共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
利用测井信息评价盐湖相烃源岩 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐湖相烃源岩富含膏、盐质成分,使其测井响应特征发生极大改变,给测井评价烃源岩带来困难。基于实测数据,分析了盐湖相烃源岩中普遍发育的纯泥岩、含膏(盐)泥岩和膏(盐)质泥岩有机碳含量的测井响应模式,发现纯泥岩和含膏(盐)泥岩TOC与AC和LogRt呈正比,与DEN呈反比,膏(盐)质泥岩TOC与DEN呈正比,与LogRt呈反比,并基于此建立了盐湖相烃源岩测井评价方法,即首先利用ΔGR区分岩性,再针对不同岩性建立TOC评价模型,最后根据实测S1+S2和TOC建立相关关系,就可以求取烃源岩的TOC和S1+S2。利用该方法对东营凹陷沙四下亚段烃源岩性质和展布进行分析,发现预测TOC与实测TOC吻合程度高,具有一定推广价值。 相似文献
2.
中国昆明地区岩溶洞穴洞口带苔藓植物研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究中国西南岩溶洞穴植物区系与生物多样性特征, 作者曾两次对云南昆明地区12个岩溶洞穴进行了野外考察和苔藓植物标本采集工作。其中含昆明市石灰岩洞穴1个, 石林县石灰岩洞穴5个和宜良县白云岩洞穴6个。根据采自12个岩溶洞穴洞口带的164件苔藓植物标本研究, 本文首次报道昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物10科18属25种。昆明地区洞穴中分布较多的苔藓植物科有丛藓科( Po ttiaceae) 5属8种,凤尾藓科( Fi ssidentaceae ) 1属4种,柳叶藓科( Amblystegiaceae ) 3 属3 种和青藓(Brachytheciaceae ) 2属3种。溶洞中较常见的4种苔藓植物种类是萤光苔类植物光苔Cyathodiumcavernarum Kunze ( 见于6个溶洞中) , 小凤尾藓Fissidens bryoides Hedw ( 见于4个溶洞中) , 橙色净口藓Gymnostonum calcareum Nees et Ho rsch (见于3 个溶洞中)和长叶扭口藓Tortella tortuosa( Hedw ) Limp ( 见于3个溶洞中)。野外观察表明,受洞穴弱光环境生态因子的限制, 昆明地区洞穴苔藓植物主要生长于洞穴洞口0～ 26m带范围内; 2种丛集型藓类植物, 橙色净口藓Gymnostonumcalcareum Nees et Horsch, 和钩喙净口藓G.recurvirost re Hedw 参与洞口带钟乳石或石笋钙华沉积。 相似文献
3.
Principles of Probabilistic Regional Mineral Resource Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agterberg Frits 《地球科学》2011,36(2):189-200
Five principal sources of uncertainty in quantitative mineral resource estimation are listed and illustrated by means of a simple example (mosaic model) and a case history study for large copper deposits in the Abitibi area of the Canadian Shield. Abitibi copper potential originally was estimated on the basis of 1968 estimates of production and reserves totalling 3.12 Mt Cu. This prognostication now could be evaluated on the basis of 2008 copper production and reserves totalling 9.50 Mt Cu. An earlier hindsight study performed on the basis of 1977 data (totalling 5.23 Mt Cu) showed seven new discoveries occurring either in the immediate vicinities of known deposits or on broad regional copper anomalies predicted from the 1968 inputs. By 1977, the global geographic distribution pattern of large copper deposits in the Abitibi area had stabilized. During the next 30 years, new copper was essentially found close to existing deposits, much of it deeper down in the Earth's crust. In this paper, uncertainties associated with copper ore tonnage are analyzed by comparison of 2008 data with 1968 data using (a) log-log plots of size versus rank, and (b) lognormal QQ-plots. Straight lines fitted by least squares on these plots show that 1968 slopes provide good estimates of 2008 slopes but 1968 intercepts are much less than 2008 intercepts. In each linear log-weight versus log-rank plot, the slope is related to fractal dimension of a Pareto frequency distribution, and in a lognormal QQ-plot it is determined by logarithmic variance. The difference between 2008 and 1968 intercepts represents the increase in copper ore production and reserves from 1968 to 2008. The Pareto model fits actual copper and massive sulphides increase over the past 40 years better than the lognormal frequency distribution model for 10 km×10 km cells on favorable environments in the Abitibi area. 相似文献
4.
