共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
建立了横-竖立体加筋（H-V筋）地基的有限元模型,通过分析地基中的竖向应力分布、水平向位移分布以及筋-土界面相互作用,发现横-竖立体加筋地基中的竖向应力在筋材下方出现扩散和重分布,并逐渐向土体下部传递,使得土体中整体的应力分布更加均匀;同时,横-竖筋材中的竖筋类似于一个侧壁,其提供的垂直侧向力约束了介于竖筋间的土体,限制了土体的侧向水平位移,使得地基中筋材上部土体的侧向水平位移变小。基于有限元模拟对横-竖立体加筋地基加固机制的认识,将横-竖立体筋视为作用在地基上的一维弹性地基梁,通过弹性地基梁理论,根据弗拉曼解推导求解了横-竖立体加筋地基中任意一点竖向附加应力的计算表达式。将模型计算结果与有限元模拟所得结果进行对比发现两者吻合良好。 相似文献
2.
This paper investigates the settlement behaviour of a strip footing seating on the crest of an embankment and subjected to cyclic loading. The embankment fill is a dense sand and the issue is the gradual accumulation of settlement over a large number of load repetitions. Cyclic triaxial tests were first conducted to develop a consistent but simple material model for numerical implementation. Particular emphasis was placed on linking the stress-strain behaviour of an unload-reload cycle to the accumulation of permanent strain, with only five input parameters required to model the cyclic behaviour. The material model was implemented in a numerical analysis to compute the settlement behaviour obtained from model tests conducted by another researcher. It is pertinent to highlight that the same soil, compacted to same density at same moisture content, was used for both the cyclic triaxial tests and model tests. Reasonable to good agreement between the experimental and numerical results was achieved. 相似文献
3.
Numerical investigation of the stabilisation behaviour of shallow foundations under alternate loading 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hendrik Sturm 《Acta Geotechnica》2009,4(4):283-292
This article presents a stability criterion for shallow foundations on sand for various loading conditions. By means of laboratory
model tests, a behaviour called self-healing is shown. Numerical simulations of these tests prove the suitability of the employed numerical model. Based on this validation,
a numerical parametric study is done to analyse the influence of loading condition and initial state of the soil on the self-healing. Main focus is on the rotational behaviour and settlement of the foundation. The observations and numerical results are discussed
and an explanation is presented based on results of cyclic laboratory tests. 相似文献
4.
为了研究土工格栅加筋砂土地基在动力荷载作用下的受力变形特性,利用自行设计的300 cm×160 cm×200 cm（长×宽×高）大比例地基模型试验装置,分别针对纯砂地基、土工格栅加筋地基进行了静动荷载破坏试验。分析地基承载力及基础沉降、地基土压力、动力加速度响应、土工格栅应变等参数变化规律,揭示了动力荷载作用下加筋砂土地基的承载力和变形特征,并对比分析静、动荷载对加筋地基承载性能的影响。试验结果表明,与纯砂地基相比,格栅单层加筋地基的承载力提高1.12倍,地基基础中轴线处沉降量减少24%,加筋土体的抗变形能力得到很大提高;加筋作用改变了地基的破坏模式,动载作用下纯砂地基为冲剪破坏而加筋地基为整体剪切破坏;筋材的存在对地基土压力及加速度峰值分别有明显的扩散作用和衰减作用,可有效降低在动力载荷下筋土的瞬态变形。 相似文献
5.
