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1.
通过福建华安玉野外地质观察、室内显微镜下观察、矿物电子探针分析和X射线粉末衍射分析,研究了华安玉的结构构造和矿物组成,结果表明: 华安玉显示出不同艳丽的条带,实质上是不同矿物分带的体现,绿-墨绿色条带主要由铁次透辉石组成,红色或淡肉红色条带主要由钾长石组成,灰白色或乳白色条带主要由石英、方解石等矿物组成。并对华安玉的形成构造环境和成因进行了初步研究,认为其形成于被动大陆边缘的潮坪泻湖环境,原岩主要是钙质粉砂岩、泥灰岩、硅质岩等,燕山期强烈的构造岩浆活动对其进行了多期热接触变质或交代作用,钙质粉砂岩、泥灰岩、硅质岩等经变质成为透辉石角岩。 相似文献
2.
Geostatistical regionalization of glacial aquitard thickness in northwestern Germany, based on fuzzy kriging 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In many instances hydrogeological parameters obtained by conventional methods for selected localities within an aquifer or an aquitard are not sufficient for adequate regionalization at the scale of the entire layer. Here, we demonstrate an application of the fuzzy kriging method in regionalization of hydrogeological data, in which the set of conventional, crisp values is supplemented by imprecise information subjectively estimated by an expert. It is believed that such an approach eventually may reflect the real-world conditions more closely than a traditional crisp-value approach, because the former does not impose exactness artificially on phenomena which are diffuse by their nature. Spatial interpolation was done for the thickness of one of the major aquitards (till and glaciolacustrine clay) in northwestern Germany. The dataset consists of 329 crisp values from boreholes supplemented by 172 imprecise values defined as fuzzy numbers. It is demonstrated that the reliability of regionalization was higher, compared to regionalization performed with the crisp dataset only. Fuzzy kriging was performed with FUZZEKS (Fuzzy Evaluation and Kriging System) developed at the Ecosystem Research Center at the University of Kiel. 相似文献
3.
在城市建筑物密集区进行振动沉管施工,引起震动对周围环境的影响已成为地基处理施工中一个突出的问题,通过对某项工程水泥粉煤灰碎石柱(CFG)桩施工振动对周边建筑物影响的测试和分析,对地基处理方法的选型及如何有效减轻和控制施工振动对周围环境的影响,均具有一定意义。 相似文献
4.
G. Y. Sheu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(6):729-740
This study presents the recognition of an elastic–plastic constitutive law by a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA).
This idea is illustrated by the identification of ellipse aspect ratio and plastic modulus of a reported bounding surface
model. Based on the multi-goals of well predicting all available drained or undrained stress–strain behaviors simultaneously,
the compromising solutions of these two parameters are found by a strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA2). Their
fittest values are then determined by additionally introducing the Akaike information criterion. Experimental data for the
Ottawa sand are used to test such processes. The results show that an MOEA is an efficient and automatic tool to identify
the fittest form of an elastic–plastic constitutive law from a large amount of experimental data. However, sufficient data
are required to determine the correct searching range of parameters to be identified. 相似文献
5.
In Korea, a reference disposal system, KRS, was proposed in 2006 after 10 years of research and development. In the KRS, the high-level radioactive waste repository is considered to be located in a crystalline rock likes granite. For a validation of the feasibility, safety, and stability of the KRS, an underground research tunnel, KURT was constructed in Nov. 2006. During the construction of KURT by a controlled blasting, the size and characteristics of an excavation damaged zone(EDZ) were investigated by in situ as well as laboratory tests. The possible influences of an EDZ around a tunnel on the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical behaviors of the near field were investigated by using hydro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical coupling analyses. From this study, it was found that the existence of an EDZ can influence the thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical behaviors of the near field and it was recommended that an EDZ should be considered as an important parameter during the design of underground repositories. 相似文献
6.
I.A. Nicholls 《Chemical Geology》1974,14(3):151-157
A method of preparation of homogeneous glass beads by direct fusion of bulk rock powders on an iridium-strip heater, and the quantitative analysis of these glasses using an electron microprobe fitted with an Si(Li) detector, are described. Major element concentrations obtained for international geochemical reference standards are of high precision, and agree well with recommended values obtained by other methods. 相似文献
7.
Placer deposits mark the ultimate stage of mineral separation in clastic sediments by physical processes in an aquatic regime, whereas duricrusts are an example of extreme element separation by chemical processes in continental environments of deposition. In Quaternary sediments in SE Germany such contrasting types of sediments formed on the NE Bavarian Basement which is underlain by metamorphic and pegmatitic rocks reflecting intense primary element differentiation by themselves. 相似文献
8.
