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1.
中元古代晚期浅海高能沉积环境中的海绿石:以天津蓟县剖面铁岭组为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
海绿石是一种富钾、富铁的含水层状铝硅酸盐矿物,在沉积学领域常被作为一种普遍的指相矿物。多年研究的结果表明,现代海绿石主要形成在慢速、弱还原的较深水环境中,而且还可以作为"凝缩段"的识别标志之一。天津蓟县剖面中元古界铁岭组第二段灰岩中的海绿石,产在高能叠层石岩礁之中,主要以胶体形式富集在叠层石和均一石的边界上,代表较为典型的原地海绿石;较高的氧化钾含量(大于8%)而显示出高成熟海绿石的特点。很明显,铁岭组二段灰岩中的原地高成熟海绿石,不但不能作为"凝缩段"的识别标志,而且也不是长时间地层间断的产物。由于形成在正常高能浅海环境,而且处于中元古代末期,与现代沉积中的海绿石存在较大的差异,可能代表了中元古代末期的正常浅海还处于含氧量不够充分的弱还原状态,最终使铁岭组灰岩中的海绿石成为前寒武纪海绿石产出的一个典型代表,也间接的表明了在漫长的地质历史演变过程中海绿石产出的多样性特点。 相似文献
2.
天津蓟县剖面中元古界铁岭组叠层石岩礁中海绿石的产出特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海绿石作为一种特殊的指相矿物,长期以来受到地质学家的重视与研究.显生宙的海绿石,多年来研究的结果表明海绿石发育在慢速弱还原环境.而天津蓟县中元古界铁岭组叠层石岩礁中的海绿石,处于铁岭组二段的早期高水位体系域(EHST)中,以薄膜状形式产在叠层石柱体与柱体间泥晶的交界处,可能指示了一种特殊的海底胶结作用.独特的产出特征表明了前寒武纪(约1 000 Ma左右)的正常高能浅海环境似乎还处于一种氧气不充分的环境. 相似文献
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在内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗晚石炭世—早二叠世阿木山组第三段泥晶灰岩中发现有海绿石。对海绿石的微观特征分析表明,阿木山组海绿石呈团粒状结构,同时呈胶体产出于方解石周边,显示了原生海绿石的基本特点。电子探针的组分分析表明,阿木山组中的海绿石为高成熟度的海绿石。通过对不同地区和不同环境下海绿石的组分特征分析,建立了一种海绿石沉积的理想模式,同时揭示了阿木山组第三段海绿石化作用是在含氧量不够充分的弱还原状态下的正常浅海中进行的。本区阿木山组的下碎屑岩段和上灰岩段是在海水两进两退环境下的沉积,阿木山组灰岩中发现的海绿石则有可能代表了一个海进的开始。本区海绿石的发现及研究,对于进一步研究该区层序地层特征、地层格架及区域地层对比具有重要意义。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西部地区（简称“柴西地区”）新近系主要为陆源沉积岩,湖相碳酸盐岩亦广泛发育,其中藻灰岩的储集性和含油性最好。为进一步探究柴西地区新近系藻灰岩沉积特征及形成机制,主要通过详细的岩心和岩石薄片观察分析,对油泉子、黄瓜峁、南翼山、大风山等地新近系的藻灰岩进行研究。研究表明:1）柴西地区新近系藻灰岩主要有层纹石灰岩、叠层石灰岩和凝块石灰岩3种类型,以凝块石灰岩最发育。