Cheng Lin Caroline Bennett Jie Han Robert L. Parsons 《Computers and Geotechnics》2010,37(7-8):1008-1014
Scour is the removal of soils around pile foundations of bridges or offshore platforms, resulting in reduced capacity of the foundations in either lateral or vertical direction. A common way to analyze the scour-affected pile foundations is to remove the scoured soil layers while keeping the properties of the remaining soil unchanged. However, this approach ignores the fact that the remaining soil experiences different stress histories before and after scour, which can be expected to change the properties of the remaining soil. As a result, the resistance of the remaining soil provided to the pile foundation may be different. The present study focused on the response of laterally loaded pile foundations in sand under scour considering the stress history of the remaining sand. Relative density and coefficient of lateral earth pressure of the sand were evaluated when it changed from a normally consolidated (NC) soil to an over-consolidated (OC) soil due to scour. The relative density was then used to estimate other properties of sand, e.g., unit weight, friction angle, and modulus of subgrade reaction of the sand based on their correlation. The lateral load–deflection (p–y) curve for a pile in sand was modified and input into the computer software, LPILE Plus V 5.0, to account for the effect of the stress history induced by scour. A field test was referenced as an example to compare the calculated results from the modified p–y curves with those from the initially developed p–y curves for the tested sand. The results showed that the change in the over-consolidation ratio (OCR) resulted in the most significant effect on the lateral soil resistance among all the effects due to the changes in the properties of the remaining sand. The sand changing from an NC to OC state increased the lateral soil resistance to the pile foundation. Ignoring the stress history would result in a conservative design of laterally loaded piles under scour. 相似文献
6.
This paper investigates the face stability of shield-driven tunnels shallowly buried in dry sand using 1-g large-scale model tests. A half-circular tunnel model with a rigid front face was designed and tested. The ground movement was mobilized by pulling the tunnel face backwards at different speeds. The support pressure at tunnel face, settlement at ground surface, and internal movement of soil body were measured by load cells, linear variable differential transducers, and a camera, respectively, and the progress of face failure was observed through a transparent lateral wall of model tank. The tests show that, as the tunnel face moves backwards, the support pressure at the tunnel face drops sharply initially, then rebounds slightly, and tends to be stabilized at the end. Similarly, the ground surface settlement shows a three-stage variation pattern. Using the particle image velocimetry technique, the particle movement, shear strain, and vortex location of soil are analyzed. The variation of support pressure and ground surface settlement related to the internal movement of soil particles is discussed. The impact of the tunnel face moving speed on the face stability is discussed. As the tunnel face moves relatively fast, soil failure originates from a height above tunnel invert and an analytical model is developed to analyze such failure. 相似文献
7.
水流冲刷对桩基承载性状影响的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用三维有限元耦合数值模型,对水流冲刷作用下桩基础从低承台向高承台的变化过程中承载性状变化的数值模拟方法进行探讨,得出一种较为理想的模拟方法,对于复合地基中的水流冲刷问题及类似桩-土相互作用中的开挖问题的数值模拟有一定的参考价值。结合工程实例,说明工程计算中简单按高承台计算来考虑水流冲刷作用对桩基承载性状的影响是不准确的。通过调整接触面单元和土体单元刚度,更全面地分析了不同条件下冲刷后桩基承载性状的变化规律,说明冲刷后土体有明显的回弹效应,工程计算中不能简单忽略。 相似文献
8.
The present study deals with model plate load tests conducted on geocell reinforced soft clay beds to evaluate the effect of infill materials on the performance of the geocell. Commercially available Neoweb geocells are used in the study. Three different infill materials namely aggregate, sand and local red soil were used in the study. The load carrying capacity of the geocell reinforced bed (as compared to an unreinforced bed) was found to be increased by 13 times for the aggregate infill, 11 times for the sand infill and 10 times for the red soil infill. Similarly the reduction in the settlement was in the order of 78%, 73% and 70% aggregate, sand and the red soil infill materials respectively. Results suggest that the performance of the geocell was not heavily influenced by the infill materials. Further, numerical simulations were carried out using FLAC2D to validate the experimental findings. The results from numerical studies are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental findings. The outcome of this work is successfully implemented in the construction of the geocell foundation to support a 3 m high embankment in the settled red mud in Lanjighar (Orissa) in India. 相似文献
9.
