共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Matching gasification technologies to coal properties 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The gasification of coal to produce hydrogen for use either in power generation or/and for synthesis applications and transport is attracting considerable interest worldwide. Three types of generic gasifiers (entrained flow, fluidised bed and fixed bed gasifiers) presently in use in commercial gasification plants or under development worldwide are described. Their suitability for processing all types of coals is discussed. This includes an assessment of the impact of some of the major properties of coal on the design, performance and maintenance of gasification processes. 相似文献
2.
从“构造热事件”分析阜新盆地多能源矿产共存成藏 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阜新盆地煤、煤层气、石油、致密砂岩气、地热等多种能源矿产的分布和成藏受到盆地构造热演化的控制。纵向上，煤和煤层气主要集中在盆地上部地层，石油和致密砂岩气主要集中在盆地中部地层，地热主要集中在盆地底部地层。平面上，石油位于盆地中部和中南部，致密砂岩气位于盆地中部的东梁构造带，煤炭全盆地均有分布，主要可采煤层位于盆地中部，煤层气位于盆地中部，地热位于盆地中部的东梁构造带。盆地构造热演化与能源矿产的时空配置表明，盆地的构造热演化控制了盆地能源矿产的成藏，煤是多能源矿产重要的物质来源，盆地多能源矿产成藏顺序依次为：煤→石油→致密砂岩气→煤层气→地热。综合以上特征，阜新盆地多能源矿产的联合勘探开发应以东梁构造带、清河门—艾友构造带、王营—刘家构造带为主要勘探区域进行。 相似文献
3.
Hydrogen from coal gasification: An economical pathway to a sustainable energy future 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it does not occur naturally in large quantities or high concentrations on Earth. Hydrogen must be produced from other compounds such as fossil fuels, biomass, or water and is therefore considered an energy carrier like electricity. Gasification of carbonaceous, hydrogen-containing fuels is an effective method of thermal hydrogen production and is considered to be a key technology in the transition to a hydrogen economy. However, for gasification to play a major role during the transition period, capital and operating cost must be reduced and reliability and performance must be improved.Analyses show that hydrogen produced from coal-based gasification can be competitive with production from natural gas provided the cost of natural gas remains above $4/106 Btu and the high reliability of gasification-based processes can be demonstrated. But for coal to be considered in a carbon-constrained environment, the cost of natural gas would have to be greater than $5.50/106 Btu. The development of advanced technologies, however, offers the potential for significant reductions in capital costs, improved thermal efficiencies, and increased reliability. If these advanced technologies are capable of achieving their goals, the cost of producing hydrogen from coal could be reduced by 25–50%, even with the capture and sequestration of CO2. With these reductions, the cost of natural gas would have to be less than $2.50/106 Btu to compete, a scenario that is very unlikely to occur in the future. This potential cost reduction provides considerable impetus for continuing research and development in the production of hydrogen from coal. 相似文献
4.
Coalbed methane: From hazard to resource 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Coalbed gas, which mainly consists of methane, has remained a major hazard affecting safety and productivity in underground coal mines for more than 100 years. Coalbed gas emissions have resulted in outbursts and explosions where ignited by open lights, smoking or improper use of black blasting powder, and machinery operations. Investigations of coal gas outbursts and explosions during the past century were aimed at predicting and preventing this mine hazard. During this time, gas emissions were diluted with ventilation by airways (e.g., tunnels, vertical and horizontal drillholes, shafts) and by drainage boreholes. The 1970's ‘energy crisis' led to studies of the feasibility of producing the gas for commercial use. Subsequent research on the origin, accumulation, distribution, availability, and recoverability has been pursued vigorously during the past two decades. Since the 1970's research investigations on the causes and effects of coal mine outbursts and gas emissions have led to major advances towards the recovery and development of coalbed methane for commercial use. Thus, coalbed methane as a mining hazard was harnessed as a conventional gas resource. 相似文献
5.
