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1.
火山沉积型硼矿形成于新近纪特定的火山+湖相沉积环境条件下,含硼地层具有含硼湖相沉积岩与凝灰岩、安山岩等火山岩互层的多旋回二元沉积结构的特点.由于硼酸盐矿物的沉积发生多在沉积后期,通常与凝灰岩、粘土、灰岩等互层沉积,因此形成的硼矿层具有低密度、低电阻率的特征.针对硼矿层的这种特征,采用综合地球物理技术进行探测.在西藏雄巴地区,首先进行了1:5万高精度重力勘探,获得了研究区的布格重力异常,通过对重力资料的处理分析,获取了研究区的断裂构造发育和重力异常变化,推断了地下地层岩性空间变化特点并圈定出火山沉积型硼矿的发育有利区;在此基础上对有利区域进行了1:5000音频大地电磁测深,获得了研究区地下地层电性结构特征.通过对研究区电法数据的震电拟合及重力和大地电磁资料联合反演并与研究区地质资料相结合,进一步分析了该区地层构造、断裂体系、沉积单元与火山沉积型硼矿的形成关系,并对该区火山沉积型硼矿的分布进行了预测,最终钻探验证结果与预测结果基本一致. 相似文献
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3.
九江-瑞昌矿集区的3D结构及对区域找矿的启示 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文分析了九瑞地区重、磁场的分布特征.运用最新的方法技术对已有的重磁资料重新进行处理:采用重磁多尺度边缘检测方法,对九瑞矿集区区域重力和航磁数据进行了边缘检测,并根据检测结果重新厘定了断裂系统的展布位置.在整理、分析九瑞地区地质、地层物性资料的基础上,对实测的1∶5万重磁数据进行较细致的准三维反演.同时将重磁三维物性反演应用到岩浆岩空间结构研究中,获得了矿集区地层结构及岩浆岩三维空间形态特征.根据反演所得磁化率强弱,分析了岩体的基性程度,为寻找与火山岩、侵入岩体有关的金属矿产提供了指示信息.最终建立的模型给出了地下地层的分布特征、控矿构造的展布规律、与成矿相关岩体的三维形态以及已知矿点的空间分布特征,为在九瑞矿集区的深部寻找隐伏矿体提供了新的信息. 相似文献
4.
The role of regional-scale faults in controlling a trapdoor caldera,Coromandel Peninsula,New Zealand
《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2006,149(3-4):312-328
Regional gravity data from an eroded Miocene to Pliocene volcanic arc exposed in the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, delineate a circular − 26-mGal, 15-km-diameter gravity anomaly. This anomaly, which has steep gradients on its northern and western margins but shallow gradients elsewhere, correlates with relatively young volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks within a broad topographic depression. Gravity modelling, using an exponentially decreasing density contrast with depth profile, requires very low-density rocks (ca. 2280 kg m− 3) in the near-surface to account for the observed anomaly, giving a total depth of ca. 2.8 km for these rocks. The northern and western margins of this body dip steeply inward at 70°, whereas the southern and eastern margins have shallow inward dips (20–30°). The western margin coincides with the regional-scale Mangakino Fault, but the northern margin, recognizable only in the geophysical data (and named here the Ohinemuri Fault), is partially buried under younger volcanic rocks. We interpret these deep and steeply bounded, low-density volcanics in terms of a trapdoor caldera, faulted on its northern and western margins, with its hinge on the southern and eastern margins. Epithermal deposits are spatially associated with the Mangakino and Ohinemuri Faults, suggesting that both structures may have influenced hydrothermal fluid flow. These deposits pre-date caldera fill, indicating that caldera development followed pre-existing regional faults. These results delineate the subsurface geometry of a trapdoor caldera and highlight the role of pre-existing, regional-scale faults in controlling such caldera location and collapse. 相似文献
5.