《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(3):1-7
The Deep Resources Exploration and Mining(DREAM) grant program, within the framework of The National Key Research and Development Program grants, is a pillar to implement China's science and technology strategy in the area of deep resources exploitation. To tackle the insufficient of theories and technologies for the 1000-meter-deep mining, a section of mining, covering the research of basic theories, general technologies and application demonstration, was arranged in the layout of DREAM under the principle of "whole chain design, integrated implementation". In the aspect of basic research, DREAM mainly focused on the deep rock mechanics and mining theory, such as the in-situ mechanical behavior of deep rock, deep high stress induction and energy regulation theory. For the general and key technologies, DREAM supported the research on the mine construction and hoisting, excavation, rock breaking, mining methods and mining safety according to the characteristics of coal and metal mines. For the demonstration application, taking green, safe and efficient as the starting point, DREAM aimed at the green, safe and high efficiency mining, and the demonstration and leading role projects such as the low-waste and high-efficiency back fill mining. Since 2016, 10 RD projects have been funded, and 122 institutional participants with a total budget of RMB 235 million from the central government and RMB 480 million from enterprises as well as local governments have been involved. It is expected that the mining section of DREAM would contribute to establishing the theory and technology system in the area of deep mining and promoting the ability of deep resource exploitation in China. 相似文献
5.
Three-dimensional(3 D)static modelling techniques are applied to the characterization of the Qishn Formation(Fm.)in the Sharyoof oil field locating within the Masila basin,southeastern Yemen.The present study was initiated by the seismic structural interpretation,followed by building a 3 D structural framework,in addition to analysing well log data and from these,3 D facies and petrophysical models are constructed.In the Sharyoof oil field,the Qishn Fm.exhibits depth values within the range of 400-780 m below sea level,with a general increase towards the SSE.A set of high dip angle normal faults with a general ENE-WSW trend dissect the rocks.The strata are also folded as a main anticline with an axis that is parallel to the fault trend,formed as a result of basement uplift.According to the facies models,the Qishn Fm.comprises 43.83% limestone,21.53% shale,21.26% sandstone,13.21% siltstone and 0.17% dolomite.The Qishn Carbonates Member has low porosity values making it a potential seal for the underlying reservoirs whereas the Upper Qishn Clastics SI A and C have good reservoir quality and SIB has fair reservoir quality.The Upper Qishn Clastics S2 and S3 also have fair reservoir quality,while the Lower Qishn Clastics zone has good reservoir quality.The water saturation decreases towards the west and east and increases towards north and south.The total original oil in-place(OOIP)of the Upper Qishn clastics is 106 million STB within the SI A,SIC and S2 zones.Drilling of development wells is recommended in the eastern study area,where good trapping configuration is exhibited in addition to the presence of a potential seal(Upper Qishn Carbonates Member)and reservoir(Qishn Clastics Member)with high porosity and low water saturation. 相似文献
6.
印度共和国位于南亚次大陆中部,陆地面积297.32万km2(不包括印控克什米尔地区与锡金),北部为喜马拉雅高山区,海拔平均为5500m;中部是印度河-恒河-布拉马普特河(在中国境内称雅鲁藏布江)平原,平均海拔100~200m,是印度经济最发达、人口最稠密地区;南部是印度半岛高原区,西高东低, 相似文献
7.
M. Fokeeva 《冰川冻土》2004,26(Z1):215-219
Field investigations of several gas mains in different geosystems were carried out in Noviy Urengoy region (Eastern Siberia) in September, 2003. There were on ground pipelines covered with peat or sand. In case of small rivers pipelines were elevated by pile support on the shores. Because pipelines were applied in cryolithozone that means special secure methods used in pipeline systems functioning and operating. There are multiple sites of natural landscapes destructed or totally destroyed during building and exploiting of the pipelines. That causes negative cryogenic processes development. The most dangerous one is the heaving, that reaches up to several meters in humid landscapes. The complex thermoerosion, thermokarst and heaving occur very often at one site. The heaving of piles leads to pipe deformations and the emergency situations to occur. It is possible to predict negative cryogenic processes development and so far to reduce an emergency risk. 相似文献
8.
