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吐鲁番－哈密盆地的两种粗碎屑三角洲 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20
吐鲁番－哈密盆地上二叠统、三叠系和侏罗系广泛发育冲积扇、河流、湖泊、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和正常三角洲相沉积。其内扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲最为发育，二者在岩石类型、沉积结构、沉积构造、沉积韵律、沉积旋回、沉积背景及岩电组合上有很大的相似性，其骨架主要为河道砂体。这两种粗碎屑三角洲可用其特征的陆上沉积组合来区分。本区的扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲具有良好的储集油气潜能，是今后油气勘探不可忽视的相带。 相似文献
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作为碎屑岩储层发育的最主要沉积相类型之一,进积型三角洲在油气勘探领域具有举足轻重的地位;加强对进积型三角洲沉积模式的研究,对于油气储层预测具有重要现实意义。渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近纪湖盆内发育的东营三角洲和永安三角洲在沙河街组三段中亚段沉积期发生了交汇,而有关两个三角洲的交汇方式、沉积特征及交汇区储层的预测尚未引起足够的重视。以岩芯观测、录井和地震资料为基础,分析了东营凹陷古近系沙三段中亚段三角洲交汇区沉积特征,探讨了沉积期次、交汇过程,建立了三角洲交汇区沉积模式。研究表明,东营凹陷沙河街组三段中亚段主要发育湖泊、进积型三角洲沉积;储集砂体主要形成于三角洲前缘水下分流河道,河口坝微相次之,浊积岩主要分布于深湖区。认为此前界定的东营三角洲的分布范围可能被夸大,而永安三角洲的沉积规模可能被低估。东营凹陷古近系沙三中亚段可划分为9个期次,其作用过程可分为局部交汇阶段和完全交汇阶段。三角洲水下交汇区是水流汇聚和沉积物卸载的有利场所,叠置砂体可成为有利的油气储层,因而具有重要的油气勘探价值。 相似文献
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松辽盆地十层断陷沉积特征与油气前景 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
唐黎明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2002,32(4):345-348
十屋断陷沉积特征表现为近物源、粗碎屑快速沉积、冲积扇、扇三角洲、湖底扇与深水湖组合构成了特有的“扇－湖”沉积面貌，正常三角洲缺乏。断陷沉积发展经历了早期充填、中期扩张、晚期萎缩3个阶段：早期充填阶段发育有冲积扇、辫状河及成煤沼泽；中期扩张阶段沉积特征为深水湖泊与湖底扇、扇三角洲组合；晚期萎缩阶段为浅湖与三角洲、湖岸洪泛平原组合。良好的沉积盆地类型决定了丰富的生油气物质基础，众多的沉积体系构成了多样化的复合圈闭，因此十屋断陷具有良好的找油气前景。 相似文献
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大型坳陷湖盆浅水辫状河三角洲沉积特征及模式:以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
浅水三角洲是当今沉积学研究热点和油气勘探重点对象。鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组发育了大型浅水辫状河三角洲,并在其中发现了丰富的油气资源。在大量野外露头、岩心和地球物理资料分析的基础上,明确鄂尔多斯盆地延长组具有利于浅水辫状河三角洲发育的大型坳陷湖盆地质背景,形成的辫状河三角洲具有粒度较粗、塑性岩屑较多、成分和结构成熟度较低、发育交错层理和间断正韵律、水下分支河道多叉、砂厚、延伸远等沉积特征。鄂尔多斯盆地浅水辫状河三角洲沉积时期,沉积区距物源区相对较近,河道宽深比较大,发育浅水沉积构造和沉积韵律,构造活动和湖平面变化共同控制了三角洲的发育,形成了"小平原、大前缘"的浅水辫状河三角洲沉积体系。 相似文献
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惠民凹陷是渤海湾地区新生代断陷盆地之一，西部地区老第三系发育完整。三角洲是最重要的沉积体系和油气聚集的有利地带，三角洲型砂岩体是研究区主要的油气储集体。沙河街组三段自下而上发育完整的深湖相－前三角洲亚相（泥页岩或浊积扇）－三角洲前缘亚相（砂岩体）－三角洲平原亚相（砂岩体）巨旋回沉积序列。本文阐述了区内沙河街期发育的若干个三角洲体系的亚、微相构成和沉积特征，重点研究了三角洲型砂岩体以及与其成因相关的浊积岩体的分布，发育样式，揭示了惠民凹陷老第三系沙河街组三段三角洲体系的形成，演化规律以及时空上和其他成因相关沉积体系的共生特征。 相似文献
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松辽盆地十屋断陷沉积特征与油气前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
唐黎明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2002,32(4)
十屋断陷沉积特征表现为近物源、粗碎屑快速沉积,冲积扇、扇三角洲、湖底扇与深水湖组合构成了特有的"扇-湖"沉积面貌,正常三角洲缺乏.断陷沉积发展经历了早期充填、中期扩张、晚期萎缩3个阶段:早期充填阶段发育有冲积扇、辫状河及成煤沼泽;中期扩张阶段沉积特征为深水湖泊与湖底扇、扇三角洲组合;晚期萎缩阶段为浅湖与三角洲、湖岸洪泛平原组合.良好的沉积盆地类型决定了丰富的生油气物质基础,众多的沉积体系构成了多样化的复合圈闭,因此十屋断陷具有良好的找油气前景. 相似文献
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板桥凹陷位于黄骅坳陷中北部，沙三段是区内的主要生储油岩系。根据沉积环境、沉积特征及重矿物组合分布特征分析，板桥凹陷沙三段沉积期在湖盆的陡岸发育冲积扇-扇三角洲-深水浊积扇-深湖沉积体系以及近岸水下扇-深湖沉积体系，不同的物源区通过边界断层的运动控制着沉积体系的发育。在盆地的裂陷兴盛期，北部燕山褶皱带物源经过北唐凹陷和海河断层，于长芦一带形成扇三角洲，并进一步向板桥凹陷中央推进，形成板桥深水浊积扇沉积体；西北部的沧县隆起物源则沿着不同的入口，在沧东大断裂下降盘形成近岸水下扇和扇三角洲，它们也可进一步向凹陷深处推进而形成深水浊积体。应用沉积体系分布与油气聚集的规律，处于沉积体系的中间相带的扇三角洲和深水浊积扇，具有良好的油气生储组合，是断陷湖盆中有利的勘探目标。 相似文献
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全新世我国华南沿海广泛发育障壁海岸,此环境下发育独特的障壁海岸三角洲沉积.基于对潮汕地区的现代地质考察,并总结前人的研究认识,得出该地区韩江三角洲形成演化的主要控制因素为海平面变化、障壁-潟湖体系、河流搬运能力;明确了不同时期三角洲演化的特征及砂体的展布规律;然后,结合螺河三角洲和万宁小海的发育特点,划分出障壁海岸三角洲演化的三大阶段,即形成期:障壁-潟湖体系形成,潟湖内开始形成三角洲;发展期:潟湖内水体稳定,三角洲前积较快,障壁沙坝向海迁移;改造期:潟湖逐渐消失,沉积物开始在障壁沙坝外侧沉积,三角洲向海推进;最后,建立了潮汕地区早期潟湖内河流作用为主、后期障壁外多种动力共同作用下的障壁海岸三角洲的沉积模式. 相似文献
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川中地区须五段—须六段浅水三角洲沉积特征与模式 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
针对川中地区须五段—须六段,在大量露头观察、岩心描述基础上,结合测井和地震分析,认为研究区为典型的浅水三角洲。根据煤岩产状、砂岩中植物颈干与碎片、河道底部冲刷程度、滞留沉积类型、层理类型等特征将浅水三角洲划分为上三角洲平原、下三角洲平原、三角洲前缘及前三角洲4种亚相。并在此基础上,建立了两种浅水三角洲模式:一种为以须五段为代表的低物源供给浅水三角洲沉积模式;另一种为以须六段为代表的高物源供给浅水辫状河三角洲沉积模式。低物源供给型的下三角洲平原发育的煤是良好烃源岩,高物源供给型的下三角洲平原分流河道及决口沉积为优质储层发育相带,两者匹配,构成良好的生储组合,是岩性油气藏勘探的重点区块。 相似文献