South China is the most important uranium producer in the country. Much of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic geology of this area was
dominated by NNE-trending intracontinental strike-slip faulting that resulted from oblique subduction of the paleo-Pacific
plate underneath the eastern China continent. This strike-slip fault system was characterized by transpression in the early-mid
Jurassic and by transtension from the latest Jurassic through Cretaceous to early Tertiary. Most uranium ore deposits in South
China are strictly fault-hosted and associated with mid-late Mesozoic granitic intrusions and volcanic rocks, which formed
under transpression and transtension regimes, respectively. Various data demonstrate that the NNE-trending strike-slip faults
have played critical roles in the formation and distribution of hydrothermal uranium deposits. Extensive geochronological
studies show that a majority of uranium deposits in South China formed during the time period of 140–40 Ma with peak ages
between 87–48 Ma, coinciding well with the time interval of transtension. However, hydrothermal uranium deposits are not uniformly
distributed along individual strike-slip fault. The most important ore-hosting segments are pull-apart stepovers, splay structures,
extensional strike-slip duplexes, releasing bends and fault intersections. This non-uniform distribution of ore occurrences
in individual fault zone reflects localization of hydrothermal fluids within those segments that were highly dilational and
thus extremely permeable. The unique geometric patterns and structural styles of strike-slip faults may have facilitated mixing
of deeply derived and near-surface fluids, as evidenced by stable isotopic data from many uranium deposits in South China.
The identification of fault segments favorable for uranium mineralization in South China is important for understanding the
genesis of hydrothermal ore deposits within continental strike-slip faults, and therefore has great implications for exploration
strategies. 相似文献
6.
中低温对流型地热资源在华北地区广泛分布,是一种清洁的替代能源.与活动断裂带相关的水热型地热资源是中低温地热系统的重要组成部分.本文基于高精度重力测量、微动测深及钻孔温度测量等数据,从热源、通道、储层和盖层四个方面探讨了南口—孙河断裂带水热系统特征.低重力异常揭示的燕山期花岗二长岩、闪长岩岩体范围为23.8 km~2和14.3 km~2,放射性测井数据计算得到其生热率均值为3.14μW·m~(-3),侏罗系火山岩生热率均值为1.65μW·m~(-3),隐伏岩体和火山岩均难以构成地热系统的附加热源.重力异常显示南口—孙河断裂带宽度约500~800 m,断裂带切割蓟县系雾迷山组白云岩热储层.钻井温度曲线显示断裂带内水热活动强烈,说明该断裂带是导水、导热的重要通道.断裂带南西侧马池口一带第四系松散层与侏罗系火山岩形成了热储盖层,微动测深显示火山岩最大厚度约1500 m.综上源、通、储、盖四个要素分析,该地热系统为热传导一对流复合型,来自京西北山区的大气降水经远距离径流深循环吸收地层热量后沿南口—孙河断裂上移到达裂隙发育的白云岩地层中形成热水.总之,沿南口—孙河断裂带具备了良好的地热地质条件,可达到规模开采的条件. 相似文献
7.
庐枞盆地浅表地壳速度成像与隐伏矿靶区预测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用反射地震初至波可以精确反演地壳速度结构和构造信息.对庐枞盆地采集的高分辨地震数据,运用初至波层析成像方法,反演得到了该区1200 m以上的浅表地壳速度结构信息.找矿信息总是同地球化学异常联系紧密,对采集于炮孔深处的岩屑、泥砂样品进行了地球化学分析,发现了多处显著的金属元素异常.对五条测线的速度成像结果及其映射的地下岩性结构和炮孔地球化学分析结果进行了相关性对比分析.结果显示,庐枞盆地的沉积岩、火山岩和侵入岩具有不同的速度范围,侵入岩具有高波速特征,地球化学信息高异常往往出现在高速侵入岩体的上方;精细的速度信息蕴含着丰富的浅表地壳结构变化特征,与庐枞矿集区已知的地质、岩体、构造和矿体分布存在着良好的对应关系.速度成像结果可以准确刻画地下隐伏侵入岩体的空间分布形态,结合地球化学分析异常和重磁探测等信息,预测隐伏矿床,提供深部找矿靶区. 相似文献
8.
