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1.

For large cross-section tunnel in horizontal layered rock mass, blasting excavation often causes serious overbreak and underbreak. In this study, blasting excavation tests of tunnel upper face were conducted, blast-induced excavation damage and the influence mechanisms of weak beddings and joints were analyzed based on the Panlongshan tunnel. In order to achieve fine excavation, the cut mode of “center holes and four-wedge cutting holes”, the blasthole pattern of “empty holes, long holes, short holes and additional relief holes”, the maximum single-hole charge and the air-deck charge structure were proposed. Compared with the damage characteristics, overbreak and underbreak, and deformations of surrounding rock before and after optimization, the latter was better in tunnel contour formation and surrounding rock stability. The results show that after optimization, the large-area separation of vault rock mass is solved, the step-like overbreak of spandrel rock mass is reduced and the large-size rock block and underbreak are avoided. The maximum linear overbreak of vault, spandrel, and haunch surrounding rock is decreased by 42.3%, 53.7% and 45.1%, respectively. The underbreak at the bottom of the upper face is reduced from ??111.5 to ??16.5 cm. The average overbreak area is decreased by 61.1%. The surrounding rock displacement after optimization finally converges to the smaller value. The arch crown settlement and the horizontal convergence of haunch are reduced by about 21.6% and 18.3%, respectively. Furthermore, from the completion of blasting excavation to the stabilization of surrounding rock, it takes less time by using the optimized blasting scheme.

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2.
构造应力场中的软岩客运专线双线隧道稳定性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
何本国  张志强  何川  王俊奇 《岩土力学》2012,33(5):1535-1541
以铁道部250 km/h客运专线标准断面双线隧道为对象,依托木寨岭高地应力软岩隧道工程,研究构造应力场条件下隧道变形特性、能量积聚、力学响应及塑性区规律。水平大主应力平行隧道轴线时,高能集中区和塑性区主要集中于边墙,掌子面前方围岩能量密度较小,掌子面挤出变形较大;水平大主应力垂直轴线时,高能集中区和塑性区主要分布在拱顶、仰拱及掌子面,掌子面前方围岩能量密度较大,挤压变形较小。研究表明:掌子面前方待开挖核心土体表现能量-位移正交性,而目前采用简单的挤出变形来判别掌子面稳定性,其合理性值得进一步商榷;规范给出“最大水平主应力与隧道轴线平行或小角度相交设计原则”,并不是对所有高地应力场都适用;锚杆在开挖初期有效促进临时“承载拱”的形成,使“压力拱”偏移至隧道轮廓附近,成为施工初期稳定的关键;锚杆降低边墙深部岩体切向应力峰值,随着掌子面推进,拱效应不断向深部岩体移动,形成动态压力拱。  相似文献   

3.
Himalayan fold belt has full of geological surprises, ‘mélange’ is one of them which create difficulties during tunneling. Such mélange completely went unnoticed during surface mapping and geotechnical investigation preceding the construction of the Udhampur railway tunnel (URT). During the construction, the mélange zone has encountered across the tunnel, which occurs along the Tanhal thrust (equivalent to MBT) that separates the Murree Group and the Shiwalik Group. The mélange was characterized by a chaotic, heterogeneous geological mixture of stronger blocks (scale independence) and weaker sheared fine-grained matrix, often termed as “block-in-matrix rocks” or bimrocks, which enforced mixed face tunneling. The heterogeneity in a tectonic mélange led to stress concentrations in the rock blocks, and there were relatively high deformations within the matrix also. Release of stress from the blocks due to excavation, with unfavorable joint and thrust orientations enforced brittle failure of the blocks (face and crown collapses) while matrix deformation (time dependent) caused convergence of primary support later. Additionally, the clay minerals with high swelling potential within the matrix swelled and created pressure on the primary support. Due to the geomechanical heterogeneity in mélange, homogenizing the rock-mass by the commonly used quantitative systems might have lead to an inappropriate design and construction. The adopted New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) proved to be an useful tool for tunneling.  相似文献   