Magmatic and hydrothermal zircon growth during multiple orogenic cycles in an evolving mantle wedge 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Hongseong area of the Hongseong-Imjingang Belt in the central-western Korean Peninsula forms part of a subduction-collision system that is correlated with the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Belt in China. Several serpentinized ultramafic bodies carrying blocks of metamorphosed mafic rocks occur in this area. Here we investigate zircon grains in serpentinites from Bibong(BB) and Wonnojeon(WNJ), and high-pressure(HP) mafic granulite from Baekdong(BD) localities based on U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf analyses. The zircons from BD HP mafic granulite show distinct age peaks at 838 Ma, 617 Ma and 410 Ma, with minor peaks at1867 Ma, 1326 Ma and 167 Ma. The Neoproterozoic age peaks in these rocks as well as in the serpentinites suggest subduction-related melt-fluid interaction in the mantle wedge at this time. The older zircon grains ranging in age from the Early to Middle Paleoproterozoic might represent detrital grains from the basement rocks transferred to the wedge mantle through sediment subduction. The BD HP mafic granulite shows a Middle Paleozoic age peak(Devonian; 410 Ma). The 242-245 Ma age peaks in the compiled age data of zircon grains serpentinites from BB and WNJ correspond to a major Triassic event that further added melts and fluids into the ancient mantle wedge to crystallize new zircons. In the chondrite normalized rare earth element diagram, the magmatic zircon grains from the studied rocks show LREE depletion and HREE enrichment with sharply negative Eu and Pr anomalies and positive Ce and Sm anomalies. The REE patterns of hydrothermal zircons show LREE enrichment, and relatively flat patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Zircon Hf signature from the WNJ serpentinite show negative εHf(t)(-18.5 and-23.5) values indicating an enriched mantle source with TDM in the range of 1614 Ma and1862 Ma. Zircons from the BD HP mafic granulite also show slightly negative εHf(t)(average-4.3) and TDM in the range of 1365-1935 Ma. Our study provides evidence for multiple zircon growth in an evolving mantle wedge that witnessed melt and fluid interaction during different orogenic cycles. 相似文献
9.
This study aims to extend the multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS)-Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method for reliability analysis of slopes in spatially variable soils. This approach is used to explore the influences of the multiscale spatial variability of soil properties on the probability of failure(P_f) of the slopes. In the proposed approach, the relationship between the factor of safety and the soil strength parameters characterized with spatial variability is approximated by the MARS, with the aid of Karhunen-Loeve expansion. MCS is subsequently performed on the established MARS model to evaluate Pf.Finally, a nominally homogeneous cohesive-frictional slope and a heterogeneous cohesive slope, which are both characterized with different spatial variabilities, are utilized to illustrate the proposed approach.Results showed that the proposed approach can estimate the P_f of the slopes efficiently in spatially variable soils with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, the approach is relatively robust to the influence of different statistics of soil properties, thereby making it an effective and practical tool for addressing slope reliability problems concerning time-consuming deterministic stability models with low levels of P_f.Furthermore, disregarding the multiscale spatial variability of soil properties can overestimate or underestimate the P_f. Although the difference is small in general, the multiscale spatial variability of the soil properties must still be considered in the reliability analysis of heterogeneous slopes, especially for those highly related to cost effective and accurate designs. 相似文献
10.
In this paper,through data collection and field investigation,the development and utilization status of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou urban area was discussed.Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions,rock and soil structure characteristics and field test research,the spatial distribution characteristics of rock and soil in the study area were summarized.The study shows that Zhoukou City is located in the alluvial plain of Huanghuai,and the loose deposits of river alluvial genesis range 0-200 m.These loose deposits and groundwater stored in their pores are the main carriers of shallow geothermal energy.In the central part of the Yinghe River in the middle of the study area,the aquifer thickness is within 200 m,the particle size is coarser,the water-bearing degree and recharge capacity is better.On this basis,the paper uses AHP to evaluate the suitability of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization to guide the rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources. 相似文献
11.