Thermochronological constraints on two pulses of Cenozoic high-K magmatism in eastern Tibet 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Cenozoic high-K magmatism was vigorously activated in eastern Tibet and controlled by the Early Tertiary pull-apart basins induced by strike-slip faults or Late Tertiary-Quaternary rift basins. These small plutons, dykes and volcanic rocks spatially appea… 相似文献
9.
A detailed investigation on the location of magmatic intrusions in the Carboniferous strata of the Qinggelidi area, north‐eastern Junggar Basin, is presented based on the interpretation of gravity and magnetic data constrained by petrophysical data, seismics and surface geology. The wavelet multi‐resolution analysis based on the discrete wavelet transform is adopted to the regional‐residual separation of gravity and magnetic anomalies. A power spectrum analysis is applied to estimate the source depths corresponding to different scales. A comparative analysis on the characteristics of local gravity and magnetic anomalies improved our understanding of volcanic rock distribution in the Carboniferous strata. Generally speaking, in total 75 anomalies are recognized, among which 23 are inferred to be the responses of basalts, diabases and andesites with high density and strong magnetization. Twelve anomalies are assumed to be caused by andesites, rhyolites and volcanic breccias with medium‐low density and high magnetization. There are still five anomalies that are believed to be generated by volcanic tuffs with low density and weak magnetization. Lastly, four cross‐sections in 3D gravity and magnetic modelling are displayed to provide a more thorough image of volcanic rocks in our study area. 相似文献
10.
Reconstruction of uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for understanding its environmental impacts. The Oiyug Basin in southern Tibet contains multiple periods of sedimentary sequences and volcanic rocks that span much of the Cenozoic and has great potential for further studying this issue. However, these strata were poorly dated. This paper presents a chronological study of the 145 m thick and horizontally-distributed lacustrine sequence using paleomagnetic method as well as a K-Ar dating of the underlying volcanic rocks. Based on these dating results, a chronostratigraphic framework and the basin-developmental history have been established for the past 15 Ma, during which three tectonic stages are identified. The period of 15-8.1 Ma is characterized by intense volcanic activities involving at least three major eruptions. Subsequently, the basin came into a tectonically quiescent period and a lacustrine sedimentary sequence was developed. Around 2.5 Ma, an N-S fault occurred across the southern margin of the basin, leading to the disappearance of the lake environment and the development of the Oiyug River. The Gyirong basin on northern slope of the Himalayas shows a similar basin developmental history and thus there is a good agreement in tectonic activities between the Himalayan and Gangdise orogenic belts. Therefore, the tectonic evolution stages experienced by the Oiyug Basin during the past 15 Ma could have a regional significance for southern Tibet. The chronological data obtained from this study may provide some constraints for further studies with regard to the tectonic processes and environmental changes in southern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
11.
文中对腾冲火山区1998—2004年水准及重力观测资料进行了分析,发现垂直形变量大多在±10mm之内,重力变化为几十μGal,火山锥体和断层附近点位活动异常较大,可综合应用多源mogi模型和断层模型解释,断层的活动可使相邻测点的形变方向相反;垂直形变和重力的逐年变化表明火山岩浆处于一种活动状态。将火山区点位各时间段的重力梯度展布在形变-重力关系解释图中,发现数据主要落在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ区,结合形变量对压力源等效体积的估算,初步认为火山区岩浆目前活动程度较低,暂没有喷发的危险 相似文献
12.
裂缝问题是火山岩复杂岩性油气藏勘探开发中必须考虑的重要因素之一.火山岩储层裂缝预测的准确性直接影响着油气的产能、钻井工艺和增产改造措施等.本文主要根据等效HTI介质(扩容各向异性介质)的特性,立足地下介质各向异性理论,利用三维地震叠前P波在HTI介质中的属性分布特征来检测裂缝的发育情况.利用三维地震叠前P波裂缝检测技术在松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷深层营城组火山岩中尝试开展了储层裂缝发育预测研究.通过研究建立了火山岩裂缝地震叠前预测方法,并对营城组火山岩裂缝发育情况进行预测,结果表明裂缝主要分布在工区中部构造高部位,发育方向以北北西向为主.最后利用测井资料和钻井产能资料等进行效果分析,证实该技术对于认识火山岩储层裂缝发育具有实际应用价值,说明应用地震资料开展储层裂缝预测具有横向分辨率高、实现井间分布描述和宏观空间分布规律清楚等特点. 相似文献
13.
