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1.
海上风电的桩基在长期循环荷载作用下会引起承载力的衰减。针对软黏土中水平受荷单桩,通过引入累积塑性应变以考虑土体不排水强度的循环弱化,建立二维有限元数值模拟和简化p-y曲线简化方法,以分析水平循环荷载作用后单桩桩侧侧向抗力的衰减弱化。在小数目循环荷载下简化方法与有限元计算结果比较吻合,在此基础上,采用二维简化分析方法得到长期大数目循环荷载下桩侧水平抗力的衰减规律,发现如荷载幅值与初始极限抗力的比值小于土体灵敏度的倒数,单桩在长期水平循环荷载作用下承载力虽有所衰减,但桩基趋于稳定,不会发生破坏。 相似文献
2.
The bearing capacity of shallow foundations in a non-homogeneous soil profile has been a challenging task in geotechnical
engineering. In this paper, a limit equilibrium method is used for calculating bearing capacity factors of shallow foundations
constructed on a two-layered granular soil profile. The main objective has been to determine the ultimate bearing capacity
computed from equivalent bearing capacity factors N q and N γ and comparing that with numerical analysis using finite element methods. It will be shown that the data obtained form the
developed method are well comparable with those obtained from FE approach, specially when the difference between shear strength
parameters of layers is low which is a practical case for sedimentary soil profiles and also for artificially compacted soils.
A computer program has been developed to investigate the influence of various parameters on bearing capacity factors. 相似文献
3.
Design of shallow foundations relies on bearing capacity values calculated using procedures that are based in part on solutions obtained using the method of characteristics, which assumes a soil following an associated flow rule. In this paper, we use the finite element method to determine the vertical bearing capacity of strip and circular footings resting on a sand layer. Analyses were performed using an elastic–perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model. To investigate the effect of dilatancy angle on the footing bearing capacity, two series of analyses were performed, one using an associated flow rule and one using a non-associated flow rule. The study focuses on the values of the bearing capacity factors Nq and Nγ and of the shape factors sq and sγ for circular footings. Relationships for these factors that are valid for realistic pairs of friction angle and dilatancy angle values are also proposed. 相似文献
4.
There exist many structures founded on unsaturated soil deposits. Shear strength augmentation due to the evolution of the matric suction within the unsaturated porous media enhances the bearing capacity of the overlying foundation. This paper presents the evaluation of the pseudo-static seismic bearing capacity of the shallow foundations resting on unsaturated soil deposits using limit equilibrium method. Adopting the Coulomb failure mechanism and Bishop effective stress concept, the bearing capacity equations are solved. The distribution of the matric suction beneath the footing is assumed to be linear. The results of the bearing capacity evaluation are validated against some experimental data found in literature for the static condition. For the seismic loading consideration, the pseudo-static method is utilized. The dual effect of the earthquake acceleration vertical component is thoroughly discussed and a suction transition point is introduced in which the minimum bearing capacity is observed to bear the same value for both upward and downward directions. The increase in the matric suction throughout the soil deposit leads to the increase in the soil shear strength, thus posing more resisting forces as well as higher ultimate bearing capacity. The offered solution is deemed a consistent and useful tool for the accurate prediction of the seismic bearing capacity of shallow footings resting on unsaturated soil deposits. 相似文献
6.
提出了一个考虑循环衰减作用的软黏土弹塑性损伤弱化模型,在此模型基础上建立了一个基于剪切位移法的单桩竖向承载力简化计算方法,并利用大型有限元软件进行了不同循环荷载水平下单桩竖向承载力的计算。为了证明简化方法的准确性与有效性,将计算结果与有限元计算结果进行对比,二者的吻合度较高。先期循环荷载能引起单桩竖向承载力弱化,并且弱化程度随先期循环荷载水平的增加而增加。最后将简化方法应用于某海上风电场桩基础承载力的计算中,结果表明,提出的简化方法可应用于实际工程问题的分析。 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTProbabilistic methods in geotechnical engineering have received a lot of attention during the last decade and different methodologies are used to capture the inherent variability of soil in different geotechnical engineering problems. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to obtain the bearing capacity factor, Nγ, for a purely frictional heterogenous soil where the friction angle is modelled as randomly distributed throughout the domain and the effect of its spatial variability on Nγ is investigated. A finite element method, based on the upper bound limit analysis was combined with random field theory and linear programming to develop a probabilistic analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were performed and the effect of the variability of the friction angle defined by statistical parameters on the bearing capacity factor was investigated. Results show that the mean bearing capacity factor Nγ of a footing on a spatially variable cohesionless soil is generally higher than the deterministic Nγ obtained from a constant mean value. Increasing the heterogeneity of the friction angle by an increase in the coefficient of variation generally increases this deviation. This can be explained by the nonlinearity of the relationship between Nγ and the friction angle. 相似文献
8.