Re-Os同位素体系在蛇绿岩应用研究中的进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Re-Os不同于由亲石元素构成的同位素体系，在原始上地幔（PUN）部分熔融过程中，母体Re是中等不相容元素，优先进入熔体相，子体Os是强相容元素，富集在残留相中，是研究蛇绿岩的极好示踪剂。在蛇绿岩应用研究中已经取得了4个方面的进展：（1）明确了熔体相的Re／Os和^187Os／^188Os比值高，而残留相的低；（2）铬铁矿中铂族元素矿物（PGM）的Re亏损年龄（TRD）证实了蛇绿岩中复杂的超镁铁岩体是多阶段部分熔融的产物；（3）现代大洋橄榄岩和玄武岩的Re-Os同位素研究表明熔体相和残留相的^187Os／^188Os比值在高于亏损地幔值（DMM）的部分是一致的，而低于DMM的存在不一致性，为研究蛇绿岩中熔体相与残留相是否存在“耦合”关系提供了新的制约因素；（4）揭示了蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中含有古大陆岩石圈地幔，这是前所未知的。虽然取得了不少进展，但是由于Re-Os同位素体系用于蛇绿岩研究的时间较短，尚存在一些问题，如显生宙蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩的定年问题，有待进一步深化研究。 相似文献
12.
基于小波的降噪理论,研究了水下舰船辐射噪声的被动声纳降噪问题。通过对船辐射噪声的建模和仿真,分析对比了不同方法对舰船辐射噪声信号降噪的效果,并利用各种小波基和采用不同阈值条件下对信号进行降噪处理的效果。该研究在分析对比的基础上,进行小波包软阈值去噪并且取得了较好的效果,对被动声纳降噪提供了较好的应用前景。 相似文献
13.
基于破坏概率的滑坡稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了概率分析法的基本原理和实施方法,并运用Monte carlo模拟对滑坡的破坏概率进行了模拟分析。在探讨具体工程实例的基础上,提出了计算机处理滑坡稳定性的程序设计方法。实践表明,滑坡的破坏概率分析是滑坡稳定性评价的有效手段之一。 相似文献
14.
本文概述了滑坡破坏概率分析的基本原理.以三峡库区的龙王庙滑坡为例,论述了地下水对滑坡的作用,进行了滑坡的破坏概率分析,分析结果表明,该滑坡在库水位骤降初期有较高的破坏概率,必须进行治理. 相似文献
15.
地下水是影响边坡稳定一个重要因素,主要体现为内、外两个方面的影响。经常考虑的地下水对边坡地层重度、强度等方面的影响属于内的方面;地下水还可能对边坡岩土体产生如浮托力、静水压力、动水压力、渗透力等附加力属于外的方面。通过对一弱膨胀性土边坡失稳各阶段、各影响因素下的分析,阐述了地下水在弱膨胀性土边坡稳定分析中内、外方面的不利影响。并得出结论：在边坡稳定分析时,仅考虑地下水对地层重度、抗剪强度等指标的影响,其分析结果偏于不安全;尤其是边坡地层为弱膨胀性土时,浸水后强度大幅下降,应采用浸水试验指标进行边坡稳定性复核;其次还应考虑地下水渗流排泄对边坡产生的附加荷载。 相似文献
16.
中德合作三江源区和甜水海地区多年冻土退化过程科学考察和研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为准确了解青藏高原多年冻土退化过程及其环境效应,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所和德国海德堡大学环境物理研究所共同组成科研小组,先后对我国三江源区、西昆仑甜水海地区进行了多年冻土退化过程的前期勘察研究工作.首次在人烟稀少的玉树-不冻泉沿线等地建立了3个长期综合观测研究站.在技术手段上,除应用常规的坑探、水土取样、水分现场观测、地面调查外,主要应用了最新的双天线、多回路探地雷达勘测技术,对不同地貌条件下的活动层结构特征、上限附近冻土结构、冷生组构等诸多方面进行了快速勘察,同时还进行了水分场分布规律、盐份迁移过程的初步研究.研究结果表明:地表景观特征对热质迁移规律、地温场具有重要影响;青藏高原新疆甜水海地区的低温(<-4℃)冻土与高原东部和腹地的高温(>-1℃)冻土在地质背景和地下冰发育情况等方面有所区别;甜水海地区生态环境在过去30多年的时间里已发生重大改变:地表植被发生大面积退化,地表普遍发生不同程度盐渍化;在该地区发现大量小型冻胀丘、石环等冰缘现象的存在.探地雷达勘察结果显示,地表地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化均对多年冻土上限变化和地下冰的赋存产生重要影响. 相似文献
17.
