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1.
介绍用Winsurfer自动画剖析图的方法。Winsurfer提供了一个脚本开发环境—Gsmac,这是一个在Gsmac下开发的脚本程序,简单易行。只要准备好数据和各元素的内、中、外带等级文件——*.LVL及各个综合异常的地质图栅格文件,即可自动绘制剖析图册。 相似文献
2.
Interpolated geochemical maps contain problems of sample catchments and vacant sample areas. However, the resemblance of these
maps with regional geological maps implies that there are strong correlations between them. A conceptual model of the geological
units from multivariate chemical elements is constructed by decision tree technique. The reproducibility of the geological
map with the conceptual model is about 80% in the Chungbuk province map of Korea. Statistical uncertainties indicate that
rock units could be predicted reasonably well by decision tree if the geological map polygon is big enough. Misinterpreted
points are due to interpolation problems between samples from adjacent rock units and from different sample catchments. In
the Chungbuk example, the latter is less significant. The size of the map polygon is one of the most critical factors, and
a polygon size greater than 50 km2 is reliable for such analyses for the Chungbuk example. Combined lithologies in a single mapping unit are not critically
affected by decision tree prediction. 相似文献
3.
Application of remote sensing technique to mapping of the map series of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the mapping program of the map series of karst geology in China and Southeast Asia, the paper summarizes the application of remote sensing technique and the process of acquiring information from remote sensing images. Generally, remote sensing technique serves as an effective method to recognize information about karst topography, rocky desertification and karst collapse. Interpretation of remote sensing images, in combination with field verification and cartographic generalization, provides basic data for updating the program database and compiling synthetic maps. In interpreting remote sensing images, automatic extraction can make it more efficient and visual interpretation can improve its accuracy. 相似文献
4.
笔者倡导并持续采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法这一定量的岩相古地理学方法论。单因素是能独立地反映某地区、某地质时期、某沉积层段沉积环境某些特征的因素,它的有无或含量的多少均可独立地反映该地区、该层段沉积环境的某些特征,如沉积环境水体的深浅、能量大小、性质等。某沉积层段的厚度、岩石类型、结构组分、矿物成分、化学成分、化石及其生态组合等，均可作为单因素。单因素分析多因素综合作图可分三个步骤：第一，是对各剖面尤其是各基干剖面进行认真的地层学和定量岩石学研究，取得各种第一手的定性和定量资料，尤其是定量资料，了解各剖面各沉积层段的沉积环境特征。第二，在已取得的各剖面的定量资料中，按要求的作图单位，选择出那些能独立地反映其沉积环境特征的因素，即单因素；并把全区各剖面各作图单位的各种单因素的百分含量都统计出来，作出各种相应的单因素图，主要是等值线图。这些单因素图可以从不同的侧面定量地反映该地区该沉积层段的沉积环境。这就是单因素分析。第三，把这些定量的单因素图叠加起来，并结合该地区该沉积层段的其他定量和定性资料，去粗取精，去伪存真，全面分析，综合判断，即可编制出该地区该沉积层段的定量岩相古地理图。这就是多因素综合作图。这一方法论的核心是定量，即以各剖面的定量单因素资料为基础，从各单因素图的分析入手，再通过各单因素图的叠加和综合分析判断，最后作出定量的岩相古地理图。在这种岩相古地理图中，各古地理单元的确定都有确切的定量资料和单因素图为依据。定量是笔者等用单因素分析多因素综合作图法编制出的岩相古地理图的最大特色。这就使岩相古地理图和岩相古地理学发展到了定量的阶段。这在古地理学中是个重大的进展。 相似文献
5.
数字城市项目中的大比例尺正射影像图具有反映地理信息特点,直观表现出地形、地貌、以及地物的特征,在数字城市、测绘地理信息、城市规划、国土资源调查等领域提供科学的技术依据,更是建设数字城市项目的基础数据。通过笔者参加的数字黄山及数字马鞍山大比例尺正射影像图的生产经验,总结了利用MapMatrix、Pixel—Grid—AEO、Erdas、PhotoshopCS,通过人工采集特征线生成DEM或者直接生成DEM后修测的方法制作DOM,摸索出了一些制作过程中遇到的实际问题的解决办法。 相似文献
6.
