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1.
MARCIA YONEMOTO 《Geographical review》1999,89(2):169-187
ABSTRACT. This article examines the ways in which oceans were depicted in Japanese geographical writings and maps from the Tokugawa period. It uses these texts to understand how early modern Japanese visions of the Pacific and of maritime Asian waters constructed epistemological frameworks through which the Japanese saw their place in an increasingly complex web of regional and global connections. In the absence of actual adventure on the “high seas,” Japanese writers, artists, and mapmakers used the inventive power of the imagination to fill in the cognitive blank of ocean space. I argue that the definition of early modern oceanic space was profoundly ambiguous, a legacy that, it can be argued, left its mark on Japan's modern relationship with the Asian Pacific region. 相似文献
2.
中国经济权力空间格局演化研究——基于国家间相互依存的敏感性与脆弱性分析 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
在全球化时代,地缘政治逻辑发生了变化,不对称相互依存替代军事实力成为国家权力的重要来源,在此背景下和平崛起的中国正在以经济实力改写世界政治版图。本文基于国家间相互依存理论,利用双边贸易数据分析中国与世界各国经济相互依存的非对称性,以此构建中国经济权力评价模型,研究中国崛起过程中经济权力的空间演变格局。主要结论为：① 中国对外贸易的地理分布明显呈现由过度集中于东亚、西欧和北美的三极格局向更加均衡格局转变,但全球对华贸易依存度最高的国家依然集中在低纬度的亚非拉地区;② 世界各国对中国的贸易高敏感区呈现出由亚太向非洲、拉美地区推进的趋势,而高脆弱区域则呈现出由点状散布向连片生长转变的趋势;③ 中国经济权力空间已由周边扩展至全球,并向发达世界渗透,而同时期美国经济权力空间却呈现收缩趋势。 相似文献
3.
大国力量均势与东北亚格局 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
冷战后，国际安全格局与世界经济形势发生出深刻变化。雅尔塔体系的瓦解，将东北亚维持了半个多世纪的平衡格局打破，随着21世纪美国全球战略重心由欧洲大西洋岸向西太平洋，东北亚更成为新世纪大国力量角逐，寻求新的平衡的热点区域。我国地处东北亚的腹地，其政治经济格局的演化与调整均对我国政治经济产生重大影响。因而，分析研究东北亚地萄政治经济安全态势，有利于我国在新世纪争取更大的生存发展空间。 相似文献
4.
5.
Further utilization of global agricultural resources and the expansion of potential international cooperation space are necessary measures to promote a new level of China’s national food security and optimize the structure of domestic food consumption. This study measured the global potential cultivated land area and national grain self-sufficiency. Based on the two-above measures, the authors made a classification of China’s foreign agricultural cooperation countries and depicted the spatial pattern of cooperation based on the grain trades of those countries with China. The grain exporters include Australia, North America, South America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia; and the target countries for “going abroad” of Chinese grain enterprises are mainly located in Sub-Saharan Africa and northern Latin America. This study proposes that China’s policy of cooperation on grain should be shifted to non-traditional partners alongside the “Belt and Road Initiative” region. Specifically, China could expand grain imports from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other East European and Central Asian countries, and the direction for China’s agricultural enterprises “going abroad” should shift to Sub-Sahara Africa. 相似文献
6.
From 1992 to 2015, ecological environment has been threatened by the changes of cropland around the world. In order to evaluate the impact of cropland changes on ecosystem, we calculated the response of terrestrial ecosystem service values (TESVs) variation to cropland conversion based on land-use data from European Space Agency (ESA). The results showed that cropland changes were responsible for an absolute loss of $166.82 billion, equivalent to 1.17% of global TESVs in 1992. Among the different regions, the impact of cropland changes on TESVs was significant in South America and Africa but not obvious in Oceania, Asia and Europe. Cropland expansion from tropical forest was the main reason for decreases in TESVs globally, especially in South America, Africa and Asia. The effect of wetland converted to cropland was notable in North America and Europe while grassland converted to cropland played an important role in Oceania, Africa and Asia. In Europe, the force of urban expansion cannot be ignored as well. The conversion of cropland to tropical or temperate forest partly compensated for the loss of TESVs globally, especially in Asia. 相似文献
7.
住宅郊区化背景下门禁社区与周边邻里关系——以广州丽江花园为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
作为"破碎城市"的典型表征,西方学者对门禁社区持负面态度,然而门禁社区在不同区域的出现受制于当地的社会文化要素,并可能对当地产生不同的影响.本文试图探讨在中国特殊的社会文化背景下,门禁社区与周边社会经济地位较低邻里的联系和社会关系,并通过分析门禁社区居民的活动范围和围墙内外居民彼此间的态度和社会交往来探讨门禁社区的影响... 相似文献
8.
Jessie Poon 《Area》2001,33(3):252-260
The renaissance in geographical 'bloc' development in the 1990s has generated expectations that prevailing international regionalism is compatible with the dominant global integration model. Nascent regionalism in the Asia Pacific best captures this trend with regional initiatives being established on the basis of 'open' regionalism as opposed to 'closed' regionalism that is associated potentially with institution building and regional governance. In this paper, I examine the shape and nature of Asia Pacific regionalism. I show how countries here favour a process of regime building that is centred on network building among state and private actors without any goal towards institution building. Asia Pacific regionalism is less concerned with the production and governance of regional space than the assertion of a collective Asian political culture that preserves state sovereignty. 相似文献
9.
