共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为研究液化场地中群桩在强震作用下的动力响应特征及桩侧土抗力-桩土相对位移（p-y）曲线规律,依托海文大桥实体工程,基于振动台模型试验,开展了0.15g～0.35g地震动作用饱和粉细砂土层不同埋置深度下的砂土孔压比、桩身弯矩及p-y曲线动力响应研究。结果表明：地震动强度达到0.25g时,不同埋置深度下的饱和粉细砂土层孔压比均大于0.8,产生液化现象,且随埋置深度增加,孔压比增长时刻明显滞后;不同埋置深度下,桩身弯矩最大值均位于液化土层和非液化土层分界面处;同一埋置深度时,随地震动强度的增大,p-y曲线所包围的面积逐渐增大,其整体斜率逐渐变小,说明桩-土相互作用动力耗能逐渐增大,桩周土体刚度逐渐减小;随埋置深度增加,p-y曲线所包围的面积逐渐减小,其整体斜率逐渐增大,说明桩-土相互作用动力耗能逐渐减小,桩周土体刚度逐渐增大。因此,液化场地桥梁群桩抗震设计时,应综合考虑液化土层与桩基础的相互位置关系,确保桩基础在液化土层与非液化土层分界处的抗弯承载能力。 相似文献
2.
采用砂土液化大变形弹塑性本构模型分析可液化砂土,采用模量随应力与应变变化的等效非线性模型增量形式分析碎石桩,应用FLAC3D有限差分软件对地震动力作用下可液化场地碎石桩复合地基进行三维动力响应分析。模拟分析了在地震作用下碎石桩刚度效应和排水效应对加固处理可液化场地的抗液化效果,从初始小变形到液化后大变形的变形发展,超静孔压累积与消散,及桩与土的变形与应力分配变化等。结果表明,所用模型与方法可合理描述可液化场地碎石桩复合地基在地震作用下场地的动力响应特性和抗液化效果;在地震作用下可液化场地中桩周土体与碎石桩体的竖向应力与水平向剪切应力向碎石桩体集中,竖向有效应力比可降至约1/6～1/3;桩周土体与桩体为非协调变形,剪应变比可达7～10;碎石桩抗液化影响范围约为2.5～3倍桩径,对超过3.5倍桩径范围影响较小;碎石桩与砂土渗透系数比大于100时对降低砂土中超静孔隙水压影响明显;碎石桩对场地的加密效应可显著降低超静孔隙水压力,而碎石桩刚度则对超静孔隙水压力变动影响较小,但有助于减低地面加速度响应峰值。 相似文献
3.
A pneumatic shaking table and its application to a liquefaction test on saturated sand 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The shaking tables that are used in earthquake engineering are normally driven by hydraulic actuators, which require high maintenance and operation costs. In some studies, when it is only desirable to conduct small-scaled model tests, a pneumatic shaking table can be considered as an alternative to a hydraulic shaking table. This paper describes the design, development, calibration, and performance of a pneumatic shaking table system. It was proved that the pneumatic shaking table can offer satisfactory performances. Using the pneumatic shaking table, a liquefaction test on saturated sand was conducted. During liquefaction, both the stiffness and acceleration response of the ground greatly decreased. In comparison to the sharp increase in excess pore water pressure (EPWP) when liquefaction started, the dissipation process lasted for a much longer time period. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents the shaking table studies to investigate the factors that influence the liquefaction resistance of sand. A uniaxial shaking table with a perspex model container was used for the model tests, and saturated sand beds were prepared using wet pluviation method. The models were subjected to horizontal base shaking, and the variation of pore water pressure was measured. Three series of tests varying the acceleration and frequency of base shaking and density of the soil were carried out on sand beds simulating free field condition. Liquefaction was visualized in some model tests, which was also established through pore water pressure ratios. Effective stress was calculated at the point of pore water pressure measurement, and the number of cycles required to liquefy the sand bed were estimated and matched with visual observations. It was observed that there was a gradual variation in pore water pressure with change in base acceleration at a given frequency of shaking. The variation in pore water pressure is not significant for the range of frequency used in the tests. The frequency of base shaking at which the sand starts to liquefy when the sand bed is subjected to any specific base acceleration depends on the density of sand, and it was observed that the sand does not liquefy at any other frequency less than this. A substantial improvement in liquefaction resistance of the sand was observed with the increase in soil density, inferring that soil densification is a simple technique that can be applied to increase the liquefaction resistance. 相似文献
5.
6.
