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1.
The distribution of plant species and relationships between species and soil factors in the east central part of Gurbantunggut Desert was studied to provide more insight into the flora and determine differences in vegetation across various parts of the desert. Two-way Cluster Analysis showed that the vegetation in the area could be divided into three groups, the first group was dominated by the shrub species, Ephedra przewalskii and the grass species, Carex physodes mainly in areas of flat grounds and gentle slopes; the second group was dominated by C. physodes, Artemisia songorica and A. xerophytica mainly on the slope of sand dunes and the third group was dominated by the shrub species, Haloxylon persicum mainly on the top of sand dunes. There was no difference in plant density between Groups 1 and 2 but there was a significant decrease in Group 3. Soil water under vegetation Group 3 was much lower than that in the other two groups at all soil depths. The EC, organic matter, total P and soluble Na, Ca and Mg varied very similarly with soil water. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) satisfactorily assessed the species-soil relations in the area. The distribution of plant species was strongly correlated with the soil factors of water content, organic matter, EC and nutrients. The variations in species occurrence explained by the three CCA axes were about 70%, indicating that some explanatory site variables may exist outside our studied parameters. Soil texture is suggested to be included in future studies to improve the explanation of CCA. 相似文献
2.
塔里木河下游植被生态需水量(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
We have appraised the relationships between soil moisture,groundwater depth, and plant species diversity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in western China,by analyzing field data from 25 monitoring wells across eight study sites and 25 permanent vegetation survey plots.It is noted that groundwater depth,soil moisture and plant species diversity are closely related.It has been proven that the critical phreatic water depth is five meters in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.We acquired the mean phreatic evaporation of different groundwater levels every month by averaging the two results of phreatic evaporation using the Qunk and Averyanov formulas.Based on different vegetation types and acreage with different groundwater depth,the total ecological water demand(EWD)of natural vegetation in 2005 was 2.4×108m 3in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Analyzing the monthly EWD,we found that the EWD in the growth season(from April to September)is 81%of the year's total EWD.The EWD in May,June and July was 47%of the year's total EWD,which indicates the best time for dispensing artificial water.This research aims at realizing the sustainable development of water resources and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and sound collocation of the Tarim River Basin. 相似文献
3.
CheSalmahM.R WahizatulAfzanA. 《湿地科学》2004,2(3):184-191
Odonata larvae and adults were collected from fourteen sites of various habitats including rivers, rice fields, mountain streams, freshwater and peat swamps, oil palm, sugarcane and rubber plantations and lake. Out of 51 species recorded, Libellulidae made up the most dominant of 10 families followed by Gomphidae and Coenagrionidae. Other families were less common. Riverine and stream ecosystems were the most diverse, both with six families and 19 and 13 species respectively. In the rice fields, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae were represented by 17 and seven species respectively. The poorest fauna of Odonata was recorded from a lake system. A few of libellulids were found to be pollution tolerant and widespread in distribution. Many odonate species were restricted to preferred habitats or water parameter gradients that could be used as bioindicators of respective habitats or parameters. 相似文献
4.
We analyzed dust event occurrence and its seasonal distribution at 16 sites in the Tarim Basin,China.Although the overall frequency of dust events was the highest in spring in this region,its variation in other seasons could be classified into three patterns:(1) frequency of dust events in autumn > that in summer > that in winter(at the Kashi and Kuche sites);(2) frequency in summer > that in winter > that in autumn(at the Ruoqiang site);and(3) frequency in summer > that in autumn > that in winter(at all other areas of the Tarim Basin).The frequency of dust events and their seasonal variations in the Tarim Basin were mainly controlled by wind speed and locally available dust sources;the former was the key control when dust sources did not differ significantly.The seasonal variation in evaporation had a smaller,but still significant effect on the frequency of dust events. 相似文献
5.