Matthew Sparke 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(3):373-389
In this paper, I examine the ways in which widely reproduced discourses and theories about globalisation elide American dominance. Drawing on arguments about enframing made by Timothy Mitchell in his postcolonial analysis of Egypt's colonisation, I suggest that one significant cause of this elision relates to a commonplace imagined geography of globalisation that enframes economic interdependency as constitutive of a smooth, decentred and somehow levelled global space of flows. I argue that this imagined geography is structured into dominant political-economic forms of practice and governance, and that in this way it both enables and elides American dominance. Notwithstanding this force in the world, and notwithstanding the tendency of many commentators on globalisation to ignore American dominance, recent events have made such elisions more difficult. I therefore suggest that we need to do more to theorise how American dominance is interwoven with economic globalisation. 相似文献
10.
Throughout much of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the tropics and subtropics were constructed as a relatively homogenous realm. The supposed 'pathological potency' of these regions was assumed to render them particularly hazardous for European constitutions relative to 'temperate' locations. The interior of Africa represented one such apparently pestilential place. This paper examines how the experiences of nineteenth-century missionaries based at various stations in central southern Africa might have been influenced by popular and scientific debates focusing on environment, climate and health in Africa. We also illustrate how their perspectives may have challenged popular homogenized conceptualizations of interior Africa as a uniformly dangerous place for Europeans and helped to identify a spatially varied pathological geography of the region. 相似文献
11.
本文利用全球新型冠状病毒疫苗（COVID-19疫苗,简称新冠疫苗）的开发、订购、捐赠和接种数据,借助GIS等技术方法,在明晰全球新冠疫苗开发与流通格局的基础上,探讨全球新冠疫苗接种的时空分异特征。结果表明：① 全球新冠疫苗开发格局呈明显的空间不均衡性,形成以西欧、北美和亚洲为核心的三足鼎立格局,美国、中国和英国等是新冠疫苗的主要开发国。② 全球新冠疫苗订购网络主要遵循定向扩展和不定向扩展两种扩展模式,订购联系总体上表现出早期集中于欧美发达国家内部,随后逐步向外部亚非拉国家扩展的特点。③ 全球新冠疫苗捐赠网络以中国和美国为双核,美国主要向东南亚、南亚和拉美等美国传统势力范围或战略地位重要国家进行捐赠,中国主要向南亚、东南亚和西亚等“一带一路”沿线国家和非洲国家进行捐赠。整体上新冠疫苗捐赠主要受捐赠双方联系密切程度、关系友好程度和捐赠国的国家战略需求及国际义务履行需要等因素综合影响,但不同捐赠国侧重点有所不同。④ 受全球新冠疫苗的开发、订购和捐赠格局影响,欧美发达国家的新冠疫苗接种进程领先于绝大多数亚非拉国家,但差异性正逐步缩小,中国的疫苗接种由相对较高水平区跃升至相对高水平区,成为发展中国家的代表。 相似文献
12.
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):750-770
This study examines patterns in international telephone communications, documenting a close relationship between international call volume aggregated by nation and indicators of global connectivity including volume of international trade, tourism and migration. In addition, the analysis documents the existence of a set of national "communities" of callers. The clear orientation of large portions of the world to former colonial powers (e.g., West Africa and North Africa to France), and the separation of the Muslim Middle East and the Chinese-speaking nations of East and Southeast Asia from other calling communities suggest the importance of continuing historic and cultural influences on information flows. 相似文献
13.
政府间国际组织作为政治全球化中的一个重要作用者,体现出不同于经济维度的全球化联系。文章运用链锁网络模型计算中日两国政府间国际组织的两两连接度,分析中日两国的全球国际政治联系的图景与差异。研究发现：1）中日两国的政府间国际组织办公室数量接近,但日本的全球联系强于中国;2）在与中日两国联系较为紧密的国家中,日本与它们的联系普遍强于中国;3）中国与亚洲和非洲发展中国家的联系在中国的全球政治联系网络中占据相对重要的地位,而日本的全球政治联系主要发生在欧美发达国家之间。最后从战后国际政治秩序和地缘政治的角度对上述差异进行分析讨论,对中国未来参与联合国框架下的政府间国际事务及如何提高国际政治影响力提出了建议。 相似文献
14.
《Area》2002,33(4):440-447
Books reviewed in this article:
Eric C. F. Bird, Coastal geomorphology: an introduction
Rex Walford, Geography in British schools 1850–2000
Carolyn Cartier, Globalizing South China
G. P. Chapman, The geopolitics of South Asia: from early empires to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
N. Blomley, D. Delaney and R. Ford (eds.), The legal geographies reader 相似文献
Eric C. F. Bird, Coastal geomorphology: an introduction
Rex Walford, Geography in British schools 1850–2000
Carolyn Cartier, Globalizing South China
G. P. Chapman, The geopolitics of South Asia: from early empires to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
N. Blomley, D. Delaney and R. Ford (eds.), The legal geographies reader 相似文献
15.