液化自由场地震响应大型振动台模型试验分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开展了含上部黏土层、饱和砂土层、密实砂土层的可液化自由场地在水平地震动激励下的大型振动台模型试验研究,分析了地震动激励时饱和砂土液化后场地加速度、位移、孔压比时空响应等动力响应。试验结果表明：在小震激励时,场地动力反应较小,加速度反应自下而上不断放大,各深度处孔压比均较小,模型地基整体处于弹性反应阶段;0.3g汶川地震卧龙台地震记录输入时,孔压积累迅速,可液化土体最上部土层孔压比达到1,饱和土体液化,模型地基表现出明显的非线性反应特征,加速度反应在饱和砂土层中未有明显放大,土体卓越周期对应的反应加速度自下而上有不断增大趋势。该研究是土-群桩-上部结构体系大型振动台系列试验中可液化自由场动力反应部分,可供今后做对比分析和验证数值模拟参考。 相似文献
7.
开展了近场和远场地震动作用下3跨3层地铁车站结构地基液化效应的振动台模型试验,测试了地铁车站结构的加速度、应变、水平位移反应和地基土孔隙水压力、加速度、震陷及其作用于模型结构侧墙的动土压力反应。分析和总结了地铁车站结构地基液化效应特征,结果表明：模型结构对其周围地基土孔隙水压力场的分布有明显影响,结构两侧和底部地基土中的孔压峰值小于相同深度离结构较远地基土中的孔压峰值;地基土中孔压的消散速度自下而上呈逐渐减慢的趋势;地震动作用过程中,模型结构产生向上的相对运动,强地震动作用时模型结构上浮现象明显;模型结构侧墙受到的动土压力随深度增大而减小,输入地震动特性对动土压力的大小有显著影响。 相似文献
8.
The paper provides a new analysis procedure for the assessment of the lateral response of isolated piles/drilled shafts in saturated sands as liquefaction and lateral soil spread develop in response to dynamic loading such as that generated by the earthquake shaking. The presented method accounts for: (1) the development of full liquefaction in the free-field soil that could trigger the lateral spread of the overlying crust layer; (2) the driving force exerted by the crust layer based on the interaction between the pile and the upper non-liquefied soil (crust) layer; and (3) the variation of the excess pore water pressure (i.e. post-liquefaction soil strength) in the near-field soil with the progressive pile deflection under lateral soil spread driving force. A constitutive model for fully liquefied sands under monotonic loading and undrained conditions is developed in order to predict the zone of post-liquefaction zero-strength of liquefied sand before it rebounds with the increasing soil strain in the near-field. The analytical and empirical concepts employed in the Strain Wedge (SW) model allow the modeling of such a sophisticated phenomenon of lateral soil spread that could accompany or follow the occurrence of seismic events without using modifying parameters or shape corrections to account for soil liquefaction. 相似文献
9.
为研究近断层脉冲地震动中竖向加速度对砂土场地液化的影响,基于有限元平台OpenSees开发的边界面塑性本构模型,建立了动单剪单元试验模型和饱和砂土三维有限元模型。选取台湾Chi-Chi地震中10条具有速度脉冲特性的地震波,对比分析了水平双向脉冲波与三向脉冲波作用下土柱竖向位移、循环应力比、孔压比及等效循环周数的差异性,继而明确了脉冲地震动中竖向加速度对砂土液化的影响规律。研究表明,三向脉冲地震波中竖向加速度分量对场地永久位移值影响较小,但使永久位移的发展持时明显增大;土柱循环应力比受竖向地震动影响较小,因此分析脉冲地震动对场地剪切特性的影响时,可将三向脉冲地震动简化为水平双向地震动;考虑竖向地震动的三向脉冲地震波引起的孔压比变化幅度较大,孔压消散时间较长;三向脉冲地震波对应的等效循环周数较大,地震动发展持时长,可认为竖向加速度对场地液化有促进作用。 相似文献
10.
A series of centrifuge shaking table model tests are conducted on 4?×?4 pile groups in liquefiable ground in this study, achieving horizontal–vertical bidirectional shaking in centrifuge tests on piles for the first time. The dynamic distribution of forces on piles within the pile groups is analysed, showing the internal piles to be subjected to greater bending moment compared with external piles, the mechanism of which is discussed. The roles of superstructure–pile inertial interaction and soil–pile kinematic interaction in the seismic response of the piles within the pile groups are investigated through cross-correlation analysis between pile bending moment, soil displacement, and structure acceleration time histories and by comparing the test results on pile groups with and without superstructures. Soil–pile kinematic interaction is shown to have a dominant effect on the seismic response of pile groups in liquefiable ground. Comparison of the pile response in two tests with and without vertical input ground motion shows that the vertical ground motion does not significantly influence the pile bending moment in liquefiable ground, as the dynamic vertical total stress increment is mainly carried by the excess pore water pressure. The influence of previous liquefaction history during a sequence of seismic events is also analysed, suggesting that liquefaction history could in certain cases lead to an increase in liquefaction susceptibility of sand and also an increase in dynamic forces on the piles. 相似文献
11.