Wu Li Sun Xiaoling Sun Wei Zhu Cheng Zhu Tongxin Lu Shuguang Zhou Hui Guo Qingchun Guan Houchun Xie Wei Ke Rui Lin Guiping 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(9):1451-1466
Based on archaeological surveys of Neolithic cultural development and GIS spatial analysis,this study reproduced the main characteristics of temporal distribution and settlement selection of the sites from the Neolithic Age in Anhui and identified a relationship between environmental evolution and human activity.The results show that altitude,slope direction,and slope gradient were consistent among the settlements at different stages of the Neolithic Age in Anhui,and the sites were mostly distributed in hilly and plain areas on southeast-or south-facing slopes of low gradients close to rivers.We determined that early Neolithic Age(9.0–7.0 ka BP) sites were scattered in small numbers and likely had little cultural exchange with communities of other provinces.The environmental characteristics of various regions in Anhui indicated that the climate was warm and humid with extensive water distribution.The sites of the mid Neolithic Age(7.0–5.0 ka BP) increased rapidly with wide distribution.They were mainly distributed in the plain area north of the Huaihe River and the southwestern areas of Anhui.In the mid Neolithic Age,the warm and humid climate gradually dried,and our ancestors slowly developed cultural exchanges.The largest number of sites existed during the late Neolithic Age(5.0–4.0 ka BP),and were distributed throughout the province.During this period,the overall climate was relatively dry,but humans could still obtain water and other resources through migration.The relatively benign climate facilitated cultural interaction and exchange,which increased during this time,and the Wanjiang culture matured.We also determined that as early civilization evolved,cultures in different regions responded differently to environmental changes.In humid subtropical regions,especially in low-lying plains and areas beside lakes,rivers,and coastal areas,the relatively dry climate in the late period of the middle Holocene,prefaced by a period of high humidity,was conducive to the development of human culture.The evidence from the Neolithic settlements in Anhui therefore reflects this subtropical man-land relationship between cultural development and environmental conditions. 相似文献
6.
塔里木河下游土壤水分和地下水位变化对植被的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Based on data collected over five years of monitoring the Lower Tarim River,we analyzed the variability of soil moisture content (SMC) and the relationship between SMC,groundwater table depth (GWD) and vegetation by using the methods of coefficient of variation (Cv),Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the variability of SMC indicate that it rose with increase in depth of soil layer -SMC in the soil layer of 0-60 cm was relatively small compared to SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm which showed a significant increase in variability. SMC and GWD before and after ecological water diversions exhibited significant differences at the site of the Yingsu transect and its vicinity of the watercourse,especially SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm increased significantly with a significant rise of GWD and reached maximum values at a GWD of about 4 m. Plant coverage and species diversity significantly improved with increases in SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm,both of them approached the maximum values and 92.3% of major plant species were able to grow when SMC was > 10%. To restore the ecosystem of desert riparian forest along the Lower Tarim River,the GWD must be maintained at < 4 m in the vicinity of the watercourse and at about 4 m for the rest of this arid region. 相似文献
7.
泾河中游全新世古洪水沉积学与水文学研究(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Palaeo-hydrological field investigation was carried out in the middle reaches of the Jinghe River. A set of palaeoflood slackwater deposit beds was identified in the Holocene loess-soil sequence in the riverbanks. The sediment samples were collected from the profile, and the particle-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition were analyzed in laboratory. The analytical results showed that the palaeoflood slackwater deposits have re-corded extraordinary flood events in the Jinghe River valley. According to stratigraphic cor-relation and OSL dating, the palaeoflood events were dated to 4100-4000 a BP. The pa-laeoflood peak discharges were estimated to be 19,410-22,280 m3/s by using the hydro-logical model and checked by different approaches. These results have the flood data se-quence of the Jinghe River extended to 10,000-year time-scale. It provided significant data for hydraulic engineering and for mitigation of flood hazards in the Jinghe River drainage basin. 相似文献
8.
How species diversity–productivity relationships respond to temporal dynamics and land use is still not clear in semi-arid grassland
ecosystems. We analyzed seasonal changes of the relationships between vegetation cover, plant density, species richness, and aboveground
biomass in grasslands under grazing and exclosure in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China. Our results showed that in
grazed and fenced grassland, vegetation cover, richness, and biomass were lower in April than in August, whereas plant density
showed a reverse trend. Vegetation cover during the growing season and biomass in June and August were higher in fenced grassland
than in grazed grassland, whereas plant density in April and June was lower in fenced grassland than in grazed grassland. A negative
relationship between species richness and biomass was found in August in fenced grassland, and in grazed grassland the relationship
between plant density and biomass changed from positive in April to negative in August. The relationship between the density of the
dominant plant species and the total biomass also varied with seasonal changes and land use (grazing and exclosure). These results
suggest that long-term grazing, seasonal changes, and their interaction significantly influence vegetation cover, plant density, and biomass
in grasslands. Plant species competition in fenced grassland results in seasonal changes of the relationship between species richness
and biomass. Long-term grazing also affects seasonal changes of the density and biomass of dominant plant species, which further
affects the seasonal relationship between plant density and biomass in grasslands. Our study demonstrates the importance of temporal
dynamics and land use in understanding the relationship between species richness and ecosystem function. 相似文献
9.