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The Middle Devonian Gauja Formation in the Devonian Baltic Basin preserves tide‐influenced delta plain and delta front deposits associated with a large southward prograding delta complex. The outcrops extend over 250 km from southern Estonia to southern Lithuania. The succession can be divided into 10 facies associations recording distributary channel belts that became progressively more tide influenced when traced southwards towards the palaeo‐shoreline, separated by muddy intra‐channel areas where deposition was characterized by crevasse splays, delta plain lakes, abandoned channel deposits and tidal gullies. Tidal currents influenced deposition over the entire delta plain, extending up to 250 km from the contemporary shoreline. Tidal facies on the upper delta plain differ from those on the lower delta plain and delta front. In the former case, deposition from river currents was only occasionally interrupted by tidal currents, e.g. during spring tides, resulting in mica and mudstone drapes, and distinctive graded cross‐stratification. The lower delta plain was dominated by tidal facies and tidal currents regularly influenced deposition. There was a change from progradation to aggradation from the lower to the upper part of the Gauja Formation coupled with a vertical decrease in tidal influence and a decrease in coarse‐grained sediment input. The Gauja Formation contrasts with established models for tide‐influenced deltas as the active delta plain was not restricted by topography. The shape of the delta plain, the predominant southward (basinward)‐directed palaeocurrents, and the thick sandstone succession, show that although tidal currents strongly influenced deposition at bed scale, rivers still controlled the overall morphology of the delta and the larger‐scale bedforms. In addition, there are no signs of wave influence, indicating very low wave energy in the basin. The widespread tidal influence in the Devonian Baltic Basin is explained by changes in the wider basin geometry and by local bathymetrical differences in the basin during progradation and aggradation of the delta plain, with changes in tidal efficiency accompanying the change in basin geometry produced by shoreline progradation. 相似文献
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Synrift stratigraphic geometry in a transfer zone coarse-grained delta complex, Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse‐grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial‐fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow‐marine mouth‐bar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth‐bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilbert‐type foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp‐derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth‐bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert‐type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert‐type and shoal‐water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional transfer zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull‐apart basin margin. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘神木地区浅湖三角洲沉积作用及煤聚集 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘延安组含有大量的优质煤,属稳定大地构造条件下的浅湖三角州沉积物。三角洲体系有以下单元组成:(1)前三角洲;(2)三角洲前缘(水下分流河道相和河口坝相);(3)三角洲平原(分流河道相,天然堤、决口扇、沼泽和具决口三角洲的分流间湾);(4)废弃三角洲平原.通过详细的露头观察和岩心研究及沉积岩的地质填图工作,浅湖三角洲特征可归纳如下:(1)推进速度非常快、舌形体长而窄,间湾在其间发育,决口事件频繁发生;(2)前三角洲非常薄(0.2～0.5m),三角洲剖面几乎绝大部分由三角洲前缘和三角洲平原构成;(3)河口坝相由砂岩和泥岩互层组成;(4)水下分流河道砂岩厚度在0.5～3.5m范围内,被河口坝沉积物围绕;(5)在废弃三角洲平原中,由于极少沉积物带入沼泽,因此沉积了厚的低灰煤层。 相似文献