4.
隧道掘进面接近地质界面时围岩的应力特征研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
隧道开挖地层中往往呈现出明显的地质变异性,如软硬岩层的不均匀分布等,使隧道开挖后的力学行为十分复杂.本文采用FLAC3D初步分析了隧道掘进面接近地质界面时围岩的应力状态,并探讨侧向应力、纵向应力、断面形式对围岩应力的影响规律.分析结果表明:当隧道由硬岩往软岩或由软岩往硬岩向地质界面掘进时,掘进面前方围岩均有应力集中现象.隧道无论由硬岩往软岩还是由软岩往硬岩掘进至地质界面时,掘进面前方边墙位置围岩径向应力均随侧向应力的增大而增大,掘进面前方拱顶和边墙位置围岩纵向应力均随纵向应力的增大而增大.马蹄彤隧道开挖至硬岩与软岩的地质界面时,掘进面后方边墙位置围岩应力均小于圆形隧道相应位置的围岩应力.  相似文献   

5.
为研究不同围压下深部复合地层岩体变形和破坏特征,结合地质赋存条件制作了类层状复合岩石试样,通过开展不同围压下的三轴压缩试验,研究了围压对水平层状复合岩体变形破坏特征的影响。试验结果表明:随着围压的不断增加,峰后偏应力-应变曲线的降低速率逐渐变缓,应变软化程度逐渐减弱;随着围压的增大,水平层状复合岩石的破坏形态呈现出明显差异,整体上破坏形态逐渐由脆性破坏向延性破坏过渡;在一定围压状态下,围压对软岩膨胀变形的约束效果相对硬岩较弱,导致水平层状复合岩石试样的软、硬分层之间的膨胀变形不协调,在层间黏结力作用下,软、硬分层之间发生相对错动现象。该研究成果对于施工单位预防深部复合地层隧道掘进机(TBM)工程灾害具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

6.
刘成禹  何满潮 《岩土力学》2014,35(4):1101-1109
以龙厦铁路象山特长隧道地质构造发育、埋深大于500 m段围岩压力及围岩变形的现场测试资料为依据,对大埋深隧道地质构造发育段围岩压力的特点、变形压力的形成机制等进行了研究。研究表明:大埋深隧道,结构面或褶曲、逆断层发育,但地下水不发育的地段,即使围岩强度较高,隧道开挖后仍可能出现较大的变形;围岩较大变形主要是由于在自重应力和残余构造应力作用下被挤密的结构面在隧道开挖后因侧向限制消除而张开、扩容引起的,受其影响,初期支护将受到较大的围岩变形压力。上述地段围岩压力具有下列特点:(1)地下水不发育区段的围岩压力比地下水发育区段的大;(2)隧道纵向发育向斜的区段,拱顶至拱腰段围岩压力最大,越趋向于向斜核部,拱顶围岩压力越大;(3)发育褶曲的断面,与褶曲轴线垂直方向的围岩压力较大;(4)发育逆断层的断面,与断层倾向相反侧的围岩压力较大,该侧断层面附近的围岩压力最大,对侧断层面附近的围岩压力最小;(5)下台阶的围岩压力比上台阶的小,两者的相对差随上、下台阶施工间隔时间的延长而增大。  相似文献   

7.
断层影响下隧道围岩变形监测与特征分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
断层等软弱结构面是隧道工程中经常遇到而又必须有效处理的不良地质体。诸多工程实践和有关研究均表明,隧道围岩的变形与破坏一般受断层等软弱结构面控制;而断层对于隧道围岩变形与破坏的影响程度及其机理仍是一个模糊问题。因此,对于断层影响下隧道围岩变形与破坏的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。黄河大柳树水利枢纽地处青藏褶皱系与阿拉善地块过渡带,区域断层发育,工程中的隧道大多为受断层影响的隧道。本文以黄河大柳树水利枢纽1号导流隧洞为例,对不同地段(根据断层的发育状况)在开挖过程中围岩变形的现场监测,试图对断层影响下隧道围岩变形特征与机理进行定量地深入分析。此外,为更准确监测隧道围岩变形,作者根据对该隧道变形特点的初步分析自行设计了监测仪器,即分点锚固式多点伸长计。这也是隧道工程监测技术的积极探索。  相似文献   