西安地裂缝与地面沉降灾害经济损失评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了深入分析西安地裂缝与地面沉降灾害致灾特点及定量评价其经济损失,在中国地质调查局于2004-2006年开展的西安地区地裂缝与地面沉降调查所取得的成果资料基础上,通过综合分析研究得出,西安地裂缝与地面沉降的致灾特点具有直接性、三维破坏性、三维空间有限性、渐进性和持久性。采用终值法、影子工程法、统计推断法、重置成本法、建造成本或工程费用法、灾情对比法、间接损失与直接损失比例法和权重分解法评价得出地裂缝与地面沉降灾害在1976-2006年造成经济损失为117亿元,其中直接损失71亿元,间接损失46亿元。 相似文献
9.
海底泉在滨海地下水排泄过程中起着重要的作用。本文给出了含有一个海底泉的在海底延伸的越流承压含水层系统中地下水水头在海潮作用下波动的近似解析解。该含水层顶底板隔水且向海底延伸有限距离。假设含水层的海底露头被一层隔水层覆盖,海底泉由一个渗透性很好的完全穿透海底含水层硕板的圆柱体渗漏天窗（海底泉孔）来表示。近似解析解中包含了6个参数：承压含水层的海潮传播参数,海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离,表示泉的圆柱体的等效半径,海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离,承压含水层的海潮载荷效率和弱透水层的越流。分析表明,如果海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径,且海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径时,解析解的近似误差可以忽略。然后本文讨论了解析解的两个基本性质,分析了海底泉对海底地下水水头波动的影响。 相似文献
10.
Yu. V. Balabin É. V. Vashenyuk O. V. Mingalev A. I. Podgorny I. M. Podgorny 《Astronomy Reports》2005,49(10):837-846
Analysis of the relativistic proton spectra of solar flares occurring in the 23rd solar activity cycle derived from data of a worldwide neutron monitor network and numerical modeling both provide evidence for the acceleration of charged particles by an electric field that arises in coronal current sheets during reconnection. The method used to obtain the spectra is based on simulating the response of a neutron monitor to an anisotropic flux of relativistic solar protons with specified parameters and determining the characteristics of the primary relativistic solar protons by fitting model responses to the observations. Studies of the dynamics of the energy spectra distinguish two populations of relativistic protons in solar cosmic-ray events: the so-called fast component, which arrives at the flux front of the solar cosmic rays, followed by the delayed slow component. The fast component is characterized by strong anisotropy and an exponential energy spectrum, in agreement with the spectrum yielded by mathematical modeling of particle acceleration by an electric field directed along the X line of the magnetic field. The slow component, whose propagation is probably diffusive, has a power-law spectrum. 相似文献
11.
12.
David H. Schoellhamer 《Estuaries and Coasts》2011,34(5):885-899
The quantity of suspended sediment in an estuary is regulated either by transport, where energy or time needed to suspend
sediment is limiting, or by supply, where the quantity of erodible sediment is limiting. This paper presents a hypothesis
that suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) in estuaries can suddenly decrease when the threshold from transport to supply
regulation is crossed as an erodible sediment pool is depleted. This study was motivated by a statistically significant 36%
step decrease in SSC in San Francisco Bay from water years 1991–1998 to 1999–2007. A quantitative conceptual model of an estuary
with an erodible sediment pool and transport or supply regulation of sediment transport is developed. Model results confirm
that, if the regulation threshold was crossed in 1999, SSC would decrease rapidly after water year 1999 as observed. Estuaries
with a similar history of a depositional sediment pulse followed by erosion may experience sudden clearing. 相似文献
13.
Manfred Schidlowski 《地学学报》1991,3(5):472-476
Current pollution of the total environment is caused by waste products of the extrasomatic metabolism of Homo sapiens who, since the beginnings of the industrial revolution, has raised his energy consumption by a factor of 10–20 above the basic metabolic rate of the single individual. While the increased energy flow through the human ecosystem has brought about an improvement of the human condition unprecedented in the history of mankind (including a doubling of the average life expectancy), it is beset also with an intrinsic maladaptive potential for the possible emergence of an autotoxic effect. The future of high-energy (industrial) societies will, accordingly depend on man's capability to maintain an adequate energy flow while hopefully minimizing the potential impact of autotoxicity on his environment by suitable technological fixes. 相似文献
14.
Javier Sánchez-España Alfonso García de Cortázar Pedro Gil Francisco Velasco 《Mineralium Deposita》2002,37(2):240-243
A new world-class stratiform magnesite deposit has been recently discovered near the village of Borobia in Soria, Spain. The mineralization consists of a 25-45 m massive to banded magnesite layer sandwiched in between a Lower Cambrian carbonate formation and an upper shale horizon. It forms an arcuate belt striking NW-SE to W-E, which outcrops for 7.3 km in two elevations separated by a central valley that is covered by a thin layer of Pleistocene sediments. The orebody is confined by two regionally important faults and is probably associated with the dolomitization and silicification of the Cambrian limestones. Geological ore resources are estimated to exceed 175 Mt with MgO contents varying from 36 to 47% by weight. At present, the owners, Magnesitas y Dolomías de Borobia, S.L., are at an advanced stage of planning for extraction. This report presents some results of an ongoing geological exploration programme and shows the general features of the geology and mineralogy of the Borobia deposit. 相似文献
15.