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WEIGUO LI JANOK P. BHATTACHARYA YIJIE ZHU DANIEL GARZA ERIC BLANKENSHIP 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):478-507
Delta asymmetry occurs where there is strong wave influence and net longshore transport. Differences in the morphology and facies architecture between updrift and downdrift sides of asymmetric deltas are potentially significant for exploration and exploitation of resources in this class of reservoirs. Although delta asymmetry has been recognized widely from modern wave‐influenced deltaic shorelines, there are few documented examples in the ancient record. Based on an integrated sedimentological and ichnological study, the along‐strike variability and delta asymmetry within a single parasequence (Ps 6) is documented in continuously exposed outcrops of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation near Hanksville in southern Utah. Two intra‐parasequence discontinuity surfaces are recognized which allow subdivision of the parasequence into three bedsets, marked as Ps 6‐1 to Ps 6‐3. Four facies successions are recognized: (i) wave/storm‐dominated shoreface; (ii) river‐dominated delta front; (iii) wave/storm‐reworked delta front; and (iv) distributary channel and mouth bar. Dips of cross‐strata within distributary‐mouth bars and shorefaces show a strong downdrift (southward) component. Ps 6‐3 predominantly consists of river‐dominated delta‐front deposits, whereas Ps 6‐1 and Ps 6‐2 show an along‐strike facies change with shoreface deposits in the north, passing into heterolithic, river‐dominated delta‐front successions south to south‐eastward, and wave/storm‐reworked delta‐front deposits further to the south‐east. Trace fossil suites correspondingly show distinct along‐strike changes from robust and diverse expressions of the archetypal Cruziana Ichnofacies and Skolithos Ichnofacies, into suites characterized by horizontal, morphologically simple, facies‐crossing ichnogenera, reflecting a more stressed, river‐dominated environment. Further south‐eastward, trace fossil abundance and diversity increase, reflecting a return to archetypal ichnofacies. The overall facies integrated with palaeocurrent data indicate delta asymmetry. The asymmetric delta consists of sandier shoreface deposits on the updrift side and mixed riverine and wave/storm‐reworked deposits on the downdrift side, similar to that observed in the modern examples. However, in contrast to the recent delta asymmetry models, significant paralic, lagoonal and bay‐fill facies are not documented in the downdrift regions of the asymmetric delta. This observation is attributed to a negative palaeoshoreline trajectory during delta progradation and subsequent transgressive erosion. The asymmetric delta was induced by net longshore transport from north to south. The forced regressive nature of the delta precludes significant preservation of topset mud. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地红山嘴地区三叠系克上组存在扇三角洲与辫状河三角洲这两类粗粒三角洲,其界定在油气沉积学领域一直备受关注,而基于岩相类型及其垂向组合特征的沉积作用研究,辅以砂体宏观展布规律将有助于这两类三角洲的判别。红山嘴地区克上组扇三角洲以发育各种交错层理砾岩相(Gi、Gt、Gp)与块状砾岩相(Gmm、Gcm、Gcs)为特点,而辫状河三角洲则发育各种砂岩相(St、Sp、Sm和Sh等);扇三角洲6种岩相组合显示其碎屑流与密度流沉积相对发育,韵律特征不明显,而辫状河三角洲的7种岩相组合均显示其牵引流沉积作用更为显著,且正韵律居多;坡度陡、物源足造就了扇三角洲“砂体发育而分布局限、切割叠置频繁”的沉积响应特点,辫状河三角洲则因坡度中等且物源供给弱而具有“砂体薄而广布、多为孤立式接触”的响应特点。 相似文献