袁钰莹 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):449-464
With basic information from 8353 archaeological sites, this study describes a holistic spatial-temporal distribution pattern of archaeological sites of the prehistoric culture sequence from 9.5 ka BP (ka BP = thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) to 2.3 ka BP in the region that extends from the Yanshan Mountains to the Liaohe River Plain(i.e., the Yan-Liao region) in northern China. Based on spatial statistics analysis – including the spatial density of the sites and Geographic Information System nearest-neighbour analysis, combined with a review of environmental and climatic data – this paper analyses cultural evolution, the spatial-temporal features of the archaeological sites and human activities against the backdrop of climatic and environmental changes in this region. The results reveal that prehistoric cultural evolution in the Yan-Liao region is extensively influenced by climatic and environmental changes. The Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou and Fuhe cultures, which primarily developed during a habitable period from 8.5 ka BP to 6.0 ka BP with strong summer monsoons, have similar maximum density values, spatial patterns and subsistence strategies dominated by hunting-gathering. Significant changes occurred in the Hongshan and Lower Xiajiadian cultures, with a significant increase in numbers and densities of sites and a slump in average nearest-neighbour ratio when the environment began to deteriorate starting in 6.0 ka BP. Additionally, with the onset of a weak summer monsoon and the predominance of primitive agriculture, sites of these two cultures present a different type of concentric circle-shaped pattern in space. As the environment continuously deteriorated with increasing aridity and the spread of steppe, more sites were distributed towards the south, and primitive agriculture was replaced by livestock husbandry in the Upper Xiajiadian culture. The most densely populated areas of the studied cultures are centralized within a limited area. The Laohahe River and Jiaolaihe River basins formed the core area in which most archaeological sites were distributed during the strong summer monsoon period and the first few thousand years of the weak summer monsoon period. 相似文献
10.
Based on monitored data from 840 samples, we assessed the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater salinization in the Tarim River lower reaches combining classical statistics and geostatistics. Results show that total dissolved solids （TDS） is significantly correlated with other related ions, such as Na＋, Mg2＋, Ca2-, C1- and K＋. TDS and underground water level have characteristics of spatial autocorrelation, both of which present the isotropic characteristic and con- form to the spherical model in each year from 2001-2009. TDS is basically greater than 1 g/L but less than 2 g/L in the Tarim River lower reaches, which indicates that salt stagnation pollution is more serious. The most serious salinization （3 g/L 〈 TDS _〈 35 g/L） contaminated area is mainly in the middle and lower part of the study area. 相似文献
11.
Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture. 相似文献
12.
塔里木河中游植物群落与环境因子的关系 总被引：40，自引：2，他引：40
应用数量分类和排序方法，对新疆塔里木河中游地区植被进行了多元统计分析。结果表明，该地区共有植物23种，隶属于11科21属。其中，多数植物种类在样方中的出现频次较低，说明该地区植物物种丰富度较低。TWINSPAN结果表明，该地区3个断面19个样地可分为3个主要类型，与实际调查结果一致。CCA排序结果同TWINSPAN分类结果基本一致，反映出植物群落分布格局的一般规律及其随环境因子梯度变化的趋势。分析了不同环境因子间的关系，并从定量的角度，以CCA排序图直观地揭示了决定塔里木河中游地区植物群落分布的环境因子主要是地下水位和土壤含水量，其回归模型分别为：X1＝-9.5991L 100.86（R^2=0.6459)；X2＝1.65W 43.011(R^2=0.7646)。 相似文献
13.
白杨河——艾里克湖湿地及周边植物群落与环境因子的关系 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
应用数量分类和排序方法,对新疆白杨河-艾里克湖湿地植被进行了多元统计分析。结果表明,该研究区域主要植被类型中共有植物18种,隶属10科,17个属。其中,多数植物种类在样方中出现的频次较低,说明该地区植物物种丰富度较低。TWINSPAN结果表明,该地区植物可以分9个种类组,与实际调查结果一致。CCA排序结果同TWINSPAN分类结果基本一致,反映出植物群落分布格局随环境因子梯度变化的趋势。分析了不同环境因子的关系,并从定量的角度,以CCA排序图直观的揭示了决定艾里克湖湿地植物群落分布的环境因子主要是地下水位、土壤有机质,其回归模型分别为:X_1=-0．6037L 0．6824(R~2=0．6024);X_2=0．74530M 0．1142(R~2 =0．6004)。 相似文献
14.
