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本文从海南热带作物生物特性、现实生产结构和地区气候条件出发、对热作种植业进行了模湖区域性划分；在计算构成各区产量基本参数的基础上，应用多目标规划方法，建立了热作结构优化的近期分区模型；并通过近期基础模型和对未来参数的预测，建立了远期灰色规划模型。结果表明，近期方案可提高收益5．1－55．7％，远期方案可提高54－90％，远近期方案均取得了明显的经济效果。 相似文献
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Zhong Zhaozhan Zhao Jubao Institute of Agrometeorology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People''s Republic of China 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(4)
Ｉ.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｒｙｌａｎｄｃｏｖｅｒｓｌａｒｇｅａｒｅａｓｉｎｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｗｉｔｈａｂｏｕｔｏｎｅｔｈｉｒｄｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ’ｓｔｏｔａｌｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｓ,ａｍｏｎｇｗｈｉｃｈｒａｉｎｆｅｄｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｉｒｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎｃｏｖｅｒｓ2.3(107ｈｍ2.ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｈｒｅｅｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｄｒｙｆａｒｍｉｎｇａｒｅａｓｉｎｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ[9],ｉ.ｅ.ｓｕｂｈｕｍｉｄａｎｄｓｌｉｇｈｔｄｒｙａｒｅａ(ａｒｉｄｉｔｙ1.31.6,ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒ… 相似文献
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云南澜沧江流域热区资源开发及热作基地建设研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对澜沧江流域热区资源的分析，认为该区种植热带橡胶、香料、咖啡、南药、热果、发展甘蔗、茶叶、建立各种热作基地是开发利用热区资源的主要途径；热作布局应在立体布局和地域布局基础上形成大分散、小集中的专业化布局；热区开发应采取相应的措施和特殊政策。 相似文献
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Climatological characteristics of the tropics in China： climate classification schemes between German scientists and Huang Bingwei 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ManfredDomroes 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(3):271-285
Reviewing some important German scientists who have developed climatic regionalization schemes either on a global or Chinese scale, their various definitions of the tropical climate characteristics in China are discussed and compared with Huang Bingwei‘s climate classification scheme and the identification of the tropical climate therein. It can be seen that, due to different methodological approaches of the climatic regionalization schemes, the definitions of the tropics vary and hence also their spatial distribution in China. However, it is found that the tropical climate type occupies only a peripheral part of southern China, though it firmly represents a distinctive type of climate that is subsequently associated with a great economic importance for China. As such, the tropical climate type was mostly identified with its agro-climatological significance, that is by giving favourable growing conditions all-year round for perennial crops with a great heat demand. Tropical climate is, hence, conventionally regarded to be governed by all-year round summer conditions “where winter never comes“. 相似文献
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Manfred Domroes 《地理学报》2003,13(3):271-285
Reviewing some important German scientists who have developed climatic regionalization schemes either on a global or Chinese scale, their various definitions of the tropical climate characteristics in China are discussed and compared with Huang Bingwei's climate classification scheme and the identification of the tropical climate therein. It can be seen that, due to different methodological approaches of the climatic regionalization schemes, the definitions of the tropics vary and hence also their spatial distribution in China. However, it is found that the tropical climate type occupies only a peripheral part of southern China, though it firmly represents a distinctive type of climate that is supsequently associated with a great economic importance for China. As such, the tropical climate type was mostly identified with its agro-climatological significance, that is by giving favourable growing conditions all-year round for perennial crops with a great heat demand. Tropical climate is, hence, conventionally regarded to be governed by all-year round summer conditions "where winter never comes". 相似文献
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本文所拟论述的第二个问题是在发展海南岛农林牧业中存在的主要困难及克服困难的途径。 相似文献