我国煤层气资源非常丰富。在煤矿区,煤层气(瓦斯)开发具有增加洁净能源供给、提高煤矿安全生产保障能力、减少温室气体排放等多重效益。地面钻井开发与井下钻孔抽采是煤矿区煤层气(瓦斯)开发的基本途径,同时也是煤矿区应急救援的主要手段。本文介绍了煤矿区地面煤层气开发新技术装备,大直径钻孔施工技术与装备及井下中硬、松软煤层和岩层瓦斯抽采钻孔成孔技术与装备。在此基础上分析了在新形势下煤矿区煤层气（瓦斯）抽采钻孔成孔技术和装备发展需求,为我国煤矿区煤层气（瓦斯）钻孔成孔提供借鉴。 相似文献
6.
二氧化碳注入煤层多用途研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了减轻环境污染,提高煤层气产率,增加能源储备,根据煤层气地质学和生物气的基本理论,提出二氧化碳(CO2)注入煤层多种用途这一新观点。研究结果显示:煤对CO2具有很强的吸附能力,可将煤层作为CO2的储集层;煤具有优先吸附CO2而滞后吸附甲烷(CH4)的特性,向煤层注入CO2可大大提高煤层气的采收率;产甲烷菌具有利用CO2生成CH4的能力,新生成的CH4成为能源储备的有益补充。可见,CO2注入煤层不仅可有效减少温室气体的排放,强化煤层甲烷产出,而且为新能源生物CH4的生成提供了基质。 相似文献
7.
Sasol has been operating the Sasol–Lurgi fixed bed coal gasification process for more than fifty years, and with ninety seven units in operation still remains the world's largest commercial application of this technology. The combined operational and engineering expertise vested in Sasol represents a formidable capability in the field of coal and gasification science. Coal is a crucial feedstock for South Africa's unique synfuels and petrochemicals industry, and is used by Sasol as a feedstock to produce synthesis gas (CO and H2) via the Sasol–Lurgi fixed bed dry bottom gasification process.South Africa, as well as many other countries in the world, will for many years to come rely on its abundant coal resources for energy and specifically for the production of petrochemical products. Synthesis gas production through gasification is growing at a rate of approximately 10% per annum [Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory and the Gasification Technologies Council, 2000. Gasification: Worldwide use and acceptance. Contract DE-AMO1-98FE65271], indicating that gasification is definitely not a dying technology. The Sasol plants located in Secunda and Sasolburg (South Africa) gasify > 30 million tons per annum of bituminous coal to synthesis gas, which is converted to fuels and chemicals via the Fischer–Tropsch process. The production of chemicals is currently the dominant application for synthesis gas, followed by power generation, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and gaseous fuels.Sasol–Lurgi gasifiers are extremely robust devices, and coal from sources with widely varying properties (e.g. ash content < 10% to as high as 35% or “brown coal” with moisture content of approximately 30%) can be gasified provided that certain operational changes are implemented. Other properties, like high caking propensity for example, require blending to acceptable levels and /or mechanical modifications. Interpretation of coal characterization data gives an indication of expected gasifier performance and the suitability of a specific coal source for Sasol–Lurgi Fixed Bed Gasification process. It is therefore critically important to gain an accurate and fundamental understanding of the properties and expected behavior of the targeted coal feedstock in order to (1) prepare a suitable conceptual flow scheme and (2) to maximize the eventual probability of success in any proposed gasification venture and (3) to optimize the operation and profitability of existing plants and (4) effectively address the environmental aspects.It is the view of the authors that fixed bed gasification technology has a bright future in the areas mentioned above and that Sasol has a unique role in the future application and commercialization of gasification technology globally. The unique skills of Sasol could however be complementary to those of other parties who share our view on the future of gasification and related technologies. 相似文献
8.
For the coal industry to remain competitive into the 21st century, particularly if coal prices remain low, it is incumbent upon the industry to understand their products and use this knowledge to improve the efficiency, environmental performance and safety with which their products are mined, processed and used. A full understanding of coal characterisation empowers the user to achieve these goals. Areas where coal characterisation is of crucial importance include integrated gasification and combined cycle (IGCC) combustion, metallurgical uses, gasification, extraction of coal bed methane and liquefaction. Future coal characterisation research avenues are reviewed. For this understanding to be achieved, radical new analytical methods that are cost effective, avoid subjective judgement, can provide prompt online measurements and are meaningful in terms of performance prediction will be required. Examples of emerging technologies are presented. Visualisation of coal quality data and the coal chain has always been important to the coal mining community. Methods of building and maintaining databases, and simulating such data are reviewed. 相似文献
9.
