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1.
庐山变质核杂岩伸展拆离和岩浆作用的年代学约束 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
庐山变质核杂岩是华南中生代岩石圈减薄事件的浅层响应。研究伸展拆离和岩浆作用在其形成过程中的相互关系,对于认识地壳浅层的伸展减薄过程和变质核杂岩的形成机制具有重要的意义。在宏观和显微构造研究的基础上,分别对基底拆离断层和玉京山岩体进行了40Ar/39Ar年代学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,为伸展拆离和岩浆作用提供了年代学约束,主要获得了以下认识:(1)变质核杂岩核部玉京山花岗岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄为(133.0±2.1)Ma,代表了变质核杂岩核部岩浆活动的启动时间。(2)基底拆离断层下盘韧性剪切带内的白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄(140.4±1.7)Ma代表了庐山变质核杂岩的形成时间,也代表了庐山地区岩石圈伸展减薄的时间,即岩石圈伸展减薄始于早白垩世。(3)庐山变质核杂岩是中生代不同尺度的伸展拆离和岩浆活动共同作用的结果,在地壳浅层的具体形成过程中伸展拆离早于岩浆侵位,基底拆离断层的减压效应为深部岩浆的上升侵位创造了条件,岩浆侵位造成山体的隆升,又引发了盖层的重力滑脱。 相似文献
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华夏地块前加里东期变质基底的特征以及深部地壳性质 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对华夏地块前加里东期变质基底的地质、地球化学以及变质作用的研究，结合岩浆岩的同位素年代学和地球化学“示踪”研究，认为华夏地块深部存在时代为２５００—２７５０Ｍａ的太古代地壳，而时限为１８５０—１９５０Ｍａ的中条（浙闽）运动是该区一次重要的造壳运动，形成了该区分布广泛的早元古代的结晶基底。华夏地块深部地壳的物质组成是比较复杂的，但主体由长英质岩石组成，因此华夏地块老地壳活化再造作用表现较为强烈。其下地壳由于受深熔作用影响形成大量花岗质岩浆向中、上地壳运移侵位，其物质成分也由富花岗质向贫花岗质中（—基）性变化。 相似文献
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莫霍面,下地壳与岩浆作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
美国地质学会近期在意大利北部阿尔卑斯山区召开的关于地壳分异作用的Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ会议,以Ｉｖｒｅａ带大陆地壳剖面为样板,讨论了与大陆生长和演化有关的主要过程。文中结合会议情况,评述了岩浆作用与大陆生长、莫霍面演化和地壳动力学的关系。大陆壳特有的成分和大的花岗岩基的形成,要求下地壳有大体积的基性超镁铁质岩存在。这样的基性超镁铁质岩,既可能代表囤积在下地壳的幔源岩浆,也可能是幔源岩浆分异的堆积岩,或是在壳内分异作用过程中产生出花岗质熔体后的残余体。在伸展构造区,幔源岩浆的底侵作用强烈地影响了大陆壳的结构、组成和热状态,而在陆陆碰撞带,由于地壳加厚,下地壳的基性超镁铁质岩石会转变为“榴辉岩”,促进地壳沉没作用和下地壳拆沉作用。由于地壳岩石的榴辉岩相变质作用,地球物理莫霍面与壳幔边界可能并不对应。莫霍面和地壳对岩浆的密度过滤作用,又控制了大陆壳中岩浆的侵位和演化。 相似文献
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武当地块基性岩度群岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
南秦岭构造带武当地块核部的基性岩席群,是在古生代地幔底侵作用导致地壳伸展过程中岩浆沿主拆离面及基底变质岩群内次一级滑脱面侵位形成。岩席群岩石地球化学特征的研究表明,其主元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学与勉略缝合带发育的蛇绿岩组合中的辉绿岩和大洋玄武岩之岩石地球化学特点相似,结合同位素地质学资料,本认为武当地块基性岩席群所代表的这次拉伸作用与略洋的打开是同一构造背景下不同阶段的产物。 相似文献
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山东半岛于220-120Ma时出现过3次地壳熔融事件。断裂花岗质岩浆带中,有3个亚旋回的花岗质岩浆活动过,其中包含了5个独立的岩石系列。最初形成的岩系的母岩浆,起源于麻粒岩相的下地壳。随地热的增高,岩浆起源层向角闪岩质的中地壳转移。在底辟花岗质岩浆带,先是从上地壳花岗质层生成岩浆,之后由中地壳产生岩浆。各亚旋回是以较富镁铁的岩浆的产生为起始,以生成近底共熔的岩浆为终结,它们是在特定层位以分层熔融形式生成的。 相似文献
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武当地块基性岩席群及其地质意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
侵位于武当地块内部的大量的板状为基性侵入体近年来一直被认为是800Ma左右发生的扬子古大陆裂解的重要依据。然而作者在武当地块北缘与西南部所做的1：5万地质填图以及相应的构造学和同位素年代学研究表明，它们与武当地块顺层伸展滑脱构造主滑脱面之顺层韧性一韧性变形带有密切的空间关系，是被褶皱了的岩席群。最新获得的岩体单颗粒锆石U－Pb年龄为401－407Ma，结合已有的地球化学研究成果，并考虑到邻区同时代碱性岩浆的侵位，作者认为，这套基性岩群代表了泥盆纪时南秦岭地区曾发生过大规模的上地幔岩浆的底侵作用，并因此导致南秦岭上部地壳的伸展减薄。 相似文献