Discrete element method has been widely adopted to simulate processes that are challenging to continuum-based approaches. However, its computational efficiency can be greatly compromised when large number of particles are required to model regions of less interest to researchers. Due to this, the application of DEM to boundary value problems has been limited. This paper introduces a three-dimensional discrete element–finite difference coupling method, in which the discrete–continuum interactions are modeled in local coordinate systems where the force and displacement compatibilities between the coupled subdomains are considered. The method is validated using a model dynamic compaction test on sand. The comparison between the numerical and physical test results shows that the coupling method can effectively simulate the dynamic compaction process. The responses of the DEM model show that dynamic stress propagation (compaction mechanism) and tamper penetration (bearing capacity mechanism) play very different roles in soil deformations. Under impact loading, the soil undergoes a transient weakening process induced by dynamic stress propagation, which makes the soil easier to densify under bearing capacity mechanism. The distribution of tamping energy between the two mechanisms can influence the compaction efficiency, and allocating higher compaction energy to bearing capacity mechanism could improve the efficiency of dynamic compaction. 相似文献
9.
The first part of the paper presents a material point method solution for the bearing capacity of a deep foundation in purely cohesive soil, which is a widely known engineering problem. The results computed with the generalised interpolation material point method are compared to the results obtained previously with an advanced limit analysis code. The second part of the paper shows material point method simulations of collapsing piles of granular material and compares the results with experimental observations from the literature. The problems considered are problematic to solve using the displacement finite element method as they generally include very large deformations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
The paper investigates the dynamic characterisation, the numerical model tuning and the seismic risk assessment of two monumental masonry towers located in Italy: the Capua Cathedral bell tower and the Aversa Cathedral bell tower. Full-scale ambient vibration tests under environmental loads are performed. The modal identification is carried out using techniques of modal extraction in the frequency domain. The refined 3D finite element model (FEM) is calibrated using the in situ investigation survey. The FEM tuning is carried out by varying the mechanical parameters and accounting for the restraint offered by the neighbouring buildings and the role of soil–structure interaction. The assessment of the seismic performance of the bell towers is carried out through a nonlinear static procedure based on the multi-modal pushover analysis and the capacity spectrum method. Through the discussion of the case studies, the paper shows that the modal identification is a reliable technique that can be used in situ for assessing the dynamic behaviour of monumental buildings. By utilising the tuned FEM of the towers, the theoretical fundamental frequencies are determined, which coincide with the previously determined experimental frequencies. The results from seismic performance assessment through a pushover analysis confirm that the masonry towers in this study are particularly vulnerable to strong damage even when subjected to seismic events of moderate intensity. 相似文献
11.
Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings in soil has been obtained in the form of pseudo-static seismic bearing capacity factors Ncd, Nqd and Nd, denoting the cohesion, surcharge and unit weight components, respectively, by an extensive numerical iteration technique. Limit equilibrium method of analysis with composite failure surface is assumed. The validity of the principle of superposition is examined. Effects of both the horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients have been found to always reduce the ultimate bearing capacity significantly. Results obtained by the present method of analysis are compared with the available results and are found to be the least in the seismic case. 相似文献
12.
在竖向和水平力共同作用的复合加载条件下地基承载性能及其破坏模式是吸力式桶形基础设计与施工中的关键技术问题。为此,以大型通用有限元分析软件系统ABAQUS为基础建立了桶形基础三维有限元计算模型,运用位移控制法确定了均质软黏土地基极限承载力系数与位移之间的归一化关系;采用Swipe试验加载方法,确定了桶形基础在竖向力与水平力平面上的地基破坏包络图,从极限分析上限方法的角度探讨了由数值计算所揭示的桶形基础破坏机制。 相似文献
13.
为了研究钙质石灰岩中桩基的合理设计理论及开发相关的变形破坏数值分析方法,利用弹塑性有限元方法对以硫球石灰岩作为持力层的桩基现场轴向载荷试验进行了数值分析。有限元分析中钙质石灰岩被假定为理想弹塑性材料。结果表明,如果能在有限元解析中合理地考虑桩侧摩阻力的低减效果,弹塑性有限元计算可以较好地模拟与分析钙质砂土中桩基的轴向承载力特性。最后还对开口钢管桩基的土塞效应的发生机制进行了分析。 相似文献
14.
地基极限承载力分析是土力学研究中的一个经典课题。基于Hellinger-Reissner混合变分原理和有限元方法,将岩土体弹塑性问题构造成基于有限元框架的二阶锥规划（second-order cone programming,SOCP）问题,进而提出一种基于二阶锥规划理论的增量有限元法,即FEM-SOCP法。将岩土体弹塑性问题构造成二阶锥规划的数学优化问题,可以避免采用传统弹塑性计算中复杂的应力点积分等算法和屈服面棱角的平滑处理。此外,对于二阶锥规划问题,可以采用具有原始?对偶内点求解法的标准数学规划求解器MOSEK进行求解。将增量加载FEM-SOCP法应用于经典的基底粗糙的条形浅基础地基极限承载力分析中,分别考虑了关联和非关联塑性条件下的Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则。数值结果表明：所提出的增量加载FEM-SOCP法获得的地基承载力系数及地基承载力与传统FEM计算结果基本一致,而与常规有限元计算结果相比,基于增量加载的FEM-SOCP法所获得的屈服区更加平滑。 相似文献
15.