Combining neural network with fuzzy,certainty factor and likelihood ratio concepts for spatial prediction of landslides 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The landslide studies can be categorized as pre- and postdisaster studies. The predisaster studies include spatial prediction
of potential landslide zones known as landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping to identify the areas/locales susceptible
to landslide hazard. The LSZ maps provide an assessment of the safety of existing habitations and infrastructural/functional
elements and help plan further developmental activities in the hilly regions. Landslides are one of the natural geohazards
that affect at least 15% of land area of India. Different types of landslides occur frequently in geodynamical active domains
of the Himalayas. In India, various techniques have been developed and adopted for LSZ mapping of different regions. However,
the technique for LSZ mapping is not yet standardized. The present research is an attempt in this direction only. In our earlier
work (Kanungo et al. 2006), a detailed study on conventional, artificial neural network (ANN)- black box-, fuzzy set-based and combined neural and
fuzzy weighting techniques for LSZ mapping in Darjeeling Himalayas has been documented. In this paper, other techniques such
as combined neural and certainty factor concept along with combined neural and likelihood ratio techniques have been assessed
in comparison with combined neural and fuzzy technique for the preparation of LSZ maps of the same study area in parts of
Darjeeling Himalayas. It is observed from the present study that the LSZ map produced using combined neural and fuzzy approach
appears to be the most accurate one as in this case only 2.3% of the total area is found to be categorized as very high susceptibility
zone and contains 30.1% of the existing landslide area. This approach can serve as one of the key objective approaches for
spatial prediction of landslide hazards in hilly terrain. 相似文献
7.
The aim of this investigation was the classification of East Rhodope mountain ridge area and the surrounding hills and plains into mapping units by visual interpretation of 1:500,000 paper print enlargements of MSS false colour composites (bands 1, 2 and 4) of LANDSAT-4 and MSS (band 7) of LANDSAT-1, supported by limited field observation and background information available from earlier surveys and maps. The basic mapping units used in the present study was the land systems (developed by CSIRO in Australia) because they are easily recognizable on LANDSAT images by their destinctive combination of physiography, soils and vegetation.The twenty various land systems occurring in the study area, such as high/low mountains with smooth/sharp summits, nearly flat/undulated plains, slightly/strongly dissected hilles etc., were defined and mapped on small scale of 1:500,000. They are of considerable interest because they provide the framework for production of the same scale geological and geo-morphological maps, erosion studies, soil, vegetation and other thematic mapping for natural resources surveys, because LANDSAT images reveal details of terrain and microrelief that can never be reproduced on a topographic map. Also this land system map may modify or add to earlier small scale thematic maps (geology, soils and vegetation/forestry maps) produced in the past by other techniques. 相似文献
8.
在甘肃和青海交界地区的1：257Y民和县幅、临夏市幅和定西市幅数字区域地质调查中,以“数字填图系统（RGMAP）”为平台,使用遥感ETM^＋数据和地形数据对岩石地层进行了信息挖掘。数据准备主要是遥感和数字地形多源信息的提取和预处理．从数字地形图的等高线数据中提取高程,进而提取汇水网络等水文信息和地形参数。遥感数据经过地形校正、线性增强、色彩拉伸,进行空间分辨率增强,经彩色合成并结合数字高程,实现了对调查区构造-地层区划和部分岩石地层单元的识别。实践证明该项工作是地质填图的重要辅助手段。 相似文献
9.