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华北中部带是一条古元古代陆-陆碰撞带,沿此碰撞带华北东部陆块与西部陆块拼合形成统一克拉通基底。近期获得的地质、构造、地球化学和同位素资料显示,华北中部带是在位于东、西陆块之间的古大洋岩石圈向东部陆块下面俯冲所形成的大陆边缘弧或日本式岛弧基础上发展而成。在2550~2520Ma期间,俯冲致使中-下地壳发生部分熔融,导致大量花岗质岩浆上侵至地壳浅部层次,形成与绿岩伴生的花岗质侵入体。在2530~2520Ma期间,大洋岩石圈俯冲和脱水导致其上部的地幔楔发生部分熔融,熔浆喷出地表形成中部带内绿岩组合中的镁铁质-长英质火山岩。同时,广泛的镁铁质-长英质熔浆上侵导致一些弧后或弧间盆地在中部带内形成。在2520~2475Ma期间,大洋岩石圈俯冲导致下地壳进一步熔融,形成钙碱性花岗质岩浆,在中部带内形成大量TTG岩套。在元古宙期间,由于弧后盆地的进一步拉张,华北中部带内经历了2360Ma、~2250Ma、2110~21760Ma和~2050Ma等若干幕偏碱性花岗质岩浆活动.与此同时,在这些弧后盆地或弧间盆地形成一系列古元古代火山-沉积建造。在2150~1920Ma期间,可能由于大洋中脊的俯冲,华北中部带经历一次强烈的拉张事件... 相似文献
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S. V. Khromykh A. A. Tsygankov G. N. Burmakina P. D. Kotler E. N. Sokolova 《Petrology》2018,26(4):368-388
The paper reports results of petrological-geochemical, isotope, and geochronological studies of the Preobrazhenka gabbro–granitoid massif located in the Altai collisional system of Hercynides, Eastern Kazakhstan. The massif shows evidence for the interaction of compositionally contrasting magmas during its emplacement. Mineralogical–petrological and geochemical studies indicate that the gabbroid rocks of the massif were formed through differentiation of primary trachybasaltic magma and its interaction with crustal anatectic melts. Origin of the granitoid rocks is related to melting of crustal protoliths under the thermal effect of mafic melts. The mantle–crust interaction occurred in several stages and at different depths. A model proposed here to explain the intrusion formation suggests subsequent emplacement of basite magmas in lithosphere and their cooling, melting of crustal protolith, emplacement at the upper crustal levels and cooling of the granitoid and basite magmas. It was concluded that the formation of gabbro-granitoid intrusive massifs serves as an indicator of active mantle–crust interaction at the late evolutionary stages of accretionary–collisional belts, when strike-slip pull-apart deformations causes the high permeability of lithosphere. 相似文献
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The late Hercynian tectonic evolution of the Calabria crust is characterized by peak metamorphic conditions up to 800 °C and 1000 MPa, and coeval mid‐crustal granitoid emplacement at 304–300 Ma. To check if a post‐collisional extensional framework, similar to that of other Hercynian massifs, can explain petrologic data, we model the pressure–temperature evolution of the crust during extension following granitoid emplacement. Model parameters are constrained by petrologic, geochemical and structural data. Computed P–T paths are characterized by nearly isothermal decompression followed by isobaric cooling, which show a good fit to petrologic P–T paths for duration of extension between 5 and 10 Ma. The model results, therefore, support an interpretation of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the Calabria crust in terms of the late Hercynian extension. In this framework, slab break‐off is a reasonable explanation for the common evolution of the southern European Hercynian massifs. 相似文献