塔里木河中游天然植被的数量分类与排序研究 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
通过塔里木河中下游天然植被带的调查研究，应用数量分类(TWINSPAN)和排序(CCA)方法，对塔里木河中下游地区天然植被类型进行了划分，并探讨了决定该地区天然植物群落类型的主要环境因子。该地区天然植被可分为4个植被型组，4个植被型，6种植被亚型，9个群系，15个群丛。通过对8个环境因子的CCA排序分析，结果表明制约塔里木河中下游天然植被组成和结构的主导环境因子为地下水位、地下水矿化度、地下水酸碱度。通过CCA二维排序图将16种植物对干旱、盐碱的适应性划分5类型。21个样地在CCA二维排序图上可聚集成9个植物群落类群，即胡杨(Populus euphratica)群落、铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)群落、库尔勒沙拐枣(Calligonum Kuerlese)群落、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)群落、黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)群落、盐穗木(Halostashys caspica)群落、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)群落、疏叶骆驼剂(Alhagi sparsifolia)群落、罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)群落，与TWINSPAN结果中的群系分类单位一致。CCA连续排序与TWINSPAN分类结果吻合较好。9种植物群落类型中，能耐受最大盐胁迫的为盐穗木群落，能耐受最大干旱胁迫的为铃铛刺群落，能耐受最大地下水碱胁迫的为黑果枸杞群落。 相似文献
15.
大青沟国家自然保护区地面苔藓植物分布格局 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用双向指示种分析（TWINSPAN）、除趋势对应分析（DCA）和典范对应分析（CCA）研究了大青沟国家自然保护区32个样地36种地面生苔藓植物分布格局。TWINSPAN和DCA分析结果显示,地面生苔藓植物群落可以分成双色真藓（Bryum bicolor）-小石藓（Weissia controversa）群落、西伯利亚瘤冠苔（Mannia sibirica）+小石藓（Weissia controversa）群落、密叶绢藓短柄变种（Entodon compressus var.zikaiwiensis）-密叶绢藓（Entodon compressus）+反扭藓（Timmiella anomala）群落、绒叶青藓（Brachythecium velutinum）-鳞叶藓（Taxiphyllum taxirameum）+尖叶匐灯藓（Plagiomnium cuspidatum）群落和地钱（Marchantia polymorpha）+曲肋薄网藓（Leptodictyum humile）-鳞叶藓（Taxiphyllum taxirameum）-柳叶藓（Amblystegium serpens）+平肋提灯藓（Mnium laevinerve）群落5组,对应分布在羊草（Leymus chinensis）草地、西伯利亚杏（Prunus sibirica）灌丛、大果榆（Ulmus macrocarpa）林、蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）林和水曲柳（Fraxinus mandschuria）林。CCA分析结果显示,影响苔藓植物分布的主要因子有土壤水分、乔木盖度、空气湿度、凋落物盖度、草本层盖度等。 相似文献
16.
塔里木河下游植物群落分布格局及其环境解释 总被引：35，自引：2，他引：33
研究表明,塔里木河下游地区共有植物18种,分别隶属于9科、15属。其中藜科 (Chenopodiaceae)、柽柳科 (Tamaricaceae)、豆科 (Leguminosae) 3个科有10种,约占所有种数的56%,反映了干旱区旱生耐盐种类占优势的特点。样地排序结果表明,沿样地CA第一排序轴,所有18个调查样地可划分为3种类型,分别对应3种不同地下水位,即浅地下水位区 (<3 m)、中地下水位区 (3~5 m) 和深地下水位区 (>5 m),不同的植被类型组合亦分别对应不同类型的地下水位。CCA排序表明,影响该地区植物群落分布格局的环境因子主要是地下水位、土壤含水量、土壤pH值。CCA排序分析可将18种植物分为4个组,分别对应于不同的环境因子变化梯度。从管理的角度出发,在塔里木河流域下游地区进行受损生态系统的恢复与重建过程中,要重点考虑到上述提及的主要环境因子,尤其是重视水资源的合理开发与利用,采用适宜的灌溉方式,防止地下水位下降和土壤盐渍化的发生。 相似文献
17.