层纹石灰岩中纹层呈较连续且相互平行的水平纹层状,单个纹层最大厚度一般不超过0.5 m;叠层石灰岩主要有柱状叠层石灰岩和锥状叠层石灰岩2种类型,柱状叠层石在岩心上呈高宽比较小的灌木状,锥状叠层石则呈倾斜于地层面的指型密集簇状,叠层石最大单层厚度仅为0.25 m;凝块石灰岩在岩心上表现为表面粗糙的团块状,显微镜下藻凝块内部显微组构为不均匀的云雾状和海绵状。此外,有较多叠层石灰岩和凝块石灰岩呈不规则的砾屑状产出,且发育有明显的同生变形沉积构造。2）柴西地区新近系层纹石灰岩均为原地沉积,而叠层石灰岩和凝块石灰岩除原地沉积外,以原地垮塌沉积为主,以近原地滑塌沉积为次。3）柴西地区新近系藻灰岩同生改造有2个主要控制因素,一是藻灰岩与其基底灰质泥岩岩性硬度的差异,二是以底流为主、波浪为辅的水动力,次要因素为地震的振动、浅湖斜坡的坡度以及叠层石和藻凝块的倾斜生长等。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2016,(6):219-235
显生宙的海绿石主要形成于具低沉积速率的外陆架至上斜坡深水环境,而前寒武纪海绿石则多见于具高沉积速率的浅水环境。为揭示导致这种明显差别的主要环境控制因素,本文对华北中元古代铁岭组叠层石礁内发育的海绿石进行了包括野外观察、岩相学和XRD、SEM、EDS、ICP-MS分析在内的综合研究。据海绿石的分布位置和基质孔隙度特征,本文将铁岭组自生海绿石分为3种类型:类型Ⅰ产于孔隙最发育的叠层石柱和微晶基质交接带,类型Ⅱ位于较少孔隙的基质中,类型Ⅲ常见于致密的叠层石柱体内。这三种类型的海绿石都具有高且稳定的K_2O含量(平均8%),指示孔隙水具有高K~+离子浓度。从Ⅲ型至Ⅰ型海绿石,Fe_2O_3含量逐渐升高,而Al_2O_3含量逐渐降低,表明基质孔隙度对海绿石演化具有控制作用,海绿石的成熟度演化需要Fe的持续补充。由于叠层石碳酸盐岩明显缺乏陆源碎屑输入,因此Fe可能主要来自海水,要求存在很浅的Fe氧化还原界面,这也得到了碳酸盐岩中Ce异常证据的支持。我们认为多孔的基质、高K~+浓度以及次氧化海水条件是促进中元古代浅水海绿石沉淀和演化的重要环境因素。 相似文献
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作为微生物碳酸盐岩的主要类型之一,叠层石是微生物席的主要建造物已成为共识。天津蓟县中元古界铁岭组二段叠层石生物礁灰岩发育,其中的细粒叠层石被前人解释为微生物席捕获碳酸盐泥的微生物建造物,使得其既不同于现代叠层石,也不同于显生宙尤其是寒武纪的叠层石。更为特殊的是,这些叠层石中的海绿石和黄铁矿代表着2种特殊的矿化作用,其中研究区普遍产出的黄铁矿,作为硫酸盐还原细菌的产物,是了解古代微生物的窗口;而发育在高能浅海的海绿石,产出环境不同于现代海绿石,不能作为慢速沉积环境的指示矿物,亦不具有沉积间断的地质意义。2种矿化作用表明铁岭组叠层石是由沉淀作用而非捕获碳酸盐泥形成,这为了解中元古代叠层石的形成和特征提供了一些有益的线索。 相似文献
8.
作为微生物碳酸盐岩的主要类型之一,叠层石是微生物席的主要建造物已成为共识。天津蓟县中元古界铁岭组二段叠层石生物礁灰岩发育,其中的细粒叠层石被前人解释为微生物席捕获碳酸盐泥的微生物建造物,使得其既不同于现代叠层石,也不同于显生宙尤其是寒武纪的叠层石。更为特殊的是,这些叠层石中的海绿石和黄铁矿代表着2种特殊的矿化作用,其中研究区普遍产出的黄铁矿,作为硫酸盐还原细菌的产物,是了解古代微生物的窗口;而发育在高能浅海的海绿石,产出环境不同于现代海绿石,不能作为慢速沉积环境的指示矿物,亦不具有沉积间断的地质意义。2种矿化作用表明铁岭组叠层石是由沉淀作用而非捕获碳酸盐泥形成,这为了解中元古代叠层石的形成和特征提供了一些有益的线索。 相似文献
9.