与传统的砂岩、泥岩不同,缝洞型碳酸盐岩具有较强的非均质性及各向异性,因此利用传统的方法对其进行孔隙压力预测尤为困难。利用声学信息进行孔隙压力预测是一种有效的预测方法,研究孔隙压力对碳酸盐岩储层声学特性的影响,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。通过对孔洞发育程度不同的缝洞型碳酸盐岩进行不同孔隙压力下的声学实验测试,在实验的基础上,分析了不同孔隙流体压力条件下岩心的声波时差、衰减系数、时频特性,得到了孔隙压力与不同类型碳酸盐岩纵横波时差及衰减系数之间的关系;探讨了孔隙压力对不同类型碳酸盐岩纵横波在时域及频域上的影响。此研究为利用声学特性对碳酸盐岩储层孔隙压力预测提供了借鉴。 相似文献
18.
为了更好地理解湖泊萎缩对湖内洪水过程的影响,在假定洞庭湖将继续萎缩的前提下,通过建立荆江-洞庭湖水动力模型,定量分析洞庭湖萎缩对湖内洪水的影响。研究结果表明,湖内水位及洪峰流量随湖泊面积的萎缩而增加,洪峰水位到达时刻随着湖泊萎缩而提前。若遇1996年型洪水,洞庭湖面积若从目前的2 670 km2减小至1 380 km2时,西洞庭湖及南洞庭湖内最高水位将抬高2.0 m左右,东洞庭湖水位将抬升0.4 m左右,城陵矶站点洪峰水位到达时刻将提前约11 h,洪峰流量增加约4 800 m3/s。因此,若洞庭湖湖泊面积在目前基础上（面积2 670 km2）继续萎缩,湖区特别是西洞庭湖及南洞庭湖将面临更为严峻的洪水灾害。虽然湖泊萎缩对西洞庭湖与南洞庭湖内水面坡降影响较小,但东洞庭湖内水位同时受湖泊萎缩及长江来流的影响,水面坡降发生较大变化,在距离蔡家洲80~110 km（鹿角站附近）河段水面坡降出现大幅增大。 相似文献
19.
青藏高原东缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
活动断裂的地质灾害效应是工程地质与地质灾害领域研究的重要内容。本文以第四纪以来构造活动最强烈的青藏高原东缘为例,阐述了活动断裂地质灾害效应的主要表现形式,包括:(1)活动断裂对地形地貌和岩体结构的影响;(2)断裂剧烈活动(地震)诱发地质灾害;(3)断裂蠕滑作用对斜坡应力场和稳定性的影响;(4)断裂活动是地质灾害链的源头,为地质灾害提供物源。上述表现形式及灾害成因机理和分布规律是活动构造区地质灾害防治中需要关注的关键问题。根据青藏高原东缘典型地质灾害案例研究提出,内外动力耦合作用成灾机理是未来地质灾害研究方向,将为活动构造区地质灾害早期识别和防灾减灾提供理论依据。 相似文献
20.
A.J. Baer 《Precambrian Research》1977,5(3):249-260
The rate of thickening of the lithosphere has varied through geological time. Plate tectonics did not begin until about 1000 Ma ago, because eclogite was not stable in oceanic crust prior to that time. Geological data (presence of continental margins and rift-zones, paleomagnetic polar-wander curve, age and distribution of andesites) are used as a guide to extrapolate back in time the data available on the present lithosphere and on present geothermal gradients. These speculations are meant to focus attention on constraints that must be respected by models for Precambrian evolution of the crust. 相似文献