在基于GIS技术的矿产资源评价工作中,矿产资源潜力评价的自动制图模型通常用来统计综合多源地学信息以便自动圈定成矿远景靶区。在本文中,笔者以人工智能研究领域中的一种不确定推理模型——确定性理论为基础,提出了一种新的矿产资源潜力评价的自动制图模型——合成有矿可信度模型。该模型可以根据研究区各种成矿有利和不利证据的空间分布图,统计生成对应于每一种证据的有矿可信度栅格图,然后,按照特定的有矿可信度合成规则,将所有的有矿可信度栅格图统计综合生成合成有矿可信度栅格图。以该图为依据,可以把研究区内合成有矿可信度相对较高的成矿远景区圈定出来。也可以生成研究区合成有矿可信度等值线图。应用该模型预测了新疆北部多拉纳萨依—阿舍勒地区的多金属成矿远景,并将预测结果与证据加权模型预测结果进行了比较,两种模型的预测结果基本相似,证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
10.
Implementation of reconstructed geomorphologic units in landslide susceptibility mapping: the Melen Gorge (NW Turkey) 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
In the international literature, although considerable amount of publications on the landslide susceptibility mapping exist,
geomorphology as a conditioning factor is still used in limited number of studies. Considering this factor, the purpose of
this article paper is to implement the geomorphologic parameters derived by reconstructed topography in landslide susceptibility
mapping. According to the method employed in this study, terrain is generalized by the contours passed through the convex
slopes of the valleys that were formed by fluvial erosion. Therefore, slope conditions before landsliding can be obtained.
The reconstructed morphometric and geomorphologic units are taken into account as a conditioning parameter when assessing
landslide susceptibility. Two different data, one of which is obtained from the reconstructed DEM, have been employed to produce
two landslide susceptibility maps. The binary logistic regression is used to develop landslide susceptibility maps for the
Melen Gorge in the Northwestern part of Turkey. Due to the high correct classification percentages and spatial effectiveness
of the maps, the landslide susceptibility map comprised the reconstructed morphometric parameters exhibits a better performance
than the other. Five different datasets are selected randomly to apply proper sampling strategy for training. As a consequence
of the analyses, the most proper outcomes are obtained from the dataset of the reconstructed topographical parameters and
geomorphologic units, and lithological variables that are implemented together. Correct classification percentage and root
mean square error (RMSE) values of the validation dataset are calculated as 86.28% and 0.35, respectively. Prediction capacity
of the different datasets reveal that the landslide susceptibility map obtained from the reconstructed parameters has a higher
prediction capacity than the other. Moreover, the landslide susceptibility map obtained from the reconstructed parameters
produces logical results. 相似文献
11.
12.
Karst unit mapping using geographic information system technology,Mower County,Minnesota, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jeffrey A. Green William J. Marken Calvin E. Alexander Scott C. Alexander 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(5):457-461
Mower County is in southeastern Minnesota in an area underlain by sedimentary bedrock. These rocks are karsted Middle Devonian and Middle Ordovician limestone and dolomite. The karst features of the county were inventoried. These features include sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves, dry valleys, and springs. Previous karst mapping efforts for other counties in Minnesota have produced sinkhole probability maps and a springshed map. In Mower County, we have developed a new type of karst map using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce a karst unit map. Karst units are discrete three-dimensional bodies in which solution of the bedrock has resulted in the integration of surface water and groundwater. The field mapping and hydrologic investigations were done with conventional methods. The karst unit delineation was done using GIS technology, which allowed us to examine the county's karst using two-dimensional and three-dimensional views. Many different overlays of the karst elements were combined to better understand the landscape dynamics. Ultimately, it was the overlay of the karst features, hydrologic information, and depth-to-bedrock mapping on a shaded relief landscape morphology map which allowed us to best delineate the individual karst units. 相似文献
13.
传统纸介质手工制图存在信息实时再现滞后、共享交换不便等弊端,即便目前普遍使用计算机制图,也只是对纸介质底图进行二次描绘,不是真正意义上的计算机数字化制图和专业应用.因此,由野外实测数据直接进机处理生成地质基础图件,已成为专业人员在实际工作中急需解决的实际问题.笔者尝试以中国地质大学开发的MAPGIS6.6为主,辅以常用图表处理软件等,将原始数据转换成MAPGIS明码格式文件,导入成图系统,经系统处理直接成图,基本解决了野外实测数据直接进机处理生成地质基础图件的问题,其成图精度高,基本图形、数据共享,成果信息实时再现,能够进行基本的空间分析,可实现信息全息化,成图质量可通过源数据检查等. 相似文献
14.