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华北克拉通岩石圈减薄和破坏机理长期以来存在争议,基于岩石学、岩石地球的化学分析研究突出强调深部过程的重要性。前人提出了两种重要模式:包括以拆沉作用为代表的top-down tectonics模型和以热-机械侵蚀与化学侵蚀,或地幔置换、交代作用的bottom-up tectonics模型。然而,对于这两种模式而言尚存在许多无法合理解释的问题,比如在此深部过程中,区域性岩石圈伸展有多大的贡献?地壳伸展构造是作为深部过程的响应,还是同为岩石圈伸展的产物?本文基于早白垩世东亚地区(尤其是华北克拉通东部地区)伸展构造与岩浆活动的综合分析,揭示出华北克拉通东部不同地区伸展构造变形与岩浆活动之间的时、空和成因关系有一定的差异。但整体上看,岩石圈伸展起着主导作用,控制着岩浆上侵和就位,在拆离断层下盘侵入形成各种规模的花岗质为主的侵入体,或于上盘喷发形成火山-沉积岩盆地。在伸展构造发育的不同阶段,可以有伸展早期、伸展期及伸展期后的岩浆活动。岩浆活动的强度及岩浆源区特点有显著的时空变化。一方面,在同一地区不同演化阶段其源区有很大的差异。表现为主体上是早期以古老下地壳源为主,随着壳/幔伸展作用演化,逐渐向混合源或独立幔源的演化。同时,不同地区岩浆源区的变化规律也显著不同。以胶辽地区为例,胶东整体上是壳幔混合源区对于岩浆演化有重要贡献;而辽东地区具有显著的源区演化特点:从剪切早期古老下地壳源区为主,并伴有幔源物质加入,剪切期古老下地壳为主,到剪切晚期和剪切期后以新生下地壳为主。本文认为岩石圈伸展的壳/幔拆离模型(Parallel Extension Tectonics),可以合理地解释华北克拉通及邻区早白垩世构造-岩浆活动性。在该模型中,遭受伸展的华北克拉通岩石圈发生壳-幔拆离作用。在岩石圈伸展作用期间,地壳层次的拆离作用与岩石圈地幔层次上的拆离作用可以是耦合的或者是解耦的,从而导致华北克拉通岩石圈减薄过程中在地壳尺度上的拆离作用与变质核杂岩的剥露有三种不同的类型:同岩浆活动型伸展(C型:Co-magmatism mode extension)、无岩浆活动型伸展(A型:Amagmatism mode extension)和多阶段混合型(M型:Multi-mode extension)。 相似文献
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由基底片麻岩（内核）、剥离断层（接合面）及滑覆层状岩系（外壳）构成的佛坪穹隆构造,从其岩石组成、早期的运动学特征、变质变形改造和同位素测年资料综合分析,表明佛坪穹隆可能形成于印支期的主造山期前,并受印支期主造山期褶皱变形和燕山期逆冲、走滑作用的叠加改造。它经历了中元古代—前印支期隆－滑构造形成阶段,而与造山后期变质核杂岩明显不同,在造山带构造演化中具有重要意义。隆－滑构造发生的深部背景是造山带岩石圈垂向加积增生作用。该穹隆突出而重要地参与了秦岭造山带的形成与演化,具有重要的大陆动力学意义。 相似文献
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J. Brendan Murphy 《International Geology Review》2020,62(6):683-713
ABSTRACTAppinite complexes preserve evidence of mantle processes that produce voluminous granitoid batholiths. These plutonic complexes range from ultramafic to felsic in composition, deep to shallow emplacement, and from Neo-Archean to Recent in age. Appinites are a textural family characterized by idiomorphic hornblende in all lithologies, and spectacular textures including coarse-grained mafic pegmatites, fine-grained ‘salt-and-pepper’ gabbros, as well as planar and linear fabrics. Magmas are bimodal (mafic-felsic) in composition; ultramafic rocks are cumulates, intermediate rocks are hybrids. Their geochemistry is profoundly influenced by a mantle wedge extensively metasomatized by fluids/magmas produced by subduction. Melting of spinel peridotite sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) produces appinites whose geochemistry is indistinguishable from coeval low-K calc-alkalic arc magmatism. Coeval felsic rocks within appinite complexes and adjacent granitoid batholiths are crustal magmas. When subduction terminates, asthenospheric upwelling (e.g. in a slab window, or in the aftermath of slab failure) induces melting of metasomatized garnet SCLM to produce K-rich sho shonitic magmas enriched in large ionic lithophile and light relative to heavy rare earth elements, whose asthenospheric