10.
沁水盆地南部15号煤层顶板灰岩特征对煤层气开采的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
煤层顶板的含水性对煤层气的开采有重要影响。沁水盆地南部上石炭统太原组15号煤层直接或间接顶板多为灰岩,其中以K2灰岩为主,连续分布。顶板泥岩较少,呈零散分布。灰岩的富水性对煤层气的排水降压有影响。因此,主要从灰岩的厚度展布、裂隙发育、与煤层的接触关系以及区域水文地质条件讨论其含水性对煤层气产能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)灰岩的含水性一般较弱,但当遇到断层或岩溶陷落柱较发育的部位,可能与其他含水层沟通,富水性较强。(2)15号煤层顶板灰岩的厚度与煤层气井的产水量并无直接关系,其裂隙较发育,但大多被方解石充填,导水和储水性能较差。(3)灰岩与15号煤层的接触关系有两种:一种是直接接触型,灰岩直接覆于15号煤层之上;另一种是间接接触型,灰岩与15号煤之间夹有泥岩、砂岩或14号煤层。直接接触型煤层气井的产水量、产气量比间接接触型高。间接接触型15号煤层直接顶板的岩性、厚度对产气、产水都没有太大影响。 相似文献
11.
张家口宣东矿是一个高瓦斯矿井。为了查明矿井煤层气赋存规律及其变化原因,通过大量勘查钻孔及井巷揭露资料,深入研究了辉绿岩体侵入时代、产状特征及空间分布,分析了煤层煤质及煤层气变化规律,探讨了辉绿岩对煤层气的影响。结果表明:宣东矿辉绿岩以岩床形式侵入到侏罗纪下花园煤系中,导致本区异常古地热力场的形成,促使煤层发生区域热变质作用;煤的热演化变质作用是其发生二次生烃演化的直接原因,而这种生烃作用是影响本区煤层含气性的关键因素,它促进了煤层气的形成,且本区煤类及煤层气的分布特征与辉绿岩床的赋存特征很吻合;辉绿岩床形成良好的盖层,封闭了煤层气的逃逸通道,对煤层气的后期保护和富集提供了条件。 相似文献
12.
扩散是煤层甲烷运移的关键环节之一,而目前有关煤层中甲烷扩散特征的认识并不充分.以沁水盆地南部高煤阶煤层气藏为例,应用微纳渗流力学理论分析了煤基质中气体扩散模式及定量表征参数;应用Simed软件开展了扩散性能对不同煤体结构煤层气排采规律的影响数值研究.结果表明:煤层甲烷的扩散受化学势梯度的驱动,产气过程中体相扩散、努森扩散和构型扩散模式并存且呈动态变化;甲烷扩散性能受气体温度、压力、气体种类、水分以及基质孔隙结构共同影响,基质孔隙吸附甲烷会改变微孔孔径并影响扩散路径的空间形态;煤基质中甲烷的扩散是非热力平衡过程,扩散系数是吸附量的函数.基于拟稳态扩散的数值研究表明,扩散性能强弱对于长期累计产气量几乎没有影响,而对短期产气速率具有较大的影响;扩散性能弱的,产气速率峰值较低,但峰值之后的一段时间内产气速率相对较高;与高渗煤层相比,低渗构造煤层的产气速率对吸附时间常数更敏感. 相似文献
13.
A theoretical model for gas adsorption-induced coal swelling 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
Swelling and shrinkage (volumetric change) of coal during adsorption and desorption of gas is a well-known phenomenon. For coalbed methane recovery and carbon sequestration in deep, unminable coal beds, adsorption-induced coal volumetric change may cause significant reservoir permeability change. In this work, a theoretical model is derived to describe adsorption-induced coal swelling at adsorption and strain equilibrium. This model applies an energy balance approach, which assumes that the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the elastic energy change of the coal solid. The elastic modulus of the coal, gas adsorption isotherm, and other measurable parameters, including coal density and porosity, are required in this model. Results from the model agree well with experimental observations of swelling. It is shown that the model is able to describe the differences in swelling behaviour with respect to gas species and at very high gas pressures, where the coal swelling ratio reaches a maximum then decreases. Furthermore, this model can be used to describe mixed-gas adsorption induced-coal swelling, and can thus be applied to CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery. 相似文献
14.