8.
高地应力软岩隧道围岩流变效应明显,形变压力导致的仰拱和边墙连接处的应力集中是导致隧道底鼓破坏的重要原因,合理的隧道断面形态有利于减小应力集中,保证隧道长期安全运营。在考虑软岩流变效应的情况下,以有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,通过Python编程实现隧道断面参数化设计和有限元计算,基于结合罚函数的Nelder-Mead函数建立隧道断面优化算法,并以隧道开挖面积,隧道最大仰拱隆起,围岩蠕变损伤区面积,衬砌最大轴力和衬砌最大弯矩为优化目标,对宜-巴(宜昌至巴东)高速峡口隧道断面形态进行优化,为高地应力软岩隧道断面设计提供科学指导。  相似文献   

9.
深部软岩巷道锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法研究   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
孙晓明  何满潮  杨晓杰 《岩土力学》2006,27(7):1061-1065
由于深部软岩巷道工程岩体介质已进入到塑性大变形阶段,其破坏主要是由于支护体与围岩之间的不耦合造成的,因此提出了锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法。与传统的线性参数设计不同,该方法在变形设计的基础上,针对最佳耦合过程进行强度设计,提出锚网索耦合支护参数,并在施工过程中通过反馈设计进行修正。与新奥法不同,采用该设计方法进行锚网索耦合支护既能充分发挥锚网主动支护浅部围岩的能力,又能通过锚索调动深部围岩强度的支护能力,从而可以实现软岩巷道支护体与围岩在强度上、刚度上和结构上的耦合,保证软岩巷道围岩的稳定性。  相似文献   

10.
Lining contact pressure and ground deformation of Raghadan transportation tunnel (Amman, Jordan) were investigated. The tunnel is 1.1 km in length and 13.5 m in diameter. This study was intended to integrate useful relations among the widely used rock classification system (RMR: rock mass rating), Hoek–Brown classification, and lining-ground interaction. The materials encountered along the tunnel alignment were limestone, dolomatic limestone, marly limestone, dolomite, and sillicified limestone. The ground conditions along the tunnel alignment including bedding planes, joint sets and joint conditions, rock quality, water flow, and rock strength were evaluated based on the drilled boreholes and rock exposures. Elasto-plastic finite element analyses were conducted to study the effect of rock mass conditions and tunnel face advance on the behavior of lining-ground interaction. The results of the analyses showed that lining contact pressure decreases linearly with the increase in RMR value. Also the results showed that tunnel lining contact pressure and crown inward displacement decreases with the increase in the unsupported distance (distance between tunnel face and the end of the erected lining). Ground displacement above the tunnel crown was found to be increases in an increasing rate with the decrease in the depth above the crown. This displacement was also found to be affected by the RMR value and the unsupported distance.  相似文献   

11.
为研究大断面软岩隧道掌子面变形规律及控制方法,基于新意法及非完整拱效应理论对雷公山隧道构造破碎区域掌子面大变形失稳机理进行分析,基于GSI围岩评级系统获得隧道围岩的力学参数,通过FLAC3D构建隧道三维数值模型,进行系列工况试验,研究隧道在非完整拱部效应时掌子面挤出位移及预收敛位移的变化特征,分析隧道掌子面预约束及预加固措施对大断面软岩隧道稳定性的影响。结果表明,掌子面处的挤出位移均在内轮廓中心处达到最大,并呈环形逐渐向外减小,超前核心土预加固在掌子面中心处对挤出位移及预收敛位移影响最为明显;隧道开挖在掌子面纵向造成的扰动范围约为1.2倍洞跨,在掌子面径向造成的扰动大约为1.5倍洞跨;根据计算结果提出掌子面加固措施,通过对隧道预收敛变形及挤出变形的监测分析,验证支护方案的可靠性,提出的掌子面预约束及预加固措施对大断面软岩隧道施工具一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