厄瓜多尔奥连特盆地白垩系Napo组UT段发育一套分布广泛的富含海绿石的硅质碎屑岩,针对海绿石的岩相、矿物学、地球化学及时空属性进行分析,可以揭示海绿石的组分、成熟度、形成及成因类型,结合地质约束有助于理解其形成的沉积地质意义.利用偏光显微镜、X射线衍射、电子探针及Qemscan对海绿石矿物的岩相、矿物组成和主量元素进行系统地分析.暗绿色、呈弯曲玫瑰花状的海绿石具有高的K2O含量(平均值为8%,质量百分比),是形成于海相低沉积速率环境的高演化成熟型海绿石云母矿物或狭义范畴的海绿石.化学组分和时空属性揭示研究层段的海绿石经历了一定程度风暴流和/或潮汐流作用的搬运改造,属于层内准原地海绿石.UT段海绿石含量向上的增大趋势和成熟度的变化,以及横向上从盆地东部斜坡区埋深2~3 km到西部盆缘露头区相距约120 km的海绿石在形态和化学成分上具有相似性,指示其主要是层内准原地海绿石的特点.UT段垂向上海绿石含量增大的趋势同时反映外陆棚物源区原地海绿石向岸方向的短距离迁移,反映了相对海平面持续上升的海进过程;而且同时期海绿石平面上的广泛分布指示沉积时期的环境属于构造稳定的陆表海. 相似文献
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在河北秦皇岛柳江盆地鸡冠山新元古界青白口系长龙山组石英砂岩中发现有海绿石.对海绿石宏观特征分析表明,砂岩中海绿石的含量随着颗粒直径的减小而增大,含量大多为5％～20％.综合野外露头勘验、岩石薄片显微镜下观察和样品扫描电镜观察,对海绿石微观特征分析表明,长龙山组大多为晕边状和颗粒状,也可见其他形态,分析认为该区海绿石属于... 相似文献
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Shovan Lal Chattoraj Santanu Banerjee P. K. Saraswati 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(4):567-574
Glauconitic minerals are considered as one of the valuable input parameters in sequence stratigraphic analysis of a basin.
In the present study glauconitic minerals are reported from subtidal green shale facies in the lower part of the Late Paleocene-Early
Eocene Naredi Formation of western Kutch. On the basis of the foraminiferal assemblage the glauconite bearing beds are interpreted
to have formed in a mid shelf depositional settings of an unstable marine conditions. XRD studies confirm the glauconite mineralogy
of the green pellets and provide an estimation of glauconite maturity. Textural attributes of the glauconites confirm their
derivation by different degrees of alteration of precursor feldspar grains. Because of the authigenic origin and autochthonous
nature, these glauconites hold promise for understanding sequence stratigraphy of the Palaeogene succession of the western
Kutch. 相似文献
12.
徐州大北望寒武系徐庄组发育不同类型海绿石，为探讨不同类型海绿石的成因，基于海绿石的矿物学、地球化学及沉积环境分析，利用偏光显微镜、X 射线衍射及电子探针等方法对各含海绿石岩层及不同类型海绿石进行系统对比研究查明海绿石的指相意义。结果表明，徐庄组发育颗粒状、碎屑假象状和胶团状三种类型海绿石，其中颗粒状海绿石具有中—高含量钾、高含量铁、砂岩中—高含量铝、石灰岩中低含量铝等特征；碎屑假象状海绿石具有变化大的钾、铁、铝，且保持着其母质形态特征；胶团状海绿石具有高钾、高铁、低铝特点。颗粒状海绿石成因符合颗粒绿化理论，砂岩中海绿石易受环境影响；碎屑假象状海绿石成因符合层状晶格理论及假象替代理论，受到交代和溶蚀作用，因受较强的水动力条件影响成分变化较大；胶团状海绿石是凝胶状海绿石通过胶结作用沉淀，形成于稳定环境中。 相似文献
13.
This study presents geochemical characteristics of glauconites in estuarine deposits within the Maastrichtian Lameta Formation in central India. Resting conformably over the Bagh Group, the Lameta Formation consists of ~4-5 m thick arenaceous, argillaceous and calcareous green sandstones underlying the Deccan Traps. The sandstone is friable, medium-to coarse-grained, well-sorted and thoroughly crossstratified, and contains marine fossils. Detailed petrography, spectroscopy and mineral chemistry indicates unique chemical composition of glauconite with high K_2O, MgO, Al_2O_3 and moderate TFe_2O_3. Glauconite is formed by the replacement of K-feldspars, initially as stringers in the cleavages and fractures of feldspars. Incipient glauconite subsequently evolves fully, appearing as pellets. Fully-evolved glauconite pellets often leave tiny relics of K-feldspar. XRD exhibits characteristic peak of 10A from basal(001)reflection of glauconite, indicating the "evolved" character. The K_2O content of glauconites in the Lameta Formation varies from 5.51% to 8.29%, corroborating the "evolved" to "highly-evolved" maturation stage.The TFe_2O_3 content of glauconite varies from 12.56% to 18.90%. The PASS-normalized-REE patterns of glauconite exhibit a "hat-shape" confirming the authigenic origin of glauconites. The slightly-negative to slightly-positive Ce anomaly value and the moderate TFe_2O_3 content of glauconite agree well with a suboxic,estuarine condition. The replacement of K-feldspar by the glauconite contributes towards the high K_2O content. Compositional evolution of glauconites in the Lameta Formation is similar to those observed in many Precambrian sedimentary sequences. 相似文献
14.