Distribution and floristics of desert plant communities in the lower reaches of Tarim River, southern Xinjiang, People's Republic of China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The distribution and abundance of desert plant communities were examined in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, southern Xinjiang. Eighteen plant species were collected at 18 sites along a sequence of increasing ground-water depths in six transects. Except for Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica, which were distributed across nearly all sites, most of the investigated species had low frequency of occurrence. Correspondence analysis (CA) of the 18 species revealed a separation of growth forms into distinct groups corresponding to different ground-water levels. Three clearly defined groups of growth forms were strongly associated with three distinct ground-water zones, ranging from <3, 3–5 and >5 m, respectively. Four taxa groups were found to correspond to the three ground-water zones and to several other environmental factors. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the 18 species and seven environmental variables would suggest a major botanical gradient exists relating to ground-water depth and secondary gradients exists that include soil moisture, pH and to a lesser extent alkalinity and mineralization. 相似文献
18.
WANG Tong WANG Jingsheng DING Yuke LIU Wenjing BAO Xiaoting LI Chao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(4):389-396
Based on vegetation survey data and environmental data of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, we conducted a quantitative ecological analysis of the vegetation community composition and the relationship between species and the environment in the study area. The results showed that 44 sampling sites and 68 plant species in the study area can be classified into seven subtypes: Artemisia minor + Stipa purpurea; Artemisia demissa + Stipa purpurea + Artemisia wellbyi; Kobresia pygmaea; Trikeraia hookeri; Sophora moorcroftiana + Cotoneaster multiflorus + Pennisetum centrasiaticum; Artemisia frigida; Potentilla fruticosa + Orinus thoroldii. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated that both longitude and altitude play important roles in site and species distribution patterns. In addition, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that in the upper and middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, changes in temperature and precipitation caused by longitude are the main factors controlling the formation and transition of vegetation community types. Moreover, natural vegetation could be divided into three types: desert steppe community (source area), alpine steppe community (middle reaches region), and shrub community (confluence of Yarlung Zangbo River and Nyangqu River). 相似文献
19.
塔里木河中游主要植物种群的生态特征分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据新疆塔里木河中游植物样地的监测数据,计算了19种主要植物在土壤含水率与土壤盐分资源维上的生态位宽度及生态位重叠值,作出了反映它们相似程度的最小生成树图;探讨了19种植物的生态位特征及各物种在二维环境因子上的相似关系。结果表明:建群种对环境变化的生态适应性较强,在二维生态因子上的生态位宽度值较大,乔灌植物普遍具有较大的生态位宽度(个别物种除外),草本植物除建群种外生态位宽度相应较小,并对个别物种生态位的变化进行了分析。由于环境条件的影响和胁迫,塔里木河中游物种间的生态位重叠值普遍较低。根据最小生成树图分析了19种植物在二维环境因子上的生态相似关系 相似文献
20.
毛乌素沙地丘间低地植物群落分类与排序 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究植物群落分布格局与环境因子间的相互关系,在群落样方调查的基础上,对毛乌素沙地丘间低地植被复合体的主要植物群落进行TWINSPAN分类和PCA排序,对土壤环境因子进行DCCA排序。结果表明：调查区内53个物种分属21科46属,其中菊科（Compositae,11种）、禾本科（Gramineae,7种）、莎草科（Cyperaceae,7种）、豆科（Leguminosae,5种）、藜科（Chenopodiaceae,4种）等科所含物种数较多,分别占20.8%、13.2%、13.2%、9.4%、7.5%,生活型以多年生草本为主,水分生态类型以中生植物为主。应用TWINSPAN将67个样方划分为17个组,依据《中国植被》的分类原则和系统确定为21个群丛。对PCA排序的第一轴起主要作用的是以北沙柳（Salix psammophila）、假苇拂子茅（Calamagrostis pseudophragmites）和碱茅（Puccinelia distans）为建群种的群落,对第二轴起主要作用的是以寸草苔（Carex duriuscula）为建群种的群落。植物群落分布DCCA排序第一轴主要与地下水位、HCO3-含量负相关,与土壤粗砂粒正相关;第二轴主要与土壤Ca2+、K+和Na+含量正相关,与土壤容重负相关;其中地下水位和土壤Ca2+、K+和Na+含量是环境因子中影响丘间低地植物群落特征和分布的主要因子。 相似文献