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1.

The water availability deficit is a governance crisis and an environmental, social, and economic risk. This study presents a spatial multicriteria approach for mapping Water Scarcity Vulnerability (WSV) and a comparative analysis of criteria weighting techniques to support the management of water resources in semiarid regions. Initially, nine vulnerability indicators were identified from a literature review and spatialized through a Geographic Information System (GIS) for a water donor region and another recipient from the São Francisco River, in the semiarid region of Brazil. Subsequently, one subjective and two objectives weighting techniques were implemented and compared to measure the weights of the indicators. Finally, the Viekriterijumsko Kompromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR) method was combined with GIS to construct WSV maps. The results indicate the conditions of WSV in the transposition water donor region can be more critical than the region receiver, and the choice of the weighting method influences the results of the multicriteria-GIS approaches. The WSV mapping approach can be helpful for water management decision-making to identify priority areas and spatial inequalities. The comparative analysis in this study can provide a valuable reference for choosing weighting methods in spatial multicriteria applications.

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2.
扈震  王勇 《地球科学》2006,31(5):699-703
城市规划管理工作越来越复杂, 利用GIS和数据库技术建立空间辅助决策平台来处理规划管理业务显得尤为迫切。介绍了空间决策支持系统(spatial decision support system, SDSS), SDSS是通过空间数据引擎(spatial data engine, SDE) 建立与商用数据库的关系与存储, 其结果体现利用了GIS的VRML和3D技术, 设计出城市规划空间辅助决策软件平台的体系结构和应用模型.文章提出了决策平台核心内容在于建立成熟完备的决策模型库和决策算子的实现过程, 以及计算结果的多样化表达.通过决策软件平台的建立能够为城市规划管理决策提供客观准确的理论依据, 为决策者科学决策奠定基础.   相似文献   

3.
The implementation of a geographic information system (GIS)/fuzzy spatial decision support system in the selection of sites for drinking-water pumping boreholes is described. Groundwater is the main source of domestic supply and irrigation in Korinthia prefecture, south-eastern Greece. Water demand has increased considerably over the last 30 years and is mainly met by groundwater abstracted via numerous wells and boreholes. The definition of the most “suitable” site for the drilling of new boreholes is a major issue in this area. A method of allocating suitable locations has been developed based on multicriteria analysis and fuzzy logic. Twelve parameters were finally involved in the model, prearranged into three categories: borehole yield, groundwater quality, and economic and technical constraints. GIS was used to create a classification map of the research area, based on the suitability of each point for the placement of new borehole fields. The coastal part of the study area is completely unsuitable, whereas high values of suitability are recorded in the south-western part. The study demonstrated that the method of multicriteria analysis in combination with fuzzy logic is a useful tool for selecting the best sites for new borehole drilling on a regional scale. The results could be used by local authorities and decision-makers for integrated groundwater resources management.  相似文献   

4.
Preliminary flood risk assessment: the case of Athens   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
Flood mapping, especially in urban areas, is a demanding task requiring substantial (and usually unavailable) data. However, with the recent introduction of the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), the need for reliable, but cost effective, risk mapping at the regional scale is rising in the policy agenda. Methods are therefore required to allow for efficiently undertaking what the Directive terms “preliminary flood risk assessment,” in other words a screening of areas that could potentially be at risk of flooding and that consequently merit more detailed attention and analysis. Such methods cannot rely on modeling, as this would require more data and effort that is reasonable for this high-level, screening phase. This is especially true in urban areas, where modeling requires knowledge of the detailed urban terrain, the drainage networks, and their interactions. A GIS-based multicriteria flood risk assessment methodology was therefore developed and applied for the mapping of flood risk in urban areas. This approach quantifies the spatial distribution of flood risk and is able to deal with uncertainties in criteria values and to examine their influence on the overall flood risk assessment. It can further assess the spatially variable reliability of the resulting maps on the basis of the choice of method used to develop the maps. The approach is applied to the Greater Athens area and validated for its central and most urban part. A GIS database of economic, social, and environmental criteria contributing to flood risk was created. Three different multicriteria decision rules (Analytical Hierarchy Process, Weighted Linear Combination and Ordered Weighting Averaging) were applied, to produce the overall flood risk map of the area. To implement this methodology, the IDRISI Andes GIS software was customized and used. It is concluded that the results of the analysis are a reasonable representation of actual flood risk, on the basis of their comparison with historical flood events.  相似文献   