Raj Banerjee Sanku Konai Aniruddha Sengupta Kousik Deb 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1327-1340
As a part of the seismic safety evaluation of several bridges and other hydraulic structures located on Kasai River bed in India, the liquefaction potential of Kasai River sand is studied in 1-g shake table in laboratory and numerically using a commercial software FLAC 2D. The surface settlement, lateral spreading, predominant frequency, amplification of the ground motion and pore water pressure development in Kasai River sand in dry and liquefied states have been studied when subjected to sinusoidal motions of amplitude 0.35 g at a frequency of 2 Hz. The nonlinear curves used to represent shear strain dependency of stiffness and damping ratio of Kasai River sand are obtained from cyclic triaxial tests. Reasonably good agreement between the experimental and the numerical results is observed. It is found that the settlement and lateral spreading for the liquefied sand is 2.60 and 2.50 times than those of the sand in the dry state. The volumetric strain of the liquefied sand is found to be around 4%, which is significantly higher than 1.53% observed in the dry sand. It is observed that the amplification of the peak ground acceleration for the saturated sand is 1.08 and 1.32 times higher than that for the dry sand from theoretical and experimental results, respectively. The shear strain developed in the liquefied sand is 1.17 times more than that for dry sand. The fundamental and higher modal frequencies of dry sand are found to be 1.13, 1.117 and 1.119 times more than those for the saturated sand, respectively. 相似文献
10.
桩周土场受冲刷作用的变化是部分埋置单桩结构失效的主要原因之一。工程中土场多呈层状,此类场地中桩基的力学特性研究日益受到关注。为精确揭示冲刷作用对层状土场中部分埋置单桩动力响应的影响,基于改进Vlasov地基模型,利用Hamilton原理建立层状土场中横向受荷单桩的动力学模型。利用有限差分法求解受冲刷作用单桩的固有频率,实现对冲刷作用下土−结构相互作用系统的准确建模,进而用Green函数法求得单桩受迫振动的解析解。通过数值计算和参数分析,研究了层状土场的物理特性对受冲刷作用部分埋置单桩动力响应的影响。结果表明：基于改进Vlaosv地基模型建立的层状土场中部分埋置单桩动力学模型可精确预测冲刷作用对桩基动力学特性的影响。随冲刷程度加剧,层状土场中单桩的第一阶固有频率显著降低,改进Vlasov地基模型中各层土体的地基反力系数均减小,剪切系数则增大。当冲刷至非埋置段桩长 （ 为桩长）时,部分埋置单桩在动荷载作用下出现横向失稳现象。随底层土体厚度增加,各冲刷等级下单桩的第一阶固有频率均增大。如果第1层土的弹性模量增大了约0.43倍、1.14倍、1.86倍,则冲刷等级为0时单桩第一阶固有频率分别增大了约8.9%、19.5%、27.1%。 相似文献
11.
针对场地内夹杂岸堤、塘埂和人行道路网的深厚海相软土地基处理,提出塑料排水板和袋装砂井联合堆载预压加固方法,并通过现场试验研究该类地基在路堤填筑及堆载预压过程中的地表及深层沉降特性、超孔隙水压力消散机制和地基水平位移规律等工作性状。结果表明,采用该方法处理深厚海相软土地基具有良好的加固效果,地基沉降大部分在填筑期和预压期间发生,有效降低了场地的工后沉降和施工工期,可为沿海深厚复杂海相软土地基加固处理提供参考;塑料排水板和袋装砂井联合堆载预压处理地基的沉降-时间曲线呈多级式发展,袋装砂井处理部位的沉降量小于塑料排水板处;软基上部土体的排水效果明显优于中、下部土体,排水板处理区域的超孔隙水压力大于砂井处理区域;软基顶部土体向堆载区域移动,地表3 m以下的软土层被挤向堆载处理区域外。 相似文献
12.