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我国亚热带划分中的一些问题 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
我国的亚热带幅员辽阔、物产丰富、人口密集、地形复杂、气候多样,气候带如何划分是一个重要问题。在区划的原则、等级、指标和界线等问题上,都有不同的看法。作者就这些问题发表了意见,并提出了划分亚热带的具体方案。 相似文献
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Manfred Domroes 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(3)
Reviewing some important German scientists who have developed climatic regionalizationschemes either on a global or Chinese scale, their various definitions of the tropical climatecharacteristics in China are discussed and compared with Huang Bingwei's climate classificationscheme and the identification of the tropical climate therein. It can be seen that, due to differentmethodological approaches of the climatic regionalization schemes, the definitions of the tropics varyand hence also their spatial distribution in China. However, it is found that the tropical climate typeoccupies only a peripheral part of southern China, though it firmly represents a distinctive type ofclimate that is subsequently associated with a great economic importance for China. As such, thetropical climate type was mostly identified with its agro-climatological significance, that is by givingfavourable growing conditions all-year round for perennial crops with a great heat demand. Tropicalclimate is, hence, conventionally regarded to be govemed by all-year round summer conditions "wherewinter never comes". 相似文献
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本文论述了广东冬季气候资源的优势及冬季寒害的两重性，分析了近两年寒害对农业生产的影响，在些基础上，提出了防御寒害的综合对策。 相似文献
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荒漠地区农作物抗盐性能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
盐渍土是荒漠地区的重要问题,它在绿洲农业、畜牧业、交通建设等方面都造成极大的危害.荒漠地区不仅有原生盐渍土,而且有随着荒漠的垦植、不当的灌溉造成的大片的次生盐渍土,仅甘肃而言就有二百多万亩.其中百分之八十分布在河西走廊地区,严重地危害着该地区农业生产的发展和人民生活水平的提高.由于荒漠地区干旱缺水,自然条件恶劣、生态平衡脆弱,在这类地区以水灌冲洗法为主开展治理工作将是不适宜的,而从农田生态学的角度探讨土壤盐分危害作物的机理,因地制宜的选择种植抗盐、耐盐作物,将是荒漠地区开发利用盐渍土的主要途径。本文尝试以张掖、民勤、酒泉等地实验统计的土壤盐分与小麦产量的数据为例,就土壤盐类危害作物的主要因素、单盐因素对作物产量的影响,盐类集合对作物的制约作用等问题进行数量分析,提出了优化利用策略期望有益于耐盐作物的选择和荒漠地区盐渍土的整治利用. 相似文献
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Based on the cost-income data of agricultural products and relevant statistical data, taking major grain crops and economic crops in the process of cultivated land use as study cases, we studied characteristics of the temporal variation of cultivated land use intensity and its composition in Shandong Province from 1980 to 2015, and then analyzed its main driving factors. The results showed that: (1) The total intensity of major crops in Shandong Province showed a rising trend from 919.73 Yuan ha-1 in 1980 to 3285.06 Yuan ha-1 in 2015, and the average annual intensity of economic crops was higher than that of grain crops. The labor cost and material cost of major crops both showed an increasing trend, but the material input was much higher than labor input for grain crops, while the labor input was much higher than material input for economic crops. (2) The labor intensity of major crops in Shandong Province showed a decreasing trend from 501.75 man-day ha-1 in 1980 to 161.93 man-day ha-1 in 2015. The labor intensity of grain crops was lower than that of economic crops and its decline rate was fast. On the contrary, the capital intensity showed an increasing trend from 518.33 Yuan ha-1 in 1980 to 1159.95 Yuan ha-1 in 2015. In the internal composition of capital intensity, the proportion of yield-increasing inputs such as seed, farmyard manure, fertilizer, pesticide and drainage and irrigation decreased gradually, while the proportion of labor-saving inputs such as agricultural machinery increased significantly. (3) The cultivated land use intensity in Shandong Province had significant negative correlations with the amount of agricultural labor and cultivated land area per capita. The primary direct driving factor was the net income per unit cost of major crops, but the time response lagged by 1-3 years. The main indirect driving factor was the reform of agricultural policy. 相似文献
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Mark Woodall Robert G. Cromley R. Keith Semple Milford B. Green 《The Professional geographer》1980,32(4):412-420