本文对陕北三叠系延长群延长油层中的海绿石——延长海绿石进行了分析研究。结果表明,延长海绿石的矿物学特征与一般海绿石相同,其扩展层含量19%,属于无序低钾云母型结构。碳同位素及微量元素分析表明,延长海绿石系陆相淡水-半咸水湖泊环境下的自生矿物,延长海绿石存在于湖泊三角洲前缘远沙坝或三角洲间湖湾的粉-细砂岩中,也常与自生黄铁矿共生,其形成时水深为50-100m。海绿石的存在指示着该处为弱还原环境,对于成油较为有利。因此,在陆相湖泊三角洲环境中,也应当建立海绿石地球化学相。 相似文献
15.
Robert J. Horodyski 《Precambrian Research》1976,3(6):517-536
Calcareous stromatolites of the upper Siyeh Limestone (ca. 1.1 ° 109 years old) were studied in the central part of Glacier National Park, Montana. The stromatolites, mound- and dome-shaped structures deposited in a shallow, generally submerged, tidally influenced setting, were formed by a combination of in situ carbonate precipitation and organic stabilization of detrital material. Well-developed, 1–4 cm diameter, branched columns occur in a single stromatolite bed.Physical factors, including the size and shape of sediment-surface irregularities upon which the stromatolites developed, the rate of sedimentation between stromatolites, and the water depth, played a major role in controlling stromatolite macrostructure. Deposition of non-organically stabilized detritus on stromatolite growth surfaces inhibited the development of small-diameter columns by smoothing over developing growth features. Columnar structures are absent in stromatolites that contain abundant non-organically stabilized sediment. In contrast, they are well-developed in a stromatolite bed that is relatively deficient in such material.“Molar-tooth” structures are common in the impure dolomitic limestones, and the abundant sheet-shaped forms appear to be sparry-calcite-filled syneresis cracks. 相似文献
16.
Some minerals are considered to be representative of specific natural environments. Among them glauconite is considered to be formed in marine deep platform conditions. However, the term glauconitic is misused to designate green minerals formed in marine outer-shelf environments. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses of individual green materials were carried out leading to the identification of glauconite in the Purbeckian facies. Green glauconite grains predominantly occur as burrow fills and occasionally as faecal pellet replacements. Two depositional environments have been identified from bottom to top of the succession: (1) an argillaceous dolomitic lagoonal sediment formed in saline, shallow water; (2) a marl-limestone alternation deposited in a brackish water estuary. The crystallochemical properties of the glauconites change abruptly. These findings show that glauconite may form in coastal environments and not only in mid-shelf to upper deep water platform environments as classically assumed. Moreover, the glauconite composition changes with the chemical conditions imposed by the local environment. 相似文献
17.
Santanu Banerjee Shovan Lal Chattoraj P. K. Saraswati Somnath Dasgupta Urbashi Sarkar Adam Bumby 《Geological Journal》2012,47(4):357-371
An integrated study of the sedimentology, micropalaeontology, mineralogy and geochemistry of glauconites in the Oligocene Maniyara Fort Formation (western Kutch, India), has been undertaken. Authigenic glauconites, mostly of evolved type, formed within a back‐barrier lagoonal environment. Foraminifera help constrain the biostratigraphy and along with sedimentological evidence, provide information on the depositional conditions. Glauconite in the Maniyara Fort Formation occurs either as infillings within intra‐particle pores of larger foraminifers, or as an altered form of faecal pellets. X‐ray diffraction studies reveal the less mature nature of glauconite infillings compared to the glauconite pellets. Electron microprobe investigation confirms a relative enrichment of K2O and total Fe2O3 in the latter. Both varieties of glauconite formed by initial authigenic precipitation of K‐poor glauconite and subsequently matured by addition of potassium in the interlayer sites and fixation of total iron in the octahedral sites; calcium, magnesium and aluminum were released from the glauconite structure concomitantly. Alkaline conditions during the entire process of glauconite formation did not allow dissolution of foraminiferal tests. Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Maniyara Fort Formation glauconites are more similar to deep marine glauconites than those reported from other shallow or marginal marine settings. A low negative cerium anomaly, as well as abundant pyrite, suggests formation of glauconite in sub‐oxic micro‐environments, created by decay of organic matter associated with foraminiferal chambers and faecal pellets. Sub‐oxic condition apparently prevailed relatively longer within the Maniyara Fort Formation lagoons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献