12.
The swelling phenomenon in tunneling is numerically modelled as a coupled hydraulic-mechanical process. The present communication focuses on the significance of the constitutive seepage flow equations, as well as on the importance of the hydraulic boundary conditions. The observed absence of swelling deformations at the tunnel walls and the crown can be explained as a consequence of varying hydraulic boundary conditions along the excavation boundary. According to the presented numerical results, the non-linearity of the unsaturated flow equations has a decisive qualitative influence on the predicted deformation field.  相似文献   

13.
节理岩体中隧道开挖与支护的数值模拟   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
刘君  孔宪京 《岩土力学》2007,28(2):321-326
由于节理、断层等不连续面的存在造成岩体变形的不连续性,并且这些不连续面对岩体变形、应力等力学行为造成重要影响。对已有的非连续变形分析程序进行了两点改进,应用改进的程序模拟了节理岩体中隧洞开挖与支护的过程,研究了不同节理倾角岩体的应力分布特性、开挖后隧洞围岩的变形和应力分布规律以及支护后衬砌的变形与应力特点。研究结果表明,节理倾角对节理岩体系统的应力和变形有着直接的影响,并且影响着隧洞开挖后的内空收敛效应;隧洞开挖顺序对围岩的变形和稳定也有重要影响。改进后的非连续变形分析方法和程序可以用来分析复杂节理岩体系统中隧洞的开挖与支护。  相似文献   

14.
小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
分岔隧道是一种新型隧道结构形式。以漆树槽分岔隧道为工程背景,进行了掘进爆破的围岩震动效应试验,通过不同掏槽结构下爆破震动作用隧道围岩衬砌质点振动速度的频谱分析与质点振动速度幅值的分布情况分析,对小间距公路隧道混凝土衬砌及其围岩在爆破地震波作用下的力学特征进行论述,重点研究了小间距隧道中隔墙及爆破掌子面的震动特性及变化规律。试验与分析结果表明,(1)中墙迎爆侧为振速峰值区,以水平径向振速最大,且沿着中墙走向呈现规律性变化;(2)掏槽孔爆破产生的地震效应最为强烈,其震动强度是扩槽眼和周边眼的2倍左右;(3)衬砌振速主振频率主要分布在低频段,以20~95 Hz为集中频段,高频地震波衰减极快;(4)同一测试断面中最大振速峰值出现在拱顶和边墙中部位置的概率最大,且大小比较接近,爆破掌子面附近的振速不适合萨道夫斯基预测公式,受爆破夹制及自由面的影响较大。  相似文献   

15.
以白鹤岭铁路隧道岩体边坡为例,在垂直边坡面的4条剖面上采集了不同变形和破坏状态岩石中的16个定向样品,测定了流体包裹体迹面(Fluid Inclusion Plane 简称为 FIP)特征参数(包括 FIP 的长度、形态、连通性、闭合性、粗糙度、交叉性质等参数)与包裹体热动力学参数(包括 FIP 中包裹体的均一温度、均一压力、包裹体流体密度、流体包裹体成分和氧逸度等参数)。同时,将样品中裂隙分布的分形维数作为描述岩石变形破坏状态的定量指标,采用反馈式逐步回归方法分析这些分形维数与所选7个 FIP 参数的定量关系。分析表明,影响岩体变形和破裂的主要微观参数包括两个 FIP 特征参数(即粗糙度系数和分布密度)和两个包裹体热力学参数(即水溶液包裹体均一温度和 CO_2-H_2O 包裹体均一温度)。由于岩体的变形和(或)破坏不仅可使 FIP 中包裹体成分泄漏、也会使 FIP 迹面特征参数和包裹体热动力学参数发生改变,因此,岩体边坡中流体包裹体参数的逐步回归分析结果对进一步研究岩体变形破坏过程与边坡稳定性将具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

16.
泡沫混凝土的单轴和三轴试验研究表明,泡沫混凝土具有较高压缩性和良好延性,可以作为深埋软岩隧道初期支护与二次衬砌之间预留变形层填充材料,分析了其对宜巴高速公路深埋软岩隧道长期稳定性的影响。研究表明,深埋软岩软岩隧道在二次衬砌施工之后依然会产生较大的蠕变变形,单纯依靠提高二次衬砌的厚度,并不能完全控制住围岩的蠕变变形,而且衬砌结构很容易由于变形压力过大而发生破坏。泡沫混凝土预留变形层,可以很好地吸收围岩蠕变变形,缓解二次衬砌承担的蠕变变形压力,减小衬砌的变形,改善其受力,采用厚度较小的二次衬砌即满足隧道长期运营的要求。  相似文献   