component can be identified by Sm-Nd isotopic signatures. Coeval late-stage Ba-Sr granitoid magmas have a ‘slab failure’ geochemistry, resemble TTG and adakitic suites, and are formed either by fractionation of an enriched (shoshonitic) mafic magma, or high pressure melting of a meta-basaltic protolith either at the base of the crust or along the upper portion of the subducted slab. Appinite complexes may be the crustal representation of mafic magma that underplated the crust for the duration of arc magmatism. They were preferentially emplaced along fault zones around the periphery of the granitoid batholiths (where their ascent is not blocked by overlying felsic magma), and as enclaves within granitoid batholiths. When subduction ceases, appinite complexes with a more pronounced asthenospheric component are preferentially emplaced along active faults that bound the periphery of the batholiths. 相似文献
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Recent detailed field studies in several anorthosite complexes have shown that anorthosites are frequently associated with weakness zones in the crust which may have favoured their emplacement at mid-crust levels. Recent experimental data have shown that the parent magma compositions of various anorthosite massifs lie on thermal highs in the relevant phase diagrams at 10–13 kbar, indicating that these magmas cannot be derived by fractionation of peridotitic mantle melts but by melting of gabbronoritic sources in the lower crust at 40–50 km depths. In the Sveconorwegian Province terne boundaries have been traced in deep seismic profiles to Moho offsets or to tongues of lower crustal material underthrust to depths higher than 40 km. In Southern Norway, we suggest that a lithospheric-scale weakness zone (the Feda transition zone?) has channelled the Rogaland anorthosites through linear delamination, asthenospheric uprise and melting of a mafic lower crustal tongue. 相似文献
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南秦岭勉略带北光头山花岗岩体群的成因及其构造意义 总被引：31，自引：15，他引：31
南秦岭勉略带北部花岗岩体从闪长岩到花岗闪长岩和花岗岩变化,反映了钙碱性岩岩石组合特征,矿物组成以长石、石英、黑云母和少量角闪石为主,副矿物有锆石、磷灰石、磁铁矿和榍石,岩石化学上它们相对高K、Sr,Zr／Y比值较高,富集LEE和LILE,贫化HFSE,与后碰撞富钾钙碱性I型花岗岩特征一致。此外,它们明显亏损Nb、Ta,低Y、Yb和有较高的 LaN／YbN和Sr／Y比值,多数岩体发育淬冷岩浆结构的暗色闪长质微粒包体,包体与寄主花岗岩的稀土及微量元素存在明显差异,证明它们是地壳增厚背景下,可能由下部地壳拆沉作用导致的分别来自幔源和下部地壳熔融的二元岩浆混合演化的产物。个别高分异岩体的Fetot／Mg比值高、明显亏损Sr、Ba、Ti、P,呈现了向强分异A型花岗岩过渡的后碰撞富钾过铝偏碱性花岗岩特征。因此,结合西部岩体形成年代早于东部岩体分析,西部形成时代较早偏中基性的含有大量闪长质微粒包体的岩体代表了早期下部地壳拆沉作用的发生,东部形成较晚分异程度高的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩体的出现指示了南、北两大陆块碰撞汇聚后向伸展的转折,而更晚期高度分异的姜家坪富钾花岗岩体的出现则表明秦岭造山带已进入主碰撞结束期的伸展拉张演化阶段,并预示了新的板内演化期的到来。 相似文献
18.
R. Offler 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):443-455
In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO2‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite. 相似文献
19.