应用高应变动测法确定基桩的承载力非常依赖测试人员的经验且存在多解性问题。为克服这种现象,介绍了一种新的直接动测法,并以一灌注桩的现场静载试验为对象,建立了详细的基桩有限元静力、动力分析模型。静力模拟比较分析表明,该有限元模型能准确地模拟文献的结果。在此基础上,通过有限元动力分析,得到锤击下桩的应力场、位移场、速度场和加速度场。根据有限元计算结果,分析了直接动测法的有效性。直接动测法确定的承载力和静载法一致。该直接动测法消除了现有高应变法存在的多解性问题,故可以得到单桩承载力的客观性结果。 相似文献
16.
作为新型的深水海洋基础型式,吸力式沉箱基础被广泛地用于系泊深水海洋设施中,从而承受巨大的倾斜上拔荷载。在上拔荷载水平分量与竖向分量的共同作用下,吸力式沉箱的承载特性及其工作性能评价是海洋工程设计与建设中的关键技术问题之一。然而现有的理论分析与试验研究并不能满足工程实践的需要,因此,对吸力式沉箱基础的极限承载力分析建立了有限元数值计算方法。当沉箱基础在快速拔出过程中,正常固结黏土处于完全不排水状态,沉箱基础发生整体破坏时表现出反向地基承载力失稳模式,此时沉箱基础所发挥的极限承载能力往往最大。为此,在数值计算中直接假定沉箱基础及其周围土体处于完全不排水状态,针对不同的沉箱长径比,分别确定了在竖向上拔荷载和水平拉拔的单独作用下沉箱基础极限承载力。对比发现：竖向上拔极限承载力有限元解能够较好地与理论计算结果相符合,而水平极限承载力解与理论计算结果存在一定的差异。 相似文献
17.
嵌岩桩的单桩极限承载力高,现场试桩试验加载至极限状态代价和难度均较大,试验取得的数据较难全面反映嵌岩桩的承载变形特性。基于武汉绿地中心嵌岩桩试桩试验成果,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立桩-土-岩共同作用模型,分析了基岩岩性、嵌岩深径比以及上覆土层厚度等对嵌岩桩承载变形特性的影响。数值计算表明,基于合理的本构模型、合理地参数取值,采用有限元方法对嵌岩桩试桩试验开展模拟分析,可以取得较为合理的拟合结果。基岩岩性、嵌岩深径比、上覆土层厚度对嵌岩桩的承载变形特性均有较大的影响。基岩岩性和嵌岩深度对上覆土层段侧摩阻力的发挥影响不大。嵌岩段的承载力是嵌岩桩总承载力的主要组成部分,但对穿越深厚上覆土层的嵌岩桩,上覆土层段桩侧摩阻力是嵌岩桩总承载力的重要组成部分,不应忽视。 相似文献
18.
This paper presents the pseudo-dynamic analysis of seismic bearing capacity of a strip footing using upper bound limit analysis.
However, in the literature, the pseudo-static approach was frequently used by several researchers to compute the seismic bearing
capacity factor theoretically, where the real dynamic nature of the earthquake accelerations cannot be considered. Under the
seismic conditions, the values of the unit weight component of bearing capacity factor N
γE are determined for different magnitudes of soil friction angle, soil amplification and seismic acceleration coefficients
both in the horizontal and vertical directions. The results obtained from the present study are shown both graphically as
well as in the tabular form. It is observed that the bearing capacity factor N
γE decreases significantly with the increase in seismic accelerations and amplification. The results are thoroughly compared
with the existing values in the literature and the significance of the present methodology for designing the shallow footing
is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Three constitutive models of soil are used in finite element analyses of lateral earth pressure and bearing capacity. The three models are an elasto-plastic formulation derived from the Mohr-Coulomb law, a similar model with the plastic dilatancy removed, and a strain hardening model with a capped yield criterion. Stiffness formulations are described; the non-dilatant model has a non-symmetric stiffness. The results for the retaining walls are in close agreement with classical soil mechanics, but the bearing capacity analyses greatly overestimate the bearing capacity. The patterns of motion are, however, reasonable. Reasons for the discripancies in the bearing capacity case include: (a) the elements are too stiff and do not permit sliding on discrete failure planes; (b) the bearing capacity problem is itself not well settled theoretically; (c) very fine element divisions are necessary in areas of strong stress gradients and (d) rotation of principal stresses is significant. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents a study on the bearing capacity of eccentrically-loaded rough ring footings resting over cohesionless soil. To this aim, a series of 3D numerical simulations were performed using the finite difference method. In order to consider the effect of load eccentricity, reduction factor method is applied. In this method, the ratio of an eccentrically-loaded bearing capacity to the bearing capacity of the same footing under vertical load is defined. Comparison between the results of the numerical simulations with those of analytical solutions and experimental data indicates good agreement. A mathematical expression is also introduced for eccentrically-loaded ring footings. 相似文献
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