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1.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(8):472-482
Abstract The traditional Hausa city of Maradi, located in the south-central borderlands of Niger, rose to prominence during the 19th Century as a center of Hausa opposition to the Fulani-controlled Hausa state of Katsina. The intrusion of French influence during the 20th Century brought about a change in the situation and function of Maradi by creating a market and making it a node of transportation networks within the developing colonial economy. Following a major flood in 1945, the French relocated the city on higher ground and changed not only the site but the form and internal structure of the city. European urban planning with symmetrical street patterns and designated functional areas were imposed upon the Hausa landscape although traditional Hausa architecture was retained in the residential area. Today Maradi is the third largest city in Niger and has established its primacy within the south-central borderlands by the role and function it plays within the development of Niger. The city is an important market center with an extensive tributary area; it functions as a node for importing and exporting, a vital role for landlocked Niger, and it is centrally located within the economic core of Niger. 相似文献
2.
This paper joins literature on suburban advertising with Lefebvre's concept of representational space to analyse property advertisements as part of the representational production of suburban space. Based on comparative analysis of advertising material for suburban residential developments on Auckland's “North Shore” in two time‐periods—1950s and 2010s—the paper examines changes and continuities in thematic content. While property advertisements in the mid‐1900s emphasised the “functional suburb,” paying attention to attributes such as quality of utilities and proximity to the central city, more recently advertisements have more strongly emphasised the “lifestyle suburb,” with a focus on middle‐class community and natural amenity. 相似文献
3.
Insights into the “tectonic topography” of the present-day landscape of the central Iberian Peninsula (Spain) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Rosa Tejero Jos Manuel Gonzlez-Casado David Gmez-Ortiz Fernando Snchez-Serrano 《Geomorphology》2006,76(3-4):280-294
The landscape of today's central Iberian Peninsula has been shaped by ongoing tectonic activity since the Tertiary. This landscape comprises a mountain ridge trending E–W to NW–SE, the Central System, separating two regions of smooth topography: the basins of the rivers Duero and Tajo. In this study, we explore interrelationships between topography and tectonics in the central Iberian Peninsula. Regional landscape features were analysed using a digital elevation model (DEM). Slope gradients and slope orientations derived from the DEM were combined to describe topographic surface roughness. Topography trend-surfaces inferred from harmonic analysis were used to define regional topographic features. Low roughness emphasizes the smooth nature of the basins' topography, where surfaces of homogeneous slope gradient and orientation dominate. High roughness was associated with abrupt changes in gradient and slope orientation such as those affecting crests, valley bottoms and scarp edges present in the mountain chain and in some deep incised valleys in the basins. One of the applications of roughness mapping was its capacity to isolate incised valley segments. The area distribution of incised rivers shows their prevalence in the east. On a regional scale, the topographic surface can be described as a train of NE–SW undulations or waves of 20 km wavelength. These undulations undergo changes in direction and interruptions limited by N–S-trending breaks. E–W and NE–SW troughs and ridges clearly mark structural uplifts and depressions within the Central System. These structures are transverse to the compressive NW–SE stress field that controlled the deformation of the central Iberian Peninsula from the Neogene to the present. They represent the upper crustal folding that accommodates Alpine shortening. N–S breaks coincide with Late Miocene faults that control the basins' sedimentation. Further, associated palaeoseismic structures suggest the recent tectonic activity of N–S faults in the eastern part of the Tajo Basin. Apatite fission track analysis data for this area suggest the occurrence of a significant uplift episode from 7 to 10 Ma which induced the river incisions appearing in the roughness map. N–S and NE–SW faults could be seismogenic sources for the current moderate to low seismic activity of the east Tajo Basin and southeast Central System. Although N–S fault activity has already been established, we propose its significant contribution to shaping the landscape. 相似文献
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5.
伪满时期长春城市社会空间结构研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
遵循长春城市空间发展变化过程,揭示了伪满之前长春社会空间结构演化特征,发现至伪满成立前,长春已经形成了“中-俄-日”三极分化的社会空间结构。伪满成立后,在“国都”城市性质、“消费”经济功能、城市空间扩张、外来移民流入等背景下,长春城市社会空间开始呈现出“中日分化”的总体格局,城市中轴线成为这一格局的空间标识。总体来看,伪满时期长春社会空间已分化为伪满高级官署区、日本人居住区、民族商业区和中国贫困农民居住区等社会区类型,空间结构模型呈现出围绕城市中心形成的同心圆与扇形结构和城市边缘“孤岛”相结合的形态模式。城市空间发展的历史基础,人口城市化的畸形发展,城市建设的殖民地本质以及“新京”城市规划等是伪满时期长春社会空间结构形成的主要机制。 相似文献
6.