Hot granulite nappes — Tectonic styles and thermal evolution of the Proterozoic granulite belts in East Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Harald Fritz Veronika Tenczer Christoph Hauzenberger Eckart Wallbrecher Sospeter Muhongo 《Tectonophysics》2009,477(3-4):160
A section through the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Belt of Tanzania exposes western foreland (Archaean Tanzania Craton and Palaeoproterozoic Usagaran Belt), marginal (Western Granulites) and eastern, internal (Eastern Granulites) portions of the orogen. The assembly of granulite nappes at ca. 620 Ma displays westward emplacement along an eastward deepening basal decollement and forward propagation of thrusts, climbing from the deep crust to the surface. This goes along with eastward increase of syntectonic temperatures, derived from prevalent deformation mechanisms, and eastward decrease of the kinematic vorticity number. Distinctly different pressure - temperature paths with a branch of isothermal decompression (ITD) in Western Granulites and isobaric cooling (IBC) in Eastern Granulites reflect residence times of rocks within lower crustal levels. Western Granulites, exhumed rapidly at the orogen margin, display ITD and non-coaxial fabrics. Eastern Granulites in the internal orogen portions escaped from rapid exhumation and show IBC and co-axial flow fabrics. The vertical variation of structural elements, i.e. basement — cover relations within the Eastern Granulites, shows decoupling between lower and middle crust with horizontal west — east stretching in the basement and horizontal west — east shortening in the cover.A model of hot fold nappes [Beaumont, C., Nguyen, M.H., Jamieson, R.A., Ellis, S., 2006. Crustal flow modes in large hot orogens. In: Law, R.D., Searle, M.P., Godin, L., (eds). Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. vol. 268, 91–145] is adopted to explain flow diversity in the deep crust. The lower crust represented by Eastern Granulite basement flowed coaxially outwards (westward) in response to thickened crust and elevated gravitational forces, supported by a melt-weakened, viscous channel at the crustal base. Horizontal flow with rates faster than thermal equilibration gave rise to isobaric cooling. Simultaneously the mid crust (Eastern Granulite cover) was shortened when hot fold nappes moved along upward climbing thrust planes. Western Granulites preserved isothermal decompression through exhumation by thrusting and coeval erosion at the orogen front.Two different styles define the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen between northern Egypt and southern Mozambique. The Arabian Nubian Shield in the north is classified as small and cold orogen in which thin — skinned thrusting was associated with lateral extrusion. The Central Mozambique Belt in Tanzania/Southern Kenya is classified as large and hot orogen characterized by thick-skinned thrusting and assembly of large granulite nappes. 相似文献
20.
Zircon Inheritance Reveals Exceptionally Fast Crustal Magma Generation Processes in Central Iberia during the Cambro-Ordovician 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Variscan basement of the Central Iberian Zone contains abundantCambro-Ordovician calc-alkaline to peraluminous metagranitesand metavolcanic rocks with two notable features: first, theywere apparently produced with no connection to any major tectonicor metamorphic event; second, they have an unusually high zirconinheritance. U–Pb dating combined with cathodoluminescenceimaging reveals that about 70–80%, in some samples nearer100%, of the zircon grains contain inherited pre-magmatic cores,despite the temperature reached by the magmas (about 900°C,calculated using the Ti-in-zircon thermometer) being high enoughto dissolve all the available zircon (from the rock's zirconsaturation temperature, 770–860°C). The fact thatthe dissolution of zircon was so incomplete can only be attributedto the kinetics of heat transfer to and from the magmas. Three-dimensionalmodeling of zircon dissolution behavior in melts with a compositionsimilar to the Iberian Cambro-Ordovician magmas indicates thatthe survival of zircons from the suggested late Pan-Africanprotolith would be possible only if melt production was rapid,specifically less than 104 years, and probably about 2 x 103years, from the beginning of melting (700°C) to the thermalpeak (900°C). Melt production was followed by fast magmatransfer to upper crustal levels resulting either in surfaceeruption or in the emplacement of small (< 400 m thick) sillsor laccoliths. We suggest that these elevated rates of crustalmelting could only have been caused by intrusion of mantle-derivedmafic magmas, most probably at the base of the crust. This scenariois consistent with a rifting regime in which crust and mantlewere mechanically decoupled; this would explain the scarcityof contemporaneous crustal deformation. Furthermore, fast meltingrates in the lower crust followed by fast melt transportationto the upper crust could also explain the lack of contemporaneousmetamorphism. The speed of the partial melting process resultedin the production of felsic magmas that inherited the geochemicalcharacteristics of their granitoid crustal protolith. This explainsthe apparent contradiction between the calc-alkaline to peraluminousgeochemical characteristics of the magmas and the inferred extensional(i.e. rift-related) tectonic setting. Our model is compatiblewith the hypothesis of fragmentation and dispersal of terranesfrom the northern margin of Gondwana that led to the openingof the Rheic and Galicia–South Brittany oceans and, ultimately,caused the detachment of the Iberian microplate from Armoricaand Gondwana during the early Paleozoic. KEY WORDS: igneous petrology; migmatite; granite; geochemistry; crustal contamination; ICP-MS; laser ablation 相似文献