下扬子地区中、下三叠统青龙群岩相古地理研究及编图 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
下扬子地区青龙群分殷坑组、龙山组、扁担山组和马鞍山组,前三组属下三叠统,后一组属中三叠统。主要由碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩及蒸发岩组成。用单因素分析综合作图法,做出了殷坑期、和龙山期、扁担山期和东马鞍山期的岩相古地理图4幅。殷坑期的下扬子海具“四分”特征,即自南而北依次为浅水碎屑岩台地、浅水碳酸盐岩台地、深水斜坡和深水盆地。和龙山期的古地理面貌与殷坑期大体相同。扁担山期的“四分”特征己不明显,浅水碳酸盐岩台地及浅滩发育。东马鞍山期的下扬子海全为浅水环境、潮坪及泻湖发育。从殷坑期到东马鞍山期,呈现出一个明显的海退序列。 相似文献
15.
Arindam Guha K. Vinod Kumar M. V. V. Kamaraju K. Babu Govindharaj 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(2):268-272
The application of SAR data is a proven technology in geological studies but very few accounts are available in India, which
can evaluate and demonstrate the utility of microwave signatures as an important tool for geological mapping. In this connection,
the significance of polarization is an important parameter in enhancing geological elements. Present study reveals that the
simple polarization composite prepared from different polarization channels can significantly aid the delineation of geological
features as demonstrated from the Proterozoic metasedimentary sequences of Kurnool Group. The polarization colour composites
reveal that different sedimentary units can be differentiated on the basis of variable back scattering return in different
polarization channel. Further geological structures of regional importance can also be delineated in these colour composite
images. Comparative analysis of different composite images with published geological maps, illustrates the capabilities of
the microwave polarization in enhancing geological elements and how they can be used in updating geological data. 相似文献
16.
James M. Rine John M. Shafer Elzbieta Covington Richard C. Berg 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1620-1634
Published information on the correlation and field-testing of the technique of stack-unit/aquifer sensitivity mapping with documented subsurface contaminant plumes is rare. The inherent characteristic of stack-unit mapping, which makes it a superior technique to other analyses that amalgamate data, is the ability to deconstruct the sensitivity analysis on a unit-by-unit basis. An aquifer sensitivity map, delineating the relative sensitivity of the Crouch Branch aquifer of the Administrative/Manufacturing Area (A/M) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina, USA, incorporates six hydrostratigraphic units, surface soil units, and relevant hydrologic data. When this sensitivity map is compared with the distribution of the contaminant tetrachloroethylene (PCE), PCE is present within the Crouch Branch aquifer within an area classified as highly sensitive, even though the PCE was primarily released on the ground surface within areas classified with low aquifer sensitivity. This phenomenon is explained through analysis of the aquifer sensitivity map, the groundwater potentiometric surface maps, and the plume distributions within the area on a unit-by- unit basis. The results of this correlation show how the paths of the PCE plume are influenced by both the geology and the groundwater flow. 相似文献
17.
MicroStation是一套可执行于多种软硬体平台的通用电脑辅助绘图及设计（CAD）软件。在MicroStation中,其制作的符号被保存在一个后缀为CEL符号库文件里,使用时只需正确连接符号库即可。使用MicroStation绘图时,SHARECELL功能为图形符号的替换带来方便。地形图主要使用GRAPHIC、POINTS两种符号类型,其可以通过层、颜色等属性来定义。符号制作时可依据国家标准地形图图示,设置大小及符号原点。设置合适的比例,库中符号则可绘制不同比例尺地形图。MicroStation的符号制作功能虽然灵活,但没有提供对符号要素的编辑功能是软件的一大缺陷。 相似文献
18.