琼北地区北西方向长流-仙沟断裂带晚第四纪活动及与火山活动关系的讨论 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
琼北地区的火山活动以裂隙喷溢为主,晚更新世道堂期的射气岩浆喷发形成了众多的低平火山口,全新世雷虎岭期火山口主要分布于石山、永兴一带,沿NW向长流-仙沟断裂带分布。近2年在石山一带的射气岩浆喷发物中揭露出多条大规模的断裂,这些断裂带的单个断面虽然类似于地震活断层,但它们缺少断错地貌和断层方向的稳定性,一些断层组合成弧形。尽管这些断裂断面清晰,断距达4m,仍被认为是伴随火山喷发活动后期塌陷而形成的次级断层。此外,位于非火山岩分布区跨长流-仙沟断裂带的钻孔联合剖面探测表明,该断裂带在晚更新世晚期以来不活动。长流-仙沟断裂带晚更新世晚期以来的活动主要表现在作为深部岩浆的上涌通道。 相似文献
14.
Former geophysical surveys performed in the region of the volcanic centre of the České Stř edohoří Mts. in North Bohemia (the
Ohře Rift zone) showed that anomalous volcanic bodies and features can be effectively identified within sedimentary environment.
For this reason we carried out new geophysical measurements in the area of the main mafic intrusion of essexitic character.
The target was the exact location and geometry of the intrusion and its relation to other components of the volcanic centre.
We used gravity, magnetic, shallow seismic and electromagnetic techniques. The new gravity and magnetic data were tied to
the old databases so that we could investigate the area as a whole complex. Electromagnetic measurements were applied in the
area of the expected extent of the intrusion, and the seismic measurements in the central part of the intrusion.
Based on all the data, mainly on gravity modelling, we delineated not only the surface and subsurface extent of the intrusion,
but we also defined the hidden relief of the intrusion. It was found that the intrusion is formed by a single body that has
a few protrusions, and not by a set of separate individual intrusions, as indicated by surface outcrops. However, the body
of the intrusion is affected by a major fault that caused lithological differences on both sides (essexite/monzodiorite).
In detail we show the depth of the debris cover and the thickness of the weathered zone in the central part of the essexite
body. We also derived indications of tectonic elements in the area of the intrusion in the main structural/tectonic direction
in the region. The results will be utilized to establish a 3D geological model of the whole volcanic centre.
This investigation may serve as an example of non-seismic geophysical exploration applied to the study of volcanic centres
surrounded by sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
15.
研究九瑞矿集区成矿地层和岩体的三维分布特征可为区域成矿背景和成矿规律研究提供新的信息,实现研究区深部及外围找矿突破.本文首先综合分析研究区区域地质及地层和岩石密度和磁化率特征,然后将区域地质和12条地质剖面信息利用自行开发的GIF2UBCmodel程序构建剩余密度和磁化率参考模型和上下边界约束模型,实现了带约束重磁数据三维反演.反演结果揭示九瑞矿集区剩余密度和磁化率三维分布特征,解译了矿集区主要地层和岩体分布特征.该区存在邓家山—东雷湾以及武山—丁家山两个大型岩体;盖层褶皱与结晶基底隆起方向一致,是深部基地隆起的继承.通过与矿集区已知矿床对比发现,高磁性岩体边缘和基底隆起(高密度体)两翼为成矿有利区. 相似文献
16.