Sandra J. Schmidt 《The Journal of geography》2017,116(3):99-108
By focusing on critical geographies, landscape, and spatial literacy, this article evaluates a semester-long spatial justice project conducted in a preservice teacher education program. The analysis recognizes the limitations of reading the products literally as a means of comprehending spatial representation. It expands the analysis by hacking the products and producing new landscapes to read against or up against the products as sociospatial texts. It considers the deployment of landscape concepts—borders, the representation of tension, and the gaze and subjectivity of the reader-authors—as central elements of spatial literacy that is of consequence. 相似文献
7.
肖胜和 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(6):118-121,135
在中国目前乡村旅游规划中,比较注重乡村旅游产品和市场开发,对乡村景观关注不够.论文探讨了乡村旅游吸引力与乡村景观的关系,并指出经过科学规划的乡村旅游的发展又能促进乡村景观的改善.并以杭州富阳市白鹤村为例,总结了可从乡村景观意象规划、乡村景观整体格局规划、乡村建筑风格规划、乡村景观保护规划等方面入手改善乡村旅游景观环境,指出了乡村景观改造须注意的6个要点. 相似文献
8.
区域的中心—腹地关系一直是区域与城市发展领域关注的经典内容。全球化和信息化的推进产生了“流空间”和“中心流理论”,为现代城市间关系的研究提供了理论支撑,企业联系流反映的城市间关系受到学者的广泛关注,但多数研究聚焦在“整体空间”的城市网络特征表述,少有从特定问题出发,在更广阔的“非本地”范围研究中心城市与腹地的关系。论文基于1990—2018年县域尺度的企业流数据,研究北京与河北(本地)和京津冀区域外(非本地)的企业联系的时空格局和影响因素,从企业联系视角为北京与河北的经济落差提供解释,主要结论如下： ① 1990—2018年北京的本地性企业联系较弱,企业联系较强的县市主要集中在非本地,尤其是长三角等地区,非本地联系是北京企业联系的主要形式。从投资金额来看,北京与本地联系最强的行业为制造业,与非本地(主要是长三角)联系最强的行业为租赁和商务服务业;从建立分支数来看,北京与本地和非本地联系最强的行业都为金融业。② 北京的本地企业联系主要受本地的经营环境(金融环境、政府干预、政策环境)和区位条件(地理邻近)的影响,非本地企业联系主要受关键资源(政治资源、科技投入)、经营环境(经济开放)和市场潜力(消费水平)的影响。河北综合承载力较弱、与首都产业链不协调和不匹配等问题给北京与之建立本地联系上带来了一定的阻力,使北京倾向于与具有更优越市场潜力和经营环境的城市建立跨区域的非本地联系。 相似文献
9.
DEBORAH E. POPPER 《Geographical review》2006,96(1):24-49
ABSTRACT. Pogroms in the Russian Pale in 1881 set off a wave of immigration of Russian Jews to the United States. Most went to the cities, but an important group, with the support of philanthropic organizations, became part of an experiment in Jewish agricultural colonies. South Jersey's Alliance and Woodbine were the most successful. Both were established on undeveloped land, and the landscape that emerged suggests the importance the funders placed on using landscape as a means of Americanization. 相似文献
10.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):144-164
This paper gathers potent visual images of one city, Los Angeles (L.A.), by examining three contemporary films— L.A. Story (1991), Boyz N the Hood (1991), and Grand Canyon (1991). It argues that popular culture, and in particular popular film, is an integral part of the portrayal of the cultural landscape. This paper primarily uses the assorted visual images of the urban landscape in considering how this one city has been recently depicted. The three films reveal a city shaped by rapid changes in urban America, depicting Los Angeles as an urban area composed of a fragmented landscape divided into many geographies: L.A. as a realm of simulations and void of consequences; L.A. as a city under siege, a place of epidemic violence and fear; L.A. as a place obsessed with security and control; L.A. as an increasingly ambiguous and chaotic place. Far from concluding that cities have become so fragmented that they are ageographic, these films reveal various geographies that are rooted in economic, political, and cultural contexts. Attention to the “restlessness” of cities and the postmodern focus on the instability and chaotic nature of urban experience actually challenge geographers to uncover the multitude of geographies of place. Interpreting the many geographies of Los Angeles shows that film can reveal a uniquely visual catalog of human experience of place, supplementing the ways in which we decipher place image and representation. This paper suggests that film is one way by which previously marginalized groups, such as blacks, can disseminate ideas from the margins and provide alternative experiencesof place. Geographers should add film to the cache of qualitative data that constructs an urban experience through images and representation, widening the discussion of what is place 相似文献
11.