随着城市地下空间的开发和利用,地下水位埋深较浅的地区,例如沈阳市,在施工过程中需要降水,工程完毕后停止降水又使水位恢复。水位的变化可能会导致地基土抗剪强度的变化、地基的回弹或沉降、渗透破坏引起地表塌陷等岩土问题,尤其是地基承载能力和既有建筑物的沉降是工程设计中必须考虑的岩土问题。对于辽沈地区,大多数文献只给出定性的回答,但工程设计需要的是定量回答,这是本文的研究目的。本文通过模型试验模拟粗砂地基上的浅基础,通过静载荷试验、水位观测、水压力和土压力传感器测试等方法测试地下水位升降时,粗砂地基的承载力、土中应力及基础沉降等的变化规律,并对试验结果进行分析和数值仿真分析,提出了利用拟合公式的方法弥补数值仿真分析与模型试验误差的思路。研究结果表明,对于密实的粗砂土地基,其地基承载力特征值在地下水位上升前后会降低,降低幅度达26%,主要原因是地基土抗剪强度降低导致承载力减小;在基础上施加一定荷载后,无论地下水位升和降,基础都会产生附加沉降。水位升高4.3m,沉降为0.565mm,主要原因是地基土的承载能力降低。水位下降4.3m,沉降0.315mm,主要原因是地下水位下降导致土中有效应力增大;数值仿真分析结果表明FLAC3D 可以较好地模拟试验过程,可用拟合公式的方法修正饱和砂土出现的误差。 相似文献
13.
侧向约束技术在地基处理工程中能有效地减小地基沉降。本文结合铁路工程与软土工程特性,采用模型试验与数值模拟的方法,研究了侧向约束(桩)对柔性桩(夯实水泥土桩)复合地基沉降的影响,分析了柔性桩和土体沉降变化随荷载水平的变化规律,探讨了侧向约束条件下土体模量、桩间距等因素对地基沉降的影响。研究结果表明:在柔性桩复合地基中设置侧向约束桩,当土体压缩模量较小时,采用2d(d为桩径)或3d桩距皆能较好地降低桩的沉降量;随着土体压缩模量的增大,桩距采用3d时减沉作用降低、2d时减沉效果增强、4d时减沉作用不明显;桩间土体沉降量在桩距为2d及3d时,减沉作用呈现先减小后增大的特点,4d时其沉降量减小比值为4%~5%。因此,合理设置侧向约束桩才能有效限制软土侧向挤出,以达到减少复合地基沉降的目的。 相似文献
14.
For numerical studies of geotechnical structures under earthquake loading, aiming to examine a possible failure due to liquefaction, using a sophisticated constitutive model for the soil is indispensable. Such model must adequately describe the material response to a cyclic loading under constant volume (undrained) conditions, amongst others the relaxation of effective stress (pore pressure accumulation) or the effective stress loops repeatedly passed through after a sufficiently large number of cycles (cyclic mobility, stress attractors). The soil behaviour under undrained cyclic loading is manifold, depending on the initial conditions (e.g. density, fabric, effective mean pressure, stress ratio) and the load characteristics (e.g. amplitude of the cycles, application of stress or strain cycles). In order to develop, calibrate and verify a constitutive model with focus to undrained cyclic loading, the data from high-quality laboratory tests comprising a variety of initial conditions and load characteristics are necessary. It is the purpose of these two companion papers to provide such database collected for a fine sand. Part II concentrates on the undrained triaxial tests with strain cycles, where a large range of strain amplitudes has been studied. Furthermore, oedometric and isotropic compression tests as well as drained triaxial tests with un- and reloading cycles are discussed. A combined monotonic and cyclic loading has been also studied in undrained triaxial tests. All test data presented herein will be available from the homepage of the first author. As an example of the examination of an existing constitutive model, the experimental data are compared to element test simulations using hypoplasticity with intergranular strain. 相似文献
15.