国际公路运输作为“一带一路”倡议之互联互通的重要部分,是沿线国家经贸往来的重要载体。本文基于国际公路运输链的角度,结合行车时间和通关耗时,从公路通行能力和通行便捷性两方面分析“一带一路”区域公路通达性。研究表明：① “一带一路”区域公路通行能力分布状况存在不平衡现象,中东欧、中国、印度形成“三极”,通行能力明显高于其他区域,中亚、西亚、东北亚等地区由于公路覆盖率低、缺少高等级公路成为通行能力薄弱区域。② 受累积空间距离、跨境通关时间、公路网的完善程度以及政治局势等因素影响,“一带一路”区域通行便捷性在空间分布上大致呈现“中东欧-中国”双峰结构;区域之间乃至区域内部国家间通行便捷性差异显著,从高通行便捷性到低通行便捷性,通达时间由公路行车时间主导过渡到通关累积时间主导,国家间的通关障碍在很大程度上降低了“一带一路”区域公路运输整体通达性水平。 相似文献
16.
全球土地覆被时空变化与中国贡献 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20世纪下半叶以来全球土地覆被发生了剧烈变化,人类活动对土地覆被变化的影响成为“人类世”最为显著的特征之一。科学评估全球土地覆被变化的时空过程和新态势,分析中国在其中扮演的角色和地位并提出优化路径,成为中国在可持续发展领域应对全球百年未有之大变局的核心任务之一。本文基于多源土地覆盖数据,运用地理空间分析方法定量刻画了全球土地覆被变化的时空演化过程,从景观尺度分析了地类间的转化关系以及全球“变绿”和森林覆盖度的变化趋势,揭示了中国对全球土地覆被时空变化的贡献。结果表明,1992—2015年全球土地覆被经历了显著变化,全球土地覆被变化度在南美洲中部、撒哈拉以南的非洲、中亚、东南亚和东亚等地形成显著的热点区。中国森林覆盖率从1990年的12.98%增至2020年的23.34%,湿地面积增长1908 km2,为维护全球生态安全贡献了力量,同时在城市用地增长、草地和其他用地减少等方面也有一定的限制作用。与全球其他国家不同,中国城市扩张占用耕地面积居全球第一位,高达7.3万km2。1999—2019年全球叶面积指数存在全球性的显著提高趋势。中国以仅占全球6.6%的植被面积,贡献了全球20%左右的叶面积增加量,引领了全球“变绿”过程。1990—2020年全球森林覆盖度变化呈现出空间集聚性。中国森林面积增长62.84万km2居全球前列,其中西南林区和秦巴山区是林地增长的主要区域,长三角、粤港澳大湾区和内蒙古东部部分地区是森林覆盖度降低的主要区域。中国未来应进一步提升经济社会发展与生态保护的均衡协调度,持续推进美丽中国建设,为全球生态安全和可持续发展贡献更大力量和更多经验。 相似文献
17.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(7):44-48
Abstract This is a game involving role-playing designed to promote student understanding of an interest in the African colonial experience. It may be used as part of a high school or college regional geography course on Africa south of the Sahara, or in courses dealing with modern African or European history, or international relations. 相似文献
18.
国际土地争夺发展现状与影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于2000-2011年全球土地交易数据分析了全球土地争夺发展现状,并结合土地交易面积等统计指标和相关文献资料,应用统计分析和文献分析相结合的方法,探究了国际土地争夺的影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）国际土地投资者主要来自人口压力较大的亚洲,国际土地被投资者主要集中在南美洲、非洲和亚洲;（2）2000-2011年国际土地交易面积虽有起伏,但整体增幅较大;（3）国际交易土地的用途复杂多样,以农业为主,兼有林业和开采业;（4）土地争夺影响因素众多,较为突出的是粮食安全因素,除此之外,自然保护区发展、人口迁移等亦是土地争夺的潜在影响因素。 相似文献
19.
90年代经济全球化的新特点及原因探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经济全球化进入９０年人呈现出下的特点：各国交易额增加;投资规模扩大;跨国企业并购热潮;亚洲和拉美经济崛起;出现经济波动和金融危机;地区化与全球化平行发展;知识经济的到来;全球化发展不平衡。其成因有：世界政治格局多极化;发达国家采取了市场自由策略;电信技术的普及;跨国公司海外经营,世界贸易组织的影响;发展中国家采取外向型和地区化发展战略等。 相似文献
20.
MARTIN W. LEWIS 《Geographical review》1999,89(2):188-214
ABSTRACT. The conventional view of global hydrography, which maps three or four oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and, sometimes, Arctic) did not emerge until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Previously, markedly different conceptions of sea space prevailed, conceptions that changed not only to reflect new discoveries but also in accordance with changing intellectual fashions. By examining the history of global hydrography and by entertaining novel schemes of oceanic division, one can see the world afresh and perhaps discover connections that are obscured by conventional geographical divisions. 相似文献