5.
One of the major strengths of a GIS is the ability to integrate and combine multiple layers of geoscience data for producing mineral potential maps showing favorable areas for mineral exploration. Once the data is prepared properly, the GIS, jointly with other statistical and geostatistical software packages, can be used to manipulate and visualize the data in order to produce a mineral prospectivity map. Many spatial modeling techniques can be employed to produce mineral potential maps. This paper demonstrates a technique to define favorable areas for REE mineralization with AHP technique using geological, geochemical, geophysical, alteration and faults density spatial data in the Kerman-Kashmar Tectonic Zone of central Iran. The AHP is a powerful and flexible multi-criteria decision-making tool for dealing with complex problems where both qualitative and quantitative aspects need to be considered. This approach is knowledgedriven method and can be applied in other areas for conventional use in mineral exploration.  相似文献   

6.
The weighted sum already incorporated into a geographical information system (GIS) makes it possible to identify the best lands useful for sustainable agriculture. However, it does not allow for the inclusion of the decision makers’ preferences so that a choice can be made when there are conflicts between decision makers. Because of their spatial aggregation functions, multicriteria decision analysis methods can facilitate decision making in situations where several solutions are available, various criteria have to be taken into account, and decision makers disagree about one point or another. Combinations between ArcGIS and multicriteria analysis methods in this case Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realité (ELECTRE TRI) and a version of the weighted sum method simple additive weighting, applicable to the vector data model, have been established. The parameters and the classification system of Food and Agriculture Organization are used in this work. This approach has been tested on the area of Mleta in Algeria. Land suitability maps for durum wheat have been produced. Through the comparison between results obtained by these two methods and those available in a classical method, based on manual overlay procedures, it appears that optimistic procedure of the ELECTRE TRI method is better suited to the problem of land suitability for agriculture.  相似文献   

7.
Information and communication technology, which has been incorporated and provided in the Geographic Information System (GIS), is valuable and effective geospatial information for the decision makers in improving their decisions in planning and development. The integration of this GIS using the multicriteria decision analysis approach provides an environment to the decision makers in citing areas using land suitability analysis procedures. This review paper particularly examines the GIS-based analytic hierarchy process as a multicriteria analysis/evaluation technique in land suitability analysis by means of literature reviews and surveys.  相似文献   

8.
In this paper we develop a GIS-based multicriteria flood risk assessment and mapping approach. This approach includes flood risks which are not measured in monetary terms; it shows the spatial distribution of multiple risks, and it is able to deal with uncertainties in criteria values and to show their influence on the overall flood risk assessment. Additionally, the approach can be used to show the spatial allocation of the flood effects if risk reduction measures are implemented. The approach is applied to a pilot study for the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany, heavily affected by the hazardous flood in 2002. Therefore, a GIS database of economic, social and environmental risk criteria was created. Two different multicriteria decision rules, a disjunctive and an additive weighting approach, are utilised for an overall flood risk assessment in the area. For implementation, a software tool (FloodCalc) was developed supporting both, the risk calculation of the single criteria as well as the multicriteria analysis.
Volker MeyerEmail:
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9.
The need for a sustainable approach in tourism development is very often addressed among the academia, the authorities and the stakeholders, as well as the apparent need for tools, which will guide the decision environment in evaluation and planning. This research aims to identify conservation and compatible areas for tourism development in Johor Ramsar sites, using spatial modeling in geographic information system (GIS). The study describes a methodological approach based on the integrated use of GIS and multi criteria decision evaluation (MCE) to identify nature conservation and development priorities among the wetland areas. A set of criteria was defined to evaluate wetland biodiversity conservation and development. Having defined the criteria, the next step was selecting suitable indicators and variables to measure the selected criteria. Subsequently the criteria were evaluated from conservation and tourism development point of view. These criteria were then weighted using the pair wise comparison technique of MCE and the results were integrated into GIS. Several conservation scenarios were generated so as to simulate different evaluation perspectives. The scenarios were then compared to highlight the most feasible and to propose a conservation and development strategy for the wetland areas. The generation and comparison of conservation and development scenarios highlighted the critical issues of the decision problem. This study represents an important contribution to effective decision-making because it allows one to gradually narrow down a problem.  相似文献   

10.

