数随着总磷溶液浓度的增大而减小,有效黏聚力先增大后减小,有效内摩擦角则随着溶液浓度的增大而增大;各浸泡条件下,黏土应力-应变关系曲线变化规律基本一致,均呈应变硬化现象,土体剪切峰值随总磷溶液浓度的增大先增大后减小;总磷溶液与土体间相互作用主要包括离子交换作用、胶结作用及微生物分解作用,并同时受到孔隙液介电常数及黏滞性的影响,这些作用通过改变黏土的矿物成分含量,使其微观形貌及孔隙特征发生明显变化,最终导致土体的宏观力学特性改变。 相似文献
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Bentonite clays are regarded a promising material for engineered barrier systems for the encapsulation of hazardous wastes because of their low hydraulic permeability, swelling potential, ability to self-seal cracks in contact with water and their high sorption potential. SKB (Svensk Kärnbränslehantering) has been conducting long term field scale experiments on potential buffer materials at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory for radioactive waste disposal in Sweden.The Alternative Buffer Material (ABM) test examined buffer properties of eleven different clay materials under the influence of groundwater and at temperatures reaching up to 135 °C, replicating the heat pulse after waste emplacement. Clay materials were emplaced into holes drilled in fractured granite as compacted rings around a central heater element and subsequently brought into contact with groundwater for 880 days. After test termination, and against expectations, all clay materials were found to have undergone large scale alterations in the cation exchange population. A reactive-diffusive transport model was developed to aid the interpretation of the observed large-scale porewater chemistry changes. It was found, that the interaction between Äspö groundwater and the clay blocks, together with the geochemical nature of the clays (Na vs Ca-dominated clays) exerted the strongest control on the porewater chemistry. A pronounced exchange of Na by Ca was observed and simulated, driven by large Ca concentrations in the contacting groundwater. The model was able to link the porewater alterations to the fracture network in the deposition hole. The speed of alterations was in turn linked to high diffusion coefficients under the applied temperatures, which facilitated the propagation of hydrochemical changes into the clays. With diffusion coefficients increased by up to one order of magnitude at the maximum temperatures, the study was able to demonstrate the importance of considering temperature-dependant diffusion in understanding and predicting geochemical alterations of engineered barriers systems after relatively short exposure times following waste emplacement. 相似文献
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Normally, the use of clays as reference materials in chemical provenance studies of ancient ceramics is complicated due to the original clay paste processing. The primary mixing and/or refining of raw materials during pottery production makes a straightforward comparison of archaeological ceramics with extant geological materials difficult if not impossible in many cases. However, in the case of Pliocene clays from Aegina (Greece), which were examined chemically and mineralogically and compared with Bronze Age pottery produced on the island, a successful exception can be presented. The chemical composition of a large group of Aeginetan pottery resembles the chemical composition of clays from a deposit in close vicinity to the main Bronze Age settlement of the island. Clays from specific outcrops exhibit considerable chemical and mineralogical homogeneity, and the suitability of those clays for pottery production apparently made substantial clay paste processing unnecessary. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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This paper presents an overview of the modification of clay minerals by propping apart the clay layers with an inorganic complex. This expanded material is converted into a permanent two-dimensional structure, known as pillared clay or shortly PILC, by thermal treatment. The resulting material exhibits a two-dimensional porous structure with acidic properties comparable to that of zeolites. Synthetic as well as natural smectites serve as precursors for the synthesis of Al, Zr, Ti, Fe, Cr, Ga, V, Si and other pillared clays as well as mixed Fe/Al, Ga/Al, Si/Al, Zr/Al and other mixed metal pillared clays. Biofuels form an interesting renewable energy source, where these porous, catalytically active materials can play an important role in the conversion of vegetable oils, such as canola oil, into biodiesel. Transesterification of vegetable oil is currently the method of choice for conversion to biofuel. The second part of this review focuses on the catalysts and cracking reaction conditions used for the production of biofuel. A distinction has been made in three different vegetable oils as starting materials: canola oil, palm oil and sunflower oil. 相似文献