针对目前土层反应分析方法难以模拟液化土层地震动时程的缺欠,在工程力学研究所原有有效应力分析程序基础上提出了一个改进的计算方法并进行了验证。改进方法中,通过每个应力循环模拟土的非线性进程以及液化导致的土刚度衰减过程,并引入了新建立的适于非均等固结随机地震荷载作用下的孔压增长模型。将计算方法与实际地震记录及大型振动台实验结果进行了对比,结果表明：在峰值加速度、液化后波形变化、时频曲线及加速度反应谱等主要特征上,计算结果均与现场实际记录及振动台实验基本一致;在液化引起地震动特征变化上,计算出的液化较非液化土层加速度反应谱的增量与实验结果一致。说明所提出的改进方法可以用于液化土层地震动的模拟。 相似文献
12.
液化型路堤边坡动力稳定性问题涉及岩土工程与工程地震两个学科领域,是边坡工程与砂土液化的交叉课题。采用天然地震记录为输入条件,应用Finn本构关系模型,运用有限差分法,对填土+砂土+卵砾土地层组合的路堤边坡进行了全时程动力分析,探讨了地震作用下路堤边坡的液化初步规律和稳定性。数值模拟结果表明:地震作用引起了路基饱和砂土有效应力急剧减小,并导致路基砂土液化,引起路堤变形破坏。孔隙水压力的积累与消散不仅与地震记录序列存在对应关系,也与砂土所处的位置和深度有密切关系。地表变形破坏主要表现为路堤顶面发生震陷和拉裂破坏,坡底面产生挤压隆起变形。地面以下的变形破坏主要包括土体剪切破坏和深部砂土液化引起的侧向流动破坏。 相似文献
13.
This article describes a new performance-based approach for evaluating the return period of seismic soil liquefaction based on standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) data. The conventional liquefaction evaluation methods consider a single acceleration level and magnitude and these approaches fail to take into account the uncertainty in earthquake loading. The seismic hazard analysis based on the probabilistic method clearly shows that a particular acceleration value is being contributed by different magnitudes with varying probability. In the new method presented in this article, the entire range of ground shaking and the entire range of earthquake magnitude are considered and the liquefaction return period is evaluated based on the SPT and CPT data. This article explains the performance-based methodology for the liquefaction analysis – starting from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for the evaluation of seismic hazard and the performance-based method to evaluate the liquefaction return period. A case study has been done for Bangalore, India, based on SPT data and converted CPT values. The comparison of results obtained from both the methods have been presented. In an area of 220 km2 in Bangalore city, the site class was assessed based on large number of borehole data and 58 Multi-channel analysis of surface wave survey. Using the site class and peak acceleration at rock depth from PSHA, the peak ground acceleration at the ground surface was estimated using probabilistic approach. The liquefaction analysis was done based on 450 borehole data obtained in the study area. The results of CPT match well with the results obtained from similar analysis with SPT data. 相似文献
14.
应用多孔介质动力学进行了水下的砂土地层的动力反应分析,水下砂层可以看作是多相介质,孔隙水是可压缩的,土壤采用了非线性本构,考虑了砂土的刚度退化和剪胀性及土水相对运动等因素,并研究了多孔介质波动模拟的边界条件,建立了水体下地层平面动力非线性动力反应的直接差分法,直接求解水体的压力和饱和土层的动孔隙压力,可以进一步分析水下砂土地震液化问题。 相似文献
15.
The Bhuj earthquake of January 26th, 2001, induced wide spread liquefaction within the Kachch peninsula. It has been pointed
out that inundation due to soil liquefaction was short lived in some parts than in others in the affected region. Several
geological, seismological and hydrological factors would have cumulatively contributed to these observed changes.
We simulate in this article, undrained or short-term change in pore pressure in a poroelastic half space, in response to a
simplified model of the Bhuj earthquake source. We find that the regions of relatively shorter lived inundation due to soil
liquefaction may fall in the region where pore pressure responsible for soil liquefaction attributable to strong ground shaking
was counteracted by pore pressure changes due to undrained poroelastic effect and vice versa. 相似文献
16.