Richard J. Howarth 《Mathematical Geology》1971,3(2):95-121
Afortran iv computer program for grey-level mapping of spatial data using a CDC 6600 is described. The program produces maps for irregularly distributed data in as many as 10 intensity levels which are displayed in grey tones by a lineprinter. Unlimited map size and unrestricted data input provide for as many as 5000 data points per 13-in.-wide strip of map. The program is easily modified for other installations. Examples are given of geochemical analyses of stream sediments in Northern Ireland. 相似文献
19.
Landslide susceptibility assessment forms the basis of any hazard mapping, which is one of the essential parts of quantitative
risk mapping. For the same study area, different susceptibility maps can be achieved depending on the type of susceptibility
mapping methods, mapping unit, and scale. Although there are various methods of obtaining susceptibility maps, the efficiency
and performance of each method should be evaluated. In this study the effect of mapping unit and susceptibility mapping method
on landslide susceptibility assessment is investigated. When analyzing the effect of susceptibility mapping method, logistic
regression (LR) which is widely used in landslide susceptibility mapping and, spatial regression (SR), which have not been
used for landslide susceptibility mapping, are selected. The susceptibility maps with logistic and spatial regression models
are obtained using two different mapping units namely slope unit-based and grid-based mapping units. The procedure for investigation
of effect of mapping unit on different susceptibility mapping methods is applied to Kumluca watershed, in Bartin Province
of Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. 18 factor maps are prepared for landslide susceptibility assessment in the study region.
Geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques are used to create the landslide factor maps, to obtain susceptibility
maps and to compare the results. The relative operating characteristics (ROC) curve is used to compare the predictive abilities
of each model and mapping unit and also the accuracy is evaluated depending on the observations made during field surveys.
By analyzing the area under the ROC curve for grid-based and slope unit-based mapping units, it can be concluded that SR model
provide better predictive performance (0.774 in grids and 0.898 in slope units) as compared to the LR model (0.744 in grids
and 0.820 in slope units). This result is also supported by the accuracy analysis. For both mapping units, the SR model provides
more accurate result (0.55 for grids and 0.57 for slope units) than the LR model (0.50 for grids and 0.48 for slopes). The
main reason for this better performance is that the spatial correlations between the mapping units are incorporated into the
model in SR while this fact is not considered in LR model. 相似文献
20.
A. Cendrero J. S nchez C. Antolin S. Arnal J.R. Diaz de Ter n E. Franc s V. Martí nez M. MoiunÜ o M. Nieto I. Nogales E. P rez C. Rios F. Robles A. Romero C. Sua rez 《Engineering Geology》1990,29(4):291-319
Two case studies of the application of geoscientific maps for planning in semi-arid regions are presented, one for the Mediterranean province of Valencia and another for the island of Gran Canaria (Canaries). Both regions are very dynamic from the point of view of population growth and urban-touristic-industrial development, and they suffer from a serious degree of environmental degradation. The provincial/ island governments have undertaken programmes of geoscientific mapping and assessment to serve as a basis for the establishment of guidelines for future planning.
Two map sets have been made (1:200,000 in Valencia and 1:50,000 in Gran Canaria), based on initial maps of homogeneous integrated units. These represent a series of hierarchical land subdivisions, progressively smaller and more detailed (morphodynamic environments, systems, units, elements), defined on the basis of morphostructure, climate, lithology, surficial deposits, landforms, topography, active processes, soils, vegetation and human influence.
Each individual map unit is described by means of a form which includes 114 items, summarising its environmental features.
Morphodynamic units have been evaluated in terms of qualities significant for planning, and a series of derivative maps has been developed (geologic hazards, soil capability, present degree of erosion, potential erodibility, quality for conservation).
A final map shows the most advisable types of uses and the main limitations for human activities, mainly due to engineering geological factors. This is a synthesis document which can be used directly by planners. 相似文献