Basement geology beneath the northeast Thelon Basin,Nunavut: insights from integrating new gravity,magnetic and geological data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Current models for unconformity‐associated uranium deposits predict fluid flow and ore deposition along reactivated faults in >1.76 Ga basement beneath Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic basins. In frontier regions such as the Thelon Basin in the Kivalliq region of Nunavut, little is known about the sub‐basin distribution of units and structures, making exploration targeting very tenuous. We constructed a geological map of the basement beneath the unconformity by extrapolating exposed features into the subsurface. The new map is constrained by detailed geological, geophysical, and rock property observations of outcrops adjacent to the basin and by aeromagnetic and gravity data over the geophysically transparent sedimentary basin. From rock property measurements, it is clear that the diverse magnetic and density characteristics of major rock packages provide quantitative three‐dimensional constraints. Gravity profiles forward modelled in four cross sections define broad synforms of the Amer Belt and Archean volcanic rocks that are consistent with the structural style outside the basin. Major lithotectonic entities beneath the unconformity include: supracrustal rocks of the Archean Woodburn Lake group and Marjorie Hills meta sedimentary gneiss and associated mixed granitoid and amphibolitic gneiss; the Amer Mylonite Zone and inferred mafic intrusions oriented parallel and sub‐parallel; other igneous intrusions of 2.6 Ga, 1.83 Ga, and 1.75 Ga vintage; and the <2.3 Ga to >1.84 Ga Amer Group. Four main brittle regional fault arrays (040°–060°, 075°–90°, 120°, and 150°) controlled development and preservation of the basin. The reactivated intersections of such faults along fertile basement units such as the Rumble assemblage, Marjorie Hills assemblage, Nueltin igneous rocks, and Pitz formation are the best targets for uranium exploration. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(2):92-101
Ore deposits are frequently associated with various types of rock alteration that may affect the physical properties of rocks, and result in a characteristic signature of the deposits. The present work focuses on the use of geophysical data in targeting areas hosting Fe-oxide Cu–Au (IOCG) deposits west of the Kiruna mining district, northern Sweden. It is noted that IOCG deposits in different areas worldwide (e.g., Australia, Canada) are preferentially located in proximity to faults associated with deformation zones of regional relevance, and that the deposits are hosted in areas affected by potassic to sodic alteration. This study shows that at a semi-regional scale IOCG deposits occur within areas of high positive gravity anomalies, high values of estimated potassium content and high K/Th ratios, which is an expression of potassic alteration. High magnetic anomalies are associated with magnetite occurrences, while low linear magnetic anomalies mark fault/shear zones, in proximity of which the majority of the IOCG deposits occur. 相似文献
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19.
EARTHQUAKE-CAUSED SEISMIC VOLCANIC ROCKS AND THIXOTROPIC DEFORMATION OF SOFT SEDIMENTS IN THE UPPER CRETACEOUS SHIJIATUN MEMBER,JIAOZHOU CITY 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A lot of seismic volcanic rocks and strong earthquake-induced thixotropic deformation structures in soft mud-sandy sediments(seismites)were identified from the Upper Cretaceous Shijiatun Member of the Hongtuya Formation for the first time in Jiaozhou City of the Zhucheng Sag, eastern China. Seismic volcanic rocks are volcanic rocks with co-seismic deformation structures which were produced by major earthquakes destroying volcano ejecta. Seismites are sediment layers with soft-sediment deformation structures formed by strong earthquake triggering saturated or semi-consolidated soft sediments to produce liquefaction, thixotropy, faults, cracks and filling and so forth. The Shijiatun Member of the Hongtuya Formation mainly consists of basaltic volcano rocks interbedded with mud-sandy(muddy sand and sandy mud)deposition layers of the river-lake facies. In the Shijiatun Member, main types of seismic volcanic rocks are shattered basalts with co-seismic fissures and seismic basaltic breccias. The thixotropic deformations of soft mud-sandy sediments mainly include thixotropic mud-sandy veins and thixotropic mud-sandy layers with tortuous