中国生产性服务业市场潜能与空间分布——基于面板工具模型的实证研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用2003~2012年全国285个地级及以上城市面板数据,研究了中国生产性服务业及其市场潜能的空间分布特征,并基于面板工具计量模型,实证检验了生产性服务业市场潜能对其空间分布的影响。主要结论是：① 生产性服务业主要集中在区域中心城市,且中心城市与非中心城市生产性服务业发展差距日益加大;生产性服务业市场潜能主要集中在东部沿海地区,从动态上东部地区与中西部地区生产性服务业市场潜能差距在逐渐减小;② 生产性服务业市场潜能对生产性服务业空间分布具有显著影响。分行业看,市场潜能仅对金融服务业和科技服务业的空间分布影响不显著,对商务服务业的空间分布影响最大;③ 市场潜能有效地带动了区域中心城市生产性服务业的发展,但对非中心城市生产性服务业的带动作用不明显,市场潜能没能有效地转化为真实需求。基于此,建议中国未来应提高非中心城市生产性服务业的市场潜能,带动其生产性服务业的发展,尤其是提高非中心城市的本地化专业服务水平,以满足非中心城市工业转型升级过程中受距离限制不能从中心城市获得的专业化生产服务。 相似文献
12.
The Landsat images of the 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2018 are selected as the data source to retrieve land cover and surface temperature data. The contribution of Sink-Source landscape pattern to the heat island and its ecological effects on urban and rural gradient were analyzed by using Heat Index (HI), Sink and Source Landscape Contribution (CIsink, CIsource) and Landscape Effect Index (LI) in Haikou. The results show that the heat island is concentrated on the West Coast, and in the central urban and Jiangdong New Area; the HI shows a pattern of decreasing value with the following land types: “Bare land>Artificial surface﹥Source landscape>Shrub grassland>Farmland>Sink landscape>Woodland>Water body”. In the central city section, the CIsink and CIsource are relatively large in these five periods. The LI decreases rapidly along the urban-rural gradient, promoting the Urban Heat Island (UHI) to a large degree. In contrast, the suburban area contributes to a lesser degree. Overall, the LI fluctuates, the proportion of mitigating UHI is large, and there is a second peak outside the city center. The existing Source-Sink Landscape contributes the most to UHI in the central urban area, and this contribution decreases along the urban-rural gradient. With the continuous expansion of city-town areas, the proportion of Sink areas has increased along the gradient, and the proportion of Source areas has subsequently declined, resulting in the spatial transfer and diffusion of UHI. Therefore, a UHI mitigation strategy based on the theory of regional landscape systems is proposed here. 相似文献
13.
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):815-837
A comparison of the British and Dutch experience in the 20th century makes it possible to deepen our understanding of colonial urban housing policy, and hence of the colonial city in general. Both colonial powers expressed new concern about urban living conditions at the time when they began to promote colonial development. In the British case this began in the 1930s, largely in response to local unrest and partly because of international pressure. By the 1950s, British colonial governments used housing programs to placate nationalists and to help prepare colonial societies for self-rule. The Dutch undertook similar initiatives earlier, after 1901, by forming municipal governments, improving services in autonomous native settlements, and by bringing these kampongs under municipal control. Their initiatives were more a response to domestic considerations than to colonial unrest. The Dutch incurred expenditures beyond what Indonesians could afford, but were less active than the British in house-building. Their efforts flagged as nationalist sentiment grew. Neither colonial power responded directly to poor urban conditions. Although the colonial city might have existed, it did not shape colonial urban policy in a predictable way. 相似文献
14.
以长沙市为例,建立由20 367个建筑体块以及水体、地形、道路等要素构成的城市三维模型,通过建设、环境、交通、服务、景观5个方面的20个指标的计算,对全市1 860个居住区的空间宜居程度进行综合分析。结果表明：长沙市居住区的空间宜居程度存在显著的空间差异,呈现出“西高东低”“一走廊三高地三低地”的空间特征。湘江沿岸“走廊”以及梅溪湖、松雅湖、洋湖周边区域“三高地”的空间宜居程度较高,中心城区则存在空间宜居程度最低的“三低地”。城市综合宜居程度与景观类指标、环境类指标呈空间正相关,建设类指标呈现“中心低、边缘高”现象,而交通类、服务类指标呈现“中心高、边缘低”现象。产生上述特征的主要原因在于：城市扩张与居住区建设速度过快,居住区对景观资源依赖性强,老旧小区搬迁改造推进缓慢,新建城区配套服务不足。应该从控制城市周边居住区的新建、推动旧城改造、加强景观营造、完善配套服务等方面进一步优化。 相似文献
15.
Jacob C. Miller 《Urban geography》2013,34(6):843-863
Abstract The paper is about the political life of a building: the Abasto. Located in what was called the “most porteño” neighborhood in the first part of the 20th century (“porteño” is someone from central Buenos Aires) when it functioned as the city's main food market, the Abasto became a massive shopping mall in 1998 amid rapid neoliberal restructuring. This paper charts the political life of this building in two steps. First, by drawing on theories of socio-spatial dialectics, this paper charts the history of the Abasto as an urban object in a wider political landscape of porteño modernity. Second, by incorporating recent theories of affect and presenting findings from field work carried out at the mall in 2010 and 2011, this paper develops a framework for understanding the politics of consumption in a “post-neoliberal” urban landscape. 相似文献
16.