为了建立断陷盆地的低煤阶煤层气成藏模式,从二连盆地群的霍林河盆地地质条件与煤层气地质特征入手,探讨该类盆地煤层气富集规律。研究结果显示:霍林河盆地煤层厚度可达80 m,煤层含气量为1.6~5.62 m3/t,瓦斯风化带深度为450~500 m;煤层的分布特征受同沉积构造与沉积环境控制,盆地内部小型凹陷与隆起决定着煤层的发育位置和煤层埋藏深度,基底的整体抬升确定了瓦斯风化带的位置;翁能花向斜与西南部向斜处,煤层厚度和埋藏深度均较大,煤层顶底板岩性为泥岩,其受到后期构造影响小,是煤层气成藏的有利地带。 相似文献
15.
矿井瓦斯突出的三要素是煤体结构、瓦斯含量和瓦斯压力。煤及煤层气地面勘查阶段可以获取煤体结构描述、煤层（总）气含量、甲烷含量、煤层气自然解吸速率和衰减系数、煤层压力、地应力、煤层渗透率等参数。地面钻孔与煤矿井下测取这些参数的方法和原理虽然存在差异,但这些参数都是煤层原地物性特征的反映,故应该利用地面钻孔的实测数据和资料,广泛收录、整理对预测瓦斯突出有益的信息。建议在地质勘查阶段查明瓦斯突出三要素,将预防瓦斯灾害工作从地质勘查的源头做起。 相似文献
16.
瓦斯的危害和煤层气的利用,不断在推进着瓦斯地质理论、煤层气开发利用技术的进步和发展。在以往的诸多研究中,不论是防治瓦斯的危害还是着眼于煤层气的利用,甲烷都是研究的重点。但是,除甲烷之外,还有没有其它影响或控制瓦斯危害和煤层气利用的组分或因素呢？煤层气（瓦斯）联测氢气的方法和应用研究,就是循着这一思路而做的探索性工作。 相似文献
17.
宁东煤田侏罗纪煤炭资源量巨大,是当前宁夏回族自治区煤炭资源开发利用的主体。为保障煤炭资源的清洁高效利用,以煤田大量勘查资料为主要依据,分析了宁东煤田侏罗纪煤的煤岩、煤质特征。结果显示:宁东煤田侏罗纪煤具有特低-低灰、特低-低硫、低磷、低砷、低氟、高发热量的特征,这些特征表明其为高清洁度动力用煤;同时还具有中高挥发分、较高氢碳原子比、焦油产率较低（普遍<7%）及富惰质组等特征表明不适于直接液化用或提取煤焦油。无黏结性、较低水分产率、较高的与二氧化碳反应性（950℃）、煤灰熔融温度,表明其适于气化,且以水煤浆气流床和干煤粉气流床为宜。综合认为研究区煤炭资源的清洁高效利用方式为动力用煤,气化用煤及以气化为基础的间接液化用煤。 相似文献
18.
阜新刘家区煤层气地质因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘家区具有丰富的煤炭资源和较高的煤层气含量，因此被列为煤层气开发的重点靶区。根据刘家区煤层气勘探与开发的实际，论述了有关地质因素对煤层气开发的影响。认为在诸多的地质因素中，岩浆岩、地质构造、水文地质、围岩是主要地质因素。 相似文献
19.
煤层节理在煤层中普遍发育, 它不仅是矿井构造研究的重要内容, 同时也是极其重要的工程地质因素。煤层节理影响煤层的结构构造和物性特征, 从而影响煤层采落特征、顶板工程性质、瓦斯运移规律和煤层气储运采工程地质条件。研究掌握煤层节理几何和力学特征, 可指导井巷工程布置、采掘工艺的选择、安全措施的采用和煤层气开发方案的制定。 相似文献
20.
红墩子矿区位于银川市黄河以东,矿区面积较大,煤炭资源量可观。从煤的物理性质、煤岩特征、煤的化学性质和工艺性能等方面分析,认为矿区的煤具有高挥发分、中—高灰、低—高硫、低磷、中热值、中—强粘结,高热稳定性、高软化温度灰、较难磨、较难选的特点,煤类为气煤,原煤或浮选后的精煤可作为炼焦用煤、动力用煤、气化用煤等。 相似文献