Disaster mitigation as a pre-disaster measure within the scope of disaster risk management is significant in the sense of reducing the adverse effects of earthquakes in the context of earthquake-sensitive risk planning. In the urban planning context, the existence of numerous decision makers and alternatives, which are depending on many criteria, makes decision-making process difficult. This difficulty was overcomed through geographical information systems (GIS). In the context of GIS-based multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis, we used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to determine earthquake-risky areas in Yalova City Center. First, AHP analysis related to geological and superstructure/infrastructure criteria was conducted and two separate AHP maps were obtained. Then, we conducted TOPSIS analysis to consider both criteria in the sense of earthquake risk-sensitive planning. Then, overall earthquake risk map obtained which could be used as an input for disaster mitigation processes.

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11.
GIS是获取、检索、分析、处理空间数据的数据库管理系统，是研究空间对象的有力工具，本文利用GIS软件Arc/Info为基本工具，以遥感数据作为获取，更新数据库数据的重要信息源，结合前人的地学资料，建立了湖北省区域稳定性评价空间数据库，阐述了该空间数据库的内容，功能，应用和意义。  相似文献   

12.
地质矿产预测信息化相关问题的探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
在矿产资源决策分析领域,GIS不仅提供了在计算机辅助下对多源地学信息进行集成管理的能力、灵活的查询检索能力,而且可在经验与模型的指导下,通过各种空间分析方法对与成矿有关的各种空间信息进行综合分析解释,确定成矿的有利地区.文章探讨了有关地质矿产预测信息化若干问题,包括元数据概念及其重要性、地质科学的数字化、定量化、模型化,地质科学领域的数据特点,综合信息矿产资源预测中的数据分析方法.  相似文献   

13.
Due to the existence of fragile karst geo-ecological environments, such as environments with extremely poor soil cover, low soil-forming velocity, and fragmentized terrain and physiognomy, as well as inappropriate and intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of southwestern China; evaluation of soil loss and spatial distribution for conservation planning is urgently needed. This study integrated the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) with a GIS to assess soil loss and identify risk erosion areas in the Maotiao River watershed of Guizhou. Current land use/cover and management practices were evaluated to determine their effects on average annual soil loss and future soil conservation practices were discussed. Data used to generate the RUSLE factors included a Landsat Thematic Mapper image (land cover), digitized topographic and soil maps, and precipitation data. The results of the study compare well with the other studies and local data, and provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take appropriate land management measures in the area. It thus indicates the RUSLE–GIS model is a useful tool for evaluating and mapping soil erosion quantitatively and spatially at a larger watershed scale in Guizhou.  相似文献   

14.
无缝空间数据中心概念模型及其技术体系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
周顺平  胡茂胜  方芳 《地球科学》2010,35(3):345-350
随着空间数据中心技术在国土资源等领域地逐渐成熟,开拓出一套具有自身特色的空间数据集成管理与开发利用模式,是一种新型的分布式地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)应用模型.然而,空间数据集成与整合利用、增量更新问题以及不同厂家的功能共享与合作开发仍然是亟待解决的问题.在空间数据中心技术的基础上,引入分布式异构空间数据无缝集成技术,建立了数据无缝、功能无缝和应用无缝3个层次的无缝空间数据中心概念模型,并讨论了其技术体系.   相似文献   

15.
Groundwater is the most prioritized water source in India and plays an indispensable role in India's economy. The groundwater potential mapping is key to the sustainable groundwater development and management. A hybrid methodology is applied to delineate potential groundwater zones based on remote sensing, geographical information systems(GIS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) as on multicriteria decision making. For the purpose of demonstrating field application, Chittar watershed, Tamilnadu, India is studied as an example. The important morphological characteristics considered in the study are lithology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and Soil Conservation Service–Curve Number(SCS-CN). These six thematic layers are generated in a GIS platform. Based on intersecting the layers, AHP method, the values for adopting the pairwise comparison normalized weight and normalized subclasses weightage were given. The normalized subclass weightage is input into each layer subclass. Then, weighted linear combination method is used to add the data layers in GIS platform to generate groundwater potential Index(GWPI) map. The GWPI map is validated based on the net recharge computed from the differences of measured groundwater levels between the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon in the year 2018. The kappa statistics are used to measure level spatial consistency between the GWPI and net recharge map. The overall average spatial matching accuracy between the two data sets is 0.86, while the kappa coefficient for GWPI with net recharge, 0.78. The results show that in Chittar watershed about 870 km~2 area is divided into high potential zone(i.e. sum of very high and high potential zone), 667 km~2 area, as the moderate one and the rest 105 km~2 area, as the poor zone(i.e. sum of very poor and poor potential zone).  相似文献   