INES M. MIYARES 《Geographical review》2008,98(4):513-531
ABSTRACT. Detached from the mainland and with a distinct historical ethnic geography, the conquered kingdom of Hawai'i, now the fiftieth state, is the only U.S. state with an Asian and Pacific Islander majority as well as the highest percentage of racial and ethnic intermarriage. Hawai'i's population reflects the tensions between the culturally pluralistic “spirit of aloha” and the ethnic‐cum‐social stratification that has evolved from its historical economic geographies. In this article I focus on one of these strata—what is referred to as “local” culture—discussing its ethnogenesis and contemporary manifestations, and I apply Jonathan Okamura's 1981 model of situational ethnicity to examine how locals and new immigrants negotiate the ethnic dynamics and social expectations of their daily lives. I also discuss various ways in which “localness” is represented on O'ahu's economic landscape, with an analysis of the Aloha Stadium Swap Meet, as a holistic expression of local culture. 相似文献
17.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):29-36
Abstract The American city is almost universally described as being made up of a series of zones decreasing in age and density outward from the center. The most popular model for generalizing about the structure and organization of the American city remains the concentric zone model in which the nature of each ring is more specifically denned. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some reasons for the “popularly perceived zonation” of the American city as opposed to, say, the European city, through a study of cultural attitudes toward the architectural environment. More specifically, the urban housetype and attitudes toward the urban housetype are used to illustrate the concentric zone model and to shed some light on such “zonal” concepts as the “inner city” and “suburban ring.” In addition, the increasingly negative attitude of Americans toward central cities is explored and related to some major urban problems and American landscape tastes. It is hoped that students will be encouraged to discuss aspects of the “alternate future” presented for the American urban landscape. 相似文献
18.
以城市中心变迁和阶层居住分化为研究视角,探究了非洲近代、现代2个时期的城市二元社会空间结构特征与模式。结果表明：不同时期,非洲城市内部的二元社会空间结构存在显著差异。随着欧洲殖民进程的结束,社会空间结构从旧二元向新二元转变。近代时期,非洲城市空间形态表现出典型的双城模式,殖民者与本地人的居住空间被严格区分;现代时期,非洲城市表现出新旧中心并存模式,中上阶层与贫民居住空间存在明显分异。政治、经济、人口与社会等因素是城市二元社会空间结构形成的重要驱动力。最后,为促进非洲城市社会空间的可持续发展提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
Kendra McSweeney 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(2):158-174
How researchers describe groups living within or near the world's tropical rain forests has important implications for how and why these groups are targeted for assistance by conservation and development organizations. This article explores how data about market behavior can be used to assess one aspect of forest peoples’ livelihoods: their “dependence” on forest resources as a source of market income. With the intent of revealing the importance of methodology to how we describe forest peoples’ livelihoods, I draw from a multiyear survey of market activity among the Tawahka Sumu of Honduras and distinguish nested measures of the Tawahkas’ engagement in forest‐product sale. Results indicate that whether or not the Tawahka —or any forest group — can be considered financially “dependent” on forest resources depends on the spatial and temporal scales at which data are aggregated. As a group, the Tawahka earned 18 percent of total market income from forest‐product sale, but their group profile masked a high degree of heterogeneity at the village and household level. Similarly, multiyear data indicated that while group‐level generalizations adhere from year to year, they belie considerable change in households’ market behavior across years. I discuss three ways in which the findings are relevant to the theory and practice of conservation and development in the humid tropics. I emphasize the importance of spatial scale in interventions, how market‐oriented conservation schemes can benefit from a broader conceptualization of the economic context in which forest‐product sale occurs, and how longitudinal analysis can reveal the dynamism of forest peoples’ livelihoods. 相似文献
20.
Relationships of Louisiana Colonial Land Claims with Potential Natural Vegetation and Historic Standing Structures: A GIS Approach* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peter B. Mires 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(3):342-350
Louisiana's French, Spanish, and British colonial administrations left a vivid imprint on the landscape in the form of unique cadastral survey systems. The collective distribution of these colonial land claims presents a picture of the colonial occupation of the state. Settlement shows up clearly along the waterways of the bayou state. Equally significant are the areas devoid of land claims. This paper discusses the compilation of the colonial Louisiana land claims map and demonstrates its utility to GIS-based historical geography and historic preservation. By merging this map with other digitized datasets such as potential natural vegetation and historic structures, the seemingly chaotic 18th century occupance of an extremely heterogeneous physical environment becomes patterned, and prior assumptions about the colonial settlement process may be tested with greater precision. 相似文献