HELENE BERGSTEN KJELL NORDBERG 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1993,22(4):311-318
Foraminifera, pollen, lithology and radiocarbon dates from a core in the southern Kattegat provide a rare opportunity to obtain data relating to environmental conditions during the Middle Weichselian in the offshore Kattegat. This core is also correlated with an adjacent second core. Redeposited Eemian foraminifera and pollen occur in the Middle Weichselian sediments. This is interpreted as a result of reworking by an active Middle Weichselian ice present in, or advancing from, a northeasterly to easterly direction. During a second phase the Middle Weichselian sediments were compacted, probably a result of overriding by an ice from the northeast during the Middle Weichselian and/or the Late Weichselian Maximum. The Middle Weichselian sequence is overlain by a Holocene sequence which, in turn, is overlain by an admixture of Middle Weichselian and Holocene sediments. This mixing may be a result of tectonic activity some time between 7300 and 1000 BP. The core ends in Holocene fine sediments representing the last c. 1000 years. 相似文献
16.
Modeling of wave propagation induced by underground explosion 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A piecewise linear Drucker–Prager strength criterion and an isotropic continuum damage model with the damage scalar depending on an equivalent tensile strain are suggested to model rock mass behavior under blast loading. A rate-dependent constitutive relation is employed to model the energy dissipation caused by two sources, namely irreversible degradation of damage and permanent deformation caused by plasticity. The suggested model is incorporated with a commercially available software AUTODYN through its user’s subroutine function. Coupling of Euler and Lagrange processors are used to include all the materials under consideration such as explosive, air and rock mass, in the calculation. Using AUTODYN and the suggested model, shock wave propagation in rock mass induced by an underground explosion is simulated. Numerical results obtained agree favorably well with those obtained from an independently conducted field test. It demonstrates that the suggested model can be used to predict the damage area, plastic zone and ground motions generated by underground explosions. 相似文献
17.
高填方地基土工离心模型试验技术研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以模型试验的相似理论为基础,结合九寨黄龙机场高填方地基工程实例,详细阐述了高填方地基离心模型试验技术,即对九寨黄龙机场104 m高填方地基的离心模型试验,采用等应力局部模型设计方案,以剔除法和等量代替法配制填料,以等效法模拟软弱地基强夯处理,并以增大离心加速度的方法模拟高填方地基的填筑加载过程;试验结果表明,高填方地基的总体沉降特征为"沉降大、压实快";土体的压实沉降主要发生在施工期;试验中高填方地基施工结束时土体的沉降固结度已完成90%以上,施工结束后土体产生的沉降量还不到土体总沉降量的10%. 相似文献
18.
Point-feature cartographic label placement (PFCLP) involves placing labels adjacent to their corresponding point features on a map. A widely accepted goal of PFCLP is to maximize the number of conflict-free labels. This paper presents an algorithm for PFCLP based on the four-slider (4S) model. The algorithm is composed of two phases: an initialization phase during which an initial solution is constructed by an exact algorithm and a heuristic method to maximize the probability of conflict-free labels. The initialization phase is followed by an improvement phase that adopts a backtracking greedy search. The exact algorithm can find a portion of the conflict-free labels in an optimal solution and an extension of the exact algorithm is provided that can find additional conflict-free labels. Computational tests were performed for instances based on standard sets. The two-phase algorithm generated better solutions relative to all methods previously reported in the literature. It also executes at a reasonable speed and is more stable than most other methods. 相似文献
19.
Dr. Harald Carstens 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,14(4):316-320
The equilibrium precipitate formed by exsolution in alkali feldspar containing calcium in solid solution is a two-phase intergrowth of plagioclase and quartz. It is the kinetics of the precipitation, however, which decides whether or not this reaction will take place. It is shown that lamellar growth of plagioclase and quartz is only accomplished by the advancement of an incoherent boundary originating at an alkali feldspar — alkali feldspar boundary or at an interface between alkali feldspar and plagioclase. 相似文献
20.
Applying disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to simulate Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Amir Reza Beyabanaki Amvrossios C. Bagtzoglou Lanbo Liu 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2016,11(3):177-188
In this paper, for the first time, disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is applied to simulate a real landslide triggered by an earthquake. For this purpose, the kinematic behaviour of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake is simulated and the results obtained using disk-based DDA are compared with actual data. The comparisons show that there is a good agreement between the results obtained using disk-based DDA and observed data. The simulation results provided an understanding of the failure behaviour and temporal evolution of the landslide. This study shows that disk-based DDA is a practical numerical tool that can be used to simulate the post-failure behaviour of landslides triggered by an earthquake. 相似文献