排水刚性桩是一种将竖向排水体与刚性桩相结合的新型抗液化处理措施。为研究排水刚性桩群桩的抗液化作用效果,开展了桩顶竖向荷载作用下排水刚性桩处理可液化地基的振动台试验研究,分析了地基土体的超孔压响应、加速度响应及桩顶结构的水平位移响应,并与未设置排水体的普通桩群桩工况进行对比。结果表明：加载开始后,排水桩桩身排水通道有大量超孔隙水排出,普通桩桩身没有排水现象。采用排水桩时超孔压比峰值比普通桩中减小12%,孔压消散稳定后超孔压比减小13%左右,排水桩桩身的排水通道对超孔压的消散作用集中在振动作用的前期。排水桩桩顶的侧向永久位移较普通桩桩顶侧向永久位移减小约27%。试样土体液化前,剪应力-应变滞回圈包络面积较大,土体呈现一定的剪胀特性。液化后,排水桩的剪应力-应变滞回圈的割线模量更大。上述试验结果均表明了排水刚性桩在抗液化方面的有效作用。 相似文献
17.
地震历史对砂土抗液化性能影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨地震历史对饱和砂土抗液化性能的影响,通过离心机动力模型试验,观测了遭受过不同强度地震的饱和砂土水平场地在再次地震荷载作用下的响应,包括超静孔隙水压力的发展和土体的变形。研究表明,小地震有利于增强砂土颗粒之间的咬合及结构的稳定性,极大地提高了其抗液化能力,而遭受强地震并且发生液化的砂土,由于在沉积过程中形成的不稳定结构,则可能在将来强度相对较小的地震中再次液化。试验结果说明了地震历史对砂土液化性能有重大影响及进一步开展砂土细观结构研究的重要性。 相似文献
18.
Numerical simulation of mitigation for liquefaction-induced soil deformations in a sandy ground improved by cement grouting 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper presents a numerical study of mitigation for liquefaction during earthquake loading. Analyses are carried out using
an effective stress based, fully coupled, hybrid, finite element-finite differences approach. The sandy soil behavior is described
by means of a cyclic elastoplastic constitutive model, which was developed within the framework of a nonlinear kinematic hardening
rule. In theory, the philosophies of mitigation for liquefaction can be summarized as two main concepts, i.e. prevention of
excess pore water pressure generation and reduction of liquefaction-induced deformations. This paper is primarily concerned
with the latter approach to liquefaction mitigation. Firstly, the numerical method and the analytical procedure are briefly
outlined. Subsequently, a case-history study, which includes a liquefaction mitigation technique of cement grouting for ground
improvement of a sluice gate, is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of liquefaction countermeasures. Special emphasis
is given to the computed results of excess pore water pressures, displacements, and accelerations during the seismic excitation.
Generally, the distinctive patterns of seismic response are accurately reproduced by the numerical simulation. The proposed
numerical method is thus considered to capture the fundamental aspects of the problems investigated, and yields results for
design purposes. From the results in the case, excess pore water pressures eventually reach fully liquefied state under the
input earthquake loading and this cannot be prevented. However, liquefaction-induced lateral spreading of the foundation soils
can be effectively reduced by the liquefaction mitigation techniques.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
19.
Asskar Janalizade Choobbasti Meysam Saadati Hamid Reza Tavakoli 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(6):1307-1315
The performance of pile foundations in liquefiable soil subjected to earthquake loading is a very complex process. The strength and stiffness of the soil decrease due to the increase in pore pressure. The pile can be seriously destroyed by the soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. This paper presents the response of vertical piles in liquefiable soil under seismic loads. A finite difference model, known as fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, is used to study the pile behavior considering a nonlinear constitutive model for soil liquefaction and pile?Csoil interaction. The maximum lateral displacement and maximum pile bending moment are obtained for different pile diameters, earthquake predominant frequencies, Arias intensities, and peak accelerations. It is found that the maximum lateral displacement and the maximum pile bending moment increase when the predominant earthquake frequency value decreases for a given peak acceleration value. 相似文献
20.
Numerical study of the deformation of saturated soil in the vicinity of a vibrating pile 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The paper presents a dynamic finite-element analysis of the deformation of saturated cohesionless soil in the vicinity of the toe of a vibrating cylindrical pile. The soil behaviour is described by a hypoplastic constitutive model with intergranular strain assuming locally undrained conditions for the pore fluid. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of stresses and displacements in the soil. It is shown that, starting from a homogeneous stress state, the first several cycles of vibration lead to the formation of a permanent liquefaction zone with vanishing effective stresses at a certain distance from the pile. The displacement field reveals an accumulation of residual displacements in the soil in the form of rotation. The influence of the initial stress state, the pore fluid compressibility, the pile displacement amplitude and the soil density on the formation of a liquefaction zone, on the stress amplitude in the soil and on the intensity of the permanent rotation is investigated. 相似文献