boundaries. Under the strong earthquake action, saturated mud-sandy sediments could not be liquefied, instead resulting in thixotropy, i.e. their texture can be damaged and their flow-ability or rheology becomes strong. Because basaltic volcano rocks were damaged(shattered, seismic broken), a major earthquake can lead to thixotropic mud-sandy sediments flowing along seismic fissures in basalts, resulting in the formation of deformation structure of thixotropic veins, and boundaries between volcano rock and mud-sand layer became quite winding. Under the koinonia of gravity and vibration force, seismic breccia blocks sunk into thixotropic mud-sandy layers, resulting in the formation of inclusions of thixotropic mud-sandy sediments. Seismic intensity reflected by these strong earthquake records during the end stage of the Late Cretaceous was about Ⅶ to more than X degrees. The Shijiatun Member is mainly distributed in the south of the Baichihe fault in the northern Zhucheng Sag, and the fault has generated many strong tectonic and earthquake activities at the end of the late Cretaceous, also provided the channel for intrusion and eruption of basaltic magma then. At the end of the late Cretaceous, intermittent intrusion and eruption of basaltic magma took place along the Baichihe fault, meanwhile the volcano earthquakes took place or tectonic earthquakes were generated by the Baichihe fault which caused the deformation of the volcano lava and underlying strata of red saturated muddy-sand, resulting in the formation of various seismo-genesis deformations of volcanic rocks interbedded with mud-sandy sediment layers. Therefore, strong seismic events recorded by them should be responses to strong tectonic taphrogenesis of the Zhucheng Sag and intense activity of the Baichihe fault in the end of Late Cretaceous. In addition, these seismogenic deformation structures of rock-soil layers provide new data for the analysis of the failure effect produced by seismic force in similar rock-soil foundations. 相似文献
20.
Antoni Camprubí Carles Canet Augusto A. Rodríguez-Díaz Rosa M. Prol-Ledesma David Blanco-Florido Ruth E. Villanueva Abigail López-Sánchez 《Island Arc》2008,17(1):6-25
Abstract Bahía Concepción is located in the eastern coast of the Baja California peninsula and it is shaped by northwestern–southeastern normal faults. These are associated with a 12–6 Ma rifting episode, although some have been reactivated since the Pliocene. The most abundant rocks correspond to the arc related Comondú Group, Oligocene to Miocene, which forms a mainly calc‐alkaline volcanic and volcaniclastic sequence. There are less extensive outcrops of sedimentary rocks, lava flows, domes and pyroclastic rocks of Pliocene to Quaternary ages. The Neogene volcanism in the area indicates a shift from a subduction regime to an intraplate volcanism related to continental extension and the opening of an oceanic basin. The Bahía Concepción area contains numerous Mn ore deposits, being the biggest at El Gavilán and Guadalupe. The Mn deposits occur as veins, breccias and stockworks, and are composed by Mn oxides (pyrolusite, coronadite, romanechite), dolomite, quartz and barite. The deposits are hosted in volcanic rocks of the Comondú Group and, locally, in Pliocene sedimentary rocks. Thus, the Mn deposits formed between the Middle Miocene and the Pliocene. The mineralized structures are associated with Miocene northwestern–southeastern fault systems, which are analogous to those associated with the Cu‐Co‐Zn‐Mn deposits of El Boleo. The Bahía Concepción area also bears subaerial and submarine hot springs, which are associated with the same fault systems and host rocks. The submarine and subaerial geothermal manifestations south of the bay are possibly related with recent volcanism. The geothermal manifestations within the bay are intertidal hot springs and shallow submarine diffuse venting areas. Around the submarine vents (5–15 m deep, 87°C), Fe‐oxyhydroxide crusts with pyrite and cinnabar precipitate. In the intertidal vents (62°C), aggregates of opal, calcite, barite and Ba‐rich Mn oxides occur covered by silica‐carbonate stromatolitic sinters. Some 10–30 cm thick crustiform veins formed by chalcedony, calcite and barite are also found close to the vents. The hydrothermal fluids exhibit mixed isotopic compositions between δ18O‐enriched meteoric and local marine water. The precipitation of Ba‐rich Mn oxides around the vent sites could be an active analog for the processes that produced Miocene to Pliocene hydrothermal Mn‐deposits. 相似文献