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The combined volatile bases (ammonia, aliphatic amines, and possibly other bases), ammonia, amino acids, and polar hydrocarbons were prepared from the Murchison meteorite for isotopic analyses. The volatile bases were obtained by cryogenic transfer after acid-hydrolysis of a hot-water extract and analyzed by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The aliphatic amines present in this preparation comprise a mixture that includes both primary and secondary isomers through C5 at a total concentration of > or = 100 nmoles g-1. As commonly observed for meteoritic organic compounds, almost all isomers through C5 are present, and the concentrations within homologous series decrease with increasing chain length. Ammonia was chromatographically separated from the other volatile bases and found at a concentration of 1.1-1.3 micromoles g-1 meteorite. The ammonia analyzed includes contributions from ammonium salts and the hydrolysis of extractable organic compounds, e.g., carboxamides. Stable isotope analyses showed the volatile bases to be substantially enriched in the heavier isotopes, relative to comparable terrestrial compounds delta D < or = +1221%; delta 13C = +22%; delta 15N = +93%). Ammonia, per se, was found to have a somewhat lower delta 15N value (+69%) than the total volatile bases; consequently, a higher delta 15N (>93%) can be inferred for the other bases, which include the amines. Solvent-extractable polar hydrocarbons obtained separately were found to be enriched in 15N (delta 15N = +104%). Total amino acids, prepared from a hydrolyzed hot-water extract by cation exchange chromatography, gave a delta 15N of +94%, a value in good agreement with that obtained previously. Nitrogen isotopic data are also given for amino acid fractions separated chromatographically. The delta 15N values of the Murchison soluble organic compounds analyzed to date fall within a rather narrow range (delta 15N = +94 +/- 8%), an observation consistent with their formation, or formation of their precursors, by interstellar chemistry. 相似文献
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对重庆北碚上三叠统须家河组一段地层特征、岩性特征、沉积相及演化规律进行了系统研究。研究区须一段以灰色、褐灰色细砂岩及深灰色、灰黑色页岩、粉砂质泥（页）岩夹薄煤层为主,见炭化植物碎片及菱铁矿结核,砂岩类型主要为长石岩屑石英砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩,大型槽状交错层理、平行层理、水平层理及沙纹层理发育。综合分析认为研究区须一段属浅水三角洲沉积环境,包括三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲3种亚相,可进一步划分出水上（水下）分支河道、沼泽、支流间湾、河口砂坝等沉积微相。其垂向序列反映了沉积环境三角洲平原-三角洲前缘-前三角洲-三角洲平原的演化过程。 相似文献
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The Hazad Member (Middle Eocene) of the Ankleswar Formation in Cambay Basin, India, is traditionally reported as deltaic system. Present work documents three major facies associations, namely, (i) sandstone-rich upper delta plain (FA-1) deposits, (ii) sandstone-mudstone heterolithic lower delta plain–delta front (FA-2) deposits, and (iii) shale-dominated prodelta (FA-3) deposits, in an overall coarsening-up to fining-up succession. Tidalites are well preserved in FA-2 and are represented by laterally accreted tidal bundles, tidal beddings and vertically accreted tidal rhythmites, described from drill core samples in this communication. Laterally accreted tidal bundles with reactivation surfaces in sand-dominated heterolithic units indicate time-velocity asymmetry in subtidal condition. Tidal beddings and tidal rhythmites in mud-dominated heterolithic units, associated with asymmetric/symmetric ripple forms and desiccation cracks, indicate periodic subaerial emergence in intertidal flat depositional setting. Systematic analysis of the architecture of the tidalites in different parts of the basin signifies rapid shift in sedimentation from subtidal to intertidal flat within the lower delta plain. Transitions from prodeltaic to tidally (subtidal-intertidal) affected delta front to lower delta plain and fluvial-dominated upper delta plain depositional systems attest to high frequency transgressive-regressive cycles in response to changing accommodation, as a result of sea level fluctuations and basinal tectonisms in the Cambay Basin. 相似文献