17.
A two-dimensional computational model is developed here in order to simulate the continuous advance of the Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Shield during the tunneling process in cohesive soils. The model is based on the combination of the plane strain “transverse–longitudinal” sections that can incorporate the three-dimensional deformation of the soil around and ahead of the shield face. This model is capable of prediciting the soil response due to the shield tunneling before the event, especially in soft ground conditions. An elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is based on the coupled theory of mixtures for inelastic porous media for finite deformation is used in this work to describe the time-dependent deformation of the saturated cohesive soils. The results of this model are compared with the in situ field measurements of the N-2 tunnel project excavated in 1981 in San Francisco using the EPB shield tunneling machine. Reasonable agreement is found between the observed field measurements and the predicted deformations of the soil using the proposed numerical simulation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
针对高应力软岩公路隧道的特点,对湖北宜巴高速公路峡口隧道开展了地应力测试、隧洞收敛下沉、接触应力、结构受力等项目的监测工作。地应力测试结果表明,虽然隧洞埋深不大,但由于构造应力的存在,仍属于高地应力区。施工监测结果表明,高应力软岩隧道变形与结构受力具有明显的时空效应,与开挖方式、工作面距离以及支护时机密切相关。由于隧洞围岩软弱破碎,加之处于高应力作用下,在工作面通过后,岩体产生持续性的流变变形,导致隧洞产生挤压大变形和结构受力的持续增加,达到支护结构强度极限,最终导致围岩失稳和支护体系的失效。基于上述研究成果,提出了相应的高应力软岩大变形支护设计对策。研究成果为高应力软岩隧道变形与结构受力的时空效应性提供了监测数据支持,为峡口隧道的施工和支护设计提供了依据,对我国西部其他高应力软岩公路隧道的建设具有借鉴意义  相似文献   

19.
为研究挤压地层双护盾隧道掘进机(TBM)作用下围岩变形及应力场特征,采用FLAC3D建立了完整模型,并详细阐述了隧道掘进机(TBM)施工过程中的模拟方法,重点分析了隧洞纵横断面内围岩位移场、应力场、塑性区特征。模拟结果表明,两腰下部范围内的围岩与TBM护盾发生接触并产生挤压,拱顶并未接触;受刀盘与护盾连接处的尺寸高差和前后护盾的锥度影响导致仰拱围岩内出现3次加卸载,仰拱内部环向应力和径向应力均大于拱顶和两腰,而且其主应力方向与径向线斜交,受扰动剧烈,但仰拱下方70°范围内的围岩基本处于弹性状态;横向断面内围岩塑性区自上而下逐渐减小,且距掌子面越远塑性区范围越大,但后盾塑性区范围变化不大。  相似文献   

20.
考虑累积损伤效应的围岩变形特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
罗忆  李新平  徐鹏程  董千  洪吉松 《岩土力学》2014,35(11):3041-2048
隧道爆破开挖诱发的动力扰动作用范围往往远大于其开挖进尺,同一部位围岩受到循环爆破开挖的多次扰动普遍存在累积损伤。对乌东德水电站左岸导流洞爆破开挖过程中的爆破振动和围岩变形监测进行了监测和数值分析,基于累积损伤理论,通过引入损伤判据及损伤变量,考虑计算中产生的不同程度的损伤区域的岩体参数劣化,并将劣化后的参数引入相应损伤单元进行后续开挖爆破数值模拟计算,从而对岩体爆破开挖累积损伤效应进行模拟。通过比较乌东德水电站导流洞的实测数据以及数值模拟计算结果发现,考虑累积损伤的计算结果无论是爆破振动速度还是围岩变形均更接近于实测值。对爆破开挖的分析模拟中应考虑围岩的多次循环爆破累积损伤效应。  相似文献   

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