Recent federal court decisions have emphasized the need to eliminate schools whose racial composition varies from that of the whole district by more than a fixed percent. A linear programming model is presented to assist school administrators in developing desegregation plans that comply with these guidelines. An efficient solutional technique that exploits the special structure of this model increases problem-size capabilities. A study of the Columbus City School District examines the tradeoffs involved at different levels of desegregation. 相似文献
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用主分量方法分析广东春季低温阴雨年景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用主分量方法对广东47站1954～1991年2～3月平均温度和广东2～3月间低温阴雨出现年景进行统计分析，根据主分量原理，计算该时期温度的时空分布特征，直接评价低温阴雨出现年景：①广东2～3月温度时空分布极为集中，第1主分量已占埸的总方差的95．1％；③用前4个主分量及其对应的特征向量配合划分温度分布类型；③广东2～3月温度分布主要由2个类型控制，即全省一致的偏低（或高）分布和南暖北冷或南冷北暧分布．由主分量极大值（正）和极小值（负）表明：1957、1968、1969年为全省性温度偏低年，1973和1987年为全省性温度偏高年。这些年份恰好对应广东2～3月低温阴雨严重和轻微（或无）的年份。 相似文献
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基于中国绿洲喜温作物分布区67个地面气象站1960—2016年逐日平均气温数据,运用线性趋势法、反距离加权（IDW）、Morlet小波分析法、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析了中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期生长初、终日及生长期的时空变化对全球变暖停滞（globe warming hiatus）的响应。结果表明：1998—2012年中国绿洲喜温作物气候生长期生长初、终日及生长期变化倾向率分别为：-2.15 d·（10 a）–1、2.76 d·（10 a）–1、4.91 d·（10 a）–1,与1960—2016年和1960—1998年相比呈现出初日提前、终日推迟、生长期延长的态势,没有出现对全球变暖停滞的响应;空间变化方面,仅有超过22%的站点有对全球变暖停滞的响应,整体响应不显著;但各绿洲对全球变暖停滞的响应却不尽相同,柴达木绿洲喜温作物气候生长期对全球变暖停滞的响应最为显著,其余绿洲则反之,也反映了青藏高原是气候变化的驱动器与放大镜。突变分析显示,研究区喜温作物生长初日、终日及生长期分别在2008年、2001年、2006年发生突变,突变年份多集中于变暖停滞期,之后的变化趋势显示对全球变暖停滞没有响应。Morlet小波分析表明其周期存在2.4~3.8 a的优势短周期,与2~4 a大气环流和厄尔尼诺事件2~7 a的周期相吻合,表明喜温作物气候生长期主要受大气环流与厄尔尼诺活动的影响。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):412-415
Recent federal court decisions have emphasized the need to eliminate schools whose racial composition varies from that of the whole district by more than a fixed percent. A linear programming model is presented to assist school administrators in developing desegregation plans that comply with these guidelines. An efficient solutional technique that exploits the special structure of this model increases problem-size capabilities. A study of the Columbus City School District examines the tradeoffs involved at different levels of desegregation. 相似文献
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The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country’s large population and improved diets.The crop production guide ’Take Grain as the Key Link’ prompted peasants to plant grain on most of the agricultural land,leading to the majority of fertilizer being used in grain crops for many years in China.This situation has changed dramatically in recent years.Based on data pertaining to provincial crops sown area and fertilizer use per unit area in 1998 and 2008,the temporal and spatial variations of China’s fertilizer consumption by crops were analyzed at the provincial level,and the results are presented here.(1) Fertilizer consumption in China grew strongly in the last decade,while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of fertilizer con-sumption by horticultural crops.The fertilizer consumption of grain crops dropped from 71.0% in 1998 to 57.8% in 2008.Thus,it is concluded that the emphasis of fertilizer consumption is shifting toward horticultural crops.(2) There were marked differences in the growth rates of fertilizer consumption from the regional point of view.The national average growth rate of fertilizer consumption was 31.9% during 1998-2008.The western and northeastern parts of the country came close to the national average,while the eastern part was lower,with an average of 13.0%,and central China was much higher(50.8%).The increase of fertilizer consumption in central and west China was higher than the other zones,which already ac-counted for 77.9% of the national total.Thus,it is concluded that the consumption emphasis of chemical fertilizer shifts toward the central and western regions.(3) The decline of fertilizer consumption by grain crops was largely due to the decrease in sown area compared with the increase by vegetable crops attributable to the enlarging sown area;the increase by orchard crops was affected by both expanding the sown area and fertilizer use per unit area. 相似文献