岛状冻土地区地基经历季节冻融后土体强度急剧降低,道路上易产生不均匀沉降现象,本文提出了新型筏板结构用于岛状冻土地区道路。为了研究岛状冻土地区新型筏板地基的承载特性,本文通过对室内新型筏板地基模型进行冻融,采用分级加载试验和数值模拟方法,分析了新型筏板地基的承载特性,及冻胀融沉对地基模型的沉降特性、内部应力分布及筏板应变分布规律的影响。结果表明,新型筏板的承载作用极大地缓解了地基变形量,且整体上减小了一定深度范围内的地基应力,由此说明筏板是作为地基“加固结构”的形式存在;筏板较大的刚度使承受荷载向外围传递,降低了筏板中心位置处地基反力;新型筏板应变呈中间大两边小的U型分布,且纵向应变高于横向应变,说明变形更多地沿筏板纵向传递;冻融对土体结构产生严重破坏,导致地基沉降大幅增加;筏板-土体系统作为荷载的主要载体,当土体强度衰减时,筏板应变随之增大;冻融循环造成地基一定深度范围内应力的增加,与冻融循环作用深度范围一致,且随着荷载水平的增加影响程度愈加显著。此外,数值模拟结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,本文数值模拟方法可用于分析新型筏板地基受力特征。 相似文献
16.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):245-256
This paper describes four centrifuge tests investigating the performance of non-structural inclined micro-piles as a liquefaction remediation method for existing buildings. Two soil profiles with the same superstructure founded on each were tested under earthquakes of different magnitudes and durations. The first profile consisted of a deep, homogeneous layer of loose, liquefiable sand. The second comprised a shallow layer of loose sand overlying dense sand. Centrifuge tests were carried out with and without inclined micro-piles in each soil profile. The superstructure was modelled as an idealised single degree of freedom (SDOF) system. It is found that the micro-piles have no detrimental effect on the performance of the structure during and after earthquakes. It is also possible that their presence may decrease structural settlements in earthquakes which cause liquefaction to a depth less than that of the improved zone. However, no conclusive evidence is obtained to show that the micro-piles significantly restrain lateral soil movement due to monotonic shearing from the structure or impede the migration of excess pore pressures from the free field to the foundation zone. Both these processes have critical effects on structural settlement. The use of inclined micro-piles for liquefaction remediation should therefore be considered with caution. 相似文献
17.
For numerical studies of geotechnical structures under earthquake loading, aiming to examine a possible failure due to liquefaction, using a sophisticated constitutive model for the soil is indispensable. Such a model must adequately describe the material response to a cyclic loading under constant volume (undrained) conditions, amongst others the relaxation of effective stress (pore pressure accumulation) or the effective stress loops repeatedly passed through after a sufficiently large number of cycles (cyclic mobility, stress attractors). The soil behaviour under undrained cyclic loading is manifold, depending on the initial conditions (e.g. density, fabric, effective mean pressure, stress ratio) and the load characteristics (e.g. amplitude of the cycles, application of stress or strain cycles). In order to develop, calibrate and verify a constitutive model with focus to undrained cyclic loading, the data from high-quality laboratory tests comprising a variety of initial conditions and load characteristics are necessary. The purpose of these two companion papers was to provide such database collected for a fine sand. The database consists of numerous undrained cyclic triaxial tests with stress or strain cycles applied to samples consolidated isotropically or anisotropically. Monotonic triaxial tests with drained or undrained conditions have also been performed. Furthermore, drained triaxial, oedometric or isotropic compression tests with several un- and reloading cycles are presented. Part I concentrates on the triaxial tests with monotonic loading or stress cycles. All test data presented herein will be available from the homepage of the first author. As an example of the examination of an existing constitutive model, the experimental data are compared to element test simulations using hypoplasticity with intergranular strain. 相似文献
18.
Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
20.
海上风电的桩基在长期循环荷载作用下会引起承载力的衰减。针对软黏土中水平受荷单桩,通过引入累积塑性应变以考虑土体不排水强度的循环弱化,建立二维有限元数值模拟和简化p-y曲线简化方法,以分析水平循环荷载作用后单桩桩侧侧向抗力的衰减弱化。在小数目循环荷载下简化方法与有限元计算结果比较吻合,在此基础上,采用二维简化分析方法得到长期大数目循环荷载下桩侧水平抗力的衰减规律,发现如荷载幅值与初始极限抗力的比值小于土体灵敏度的倒数,单桩在长期水平循环荷载作用下承载力虽有所衰减,但桩基趋于稳定,不会发生破坏。 相似文献