16.
重量版青藏铁路数字路基仿真平台设计与开发   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
在青藏铁路建设和科研活动过程中对空间数据的管理、分析和使用,以及设计方案仿真评估、决策支持等方面有较高的要求,青藏铁路数字路基仿真平台轻量版系统无法满足需求.重量版系统着重于提供对分布式应用和充分的空间分析、仿真,以及空间决策支持功能的支持,系统建设以GIS技术为核心,结合遥感、全球定位系统(GPS)、虚拟现实和空间数据库等技术,在Microsoft.Net平台上开发而成.该系统不但能够对青藏铁路工程实验数据、观测数据以及各种专题数据和DEM数据等进行管理和维护,而且能够进行多时相、多维空间分析和表达,形成以基础地理数据为依托的数字路基仿真平台.  相似文献   

17.
Niksar (Tokat) is an urban area located in a seismically active zone of Turkey. The aim of this study is to prepare a GIS-based microzonation map of the Niksar settlement area for the purpose of urban planning. Liquefaction, activity, slope, aspect, fault proximity, ground amplification, and lithology are considered during the overlay analysis, using a multicriteria decision-making analysis of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and simple additive weighing (SAW) methods. Based on the resulting evaluations, the study area is divided into four different zones, namely (1) areas suitable for settlement, (2) provisional settlement areas, (3) areas requiring detailed geotechnical investigation, and (4) unsuitable areas. Maps prepared by the SAW and AHP methods are found to be consistent with each other. However, the microzonation map prepared by the AHP method is recommended for the purpose of urban planning because it is able to check its own consistency.  相似文献   

18.
Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping is a relatively new scientific approach for facilitating planning and decision making processes in order to protect this valuable resource. Pan European methodology for aquifers vulnerability has recently been developed by assessing all the existing relevant techniques and emphasizing on karstic environments. In the particular study, state-of-the-art methods and tools have been implemented such as remote sensing, isotopic investigations and GIS to map the groundwater vulnerability and pollution risk in a geologically complex area of W. Greece. The updated land use map has been developed from a Landsat 7+TM image elaborated with image analysis software, while the detailed hydrogeologic properties of the area have been recorded with an intensive isotopic study. The local groundwater vulnerability map has been produced following the aforementioned Pan European method, in a GIS environment while the risk map, which was the final product of the study, has been developed after combining the vulnerability and the land use maps. The results indicated that the areas comprised of highly tectonized calcareous formations represented high vulnerability and risk zones while forested areas away from the karstic aquifer illustrated moderate to low vulnerability. Moreover, human activities increase the pollution risk in lowland areas consisting of sedimentary deposits that have been classified as moderate vulnerability. The particular methodology operated efficiently in this study and due to its accuracy and relatively easy implementation can be used as a decision support tool for local authorities.  相似文献   

19.
This study aims to use spatial analyses and a geographic information system (GIS) to assess the environmental sensitivity for desertification in the north Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Based on the Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) approach and the characteristics of the study area, a regional model was developed using GIS. Five main indicators of desertification including soil, climate, erosion, plant cover, and management were considered for estimating the environmental sensitivity to desertification. A spatial analyst extension Arc-GIS 10 software was used for matching the thematic layers and assessing the desertification index, of which the map of environmentally sensitive areas of the north Sinai Peninsula is produced. The obtained data reveals that 65 % of north Sinai is characterized by very severe sensitivity to desertification while the low sensitive one exhibits only 1.2 %. The moderately sensitive area occupies approximately 23 % of the study area. ETM+ and SPOT images are recommended to monitor sensitivity. The MEDALUS model was developed under the Egyptians to assess desertification sensitivity.  相似文献   

20.
Panvel Basin of Raigarh district, Maharashtra, India is the study area for groundwater quality mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area is typically covered by Deccan basaltic rock types of Cretaceous to Eocene age. Though the basin receives heavy rainfall, it frequently faces water scarcity problems as well as water quality problems in some specific areas. Hence, a GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out in the region with the help of data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected from the basin. Groundwater samples show quality exceedence in terms of chloride, hardness, TDS and salinity. These parameters indicate the level of quality of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Idrisi 32 GIS software was used for generation of various thematic maps and for spatial analysis and integration to produce the final groundwater quality map. The groundwater quality map shows fragments pictorially representing groundwater zones that are desirable and undesirable for drinking and irrigation purposes.  相似文献   

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