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1.
中国湖泊沉积记录的环境演变:研究进展与展望 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
综合分析了８０年代后期以来中国湖泊沉积与环境演变研究的新进展,着重对湖泊沉积记录与亚洲古季风变迁、青藏高原湖泊沉积与环境演变、人与自然相互作用的湖泊响应等方面进行了扼要综述,指出今后研究的方向是：湖泊沉积环境指标与气候要素关系的定量研究、高分辨率环境演化时间序列与空间分异规律、现代湖泊沉积动态过程与环境、中国第四纪湖泊数据库与全球变化研究、科学交叉及与其它地质记录的比较研究。 相似文献
2.
中国过去2000年湖泊沉积记录的高分辨率研究:现状与问题 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
过去２ｋａ地球环境的变化规律和原因是全球变化研究的关键内容之一，与其它自然记录相比，湖泊沉积具有储存信息量大，时间分辨率高和地理覆盖面广的优势。中国８０年代后期以来已陆续开展了全新世湖泊沉积与气候，环境演化研究，并有迅速发展之势，对于过去２ｋａ湖泊沉积的高分辨率研究，需要重视以下几方面问题，即提高核素测年的精度，建立环境指标的转换函数，注意早期化学成岩作用，选择分层湖和年层沉积，探讨气候要素有效指 相似文献
3.
Li Shijie Chen Wei Jiang Yongjian Jin Chuanfang Li Cuicui Luo Rongqin Wang Xiaodan 《第四纪研究》2012,32(1)
全新世是地球历史上最新的一个间冰期,历时已有一万余年.期间,伴随着气候与环境的快速变化,人类文明也呈现出快速的演化,当前全球气候变暖导致人类生存环境的急剧变化已引起全球各国政府和科学家的广泛而深刻的关注和研究.然而,全新世期间曾多次出现气候波动阶段,对全新世这一间冰期气候与环境变化过程和机制的研究就有着十分重要的意义,可为现代气候变暖及其影响提供科学借鉴.地处中低纬度的青藏高原这一高耸的巨大地块,堪称“地球第三极”,是一个集冰川、多年冻土、湖泊同时共存的特殊区域,受人类活动直接影响较弱,其冰川进退变化、多年冻土形成与消融、湖泊扩张与萎缩的变化过程则敏感地记录着气候与环境的自然变化.在多年对青藏高原冰川、冰缘和湖泊沉积与地貌的考察研究资料基础上,把冰川进退、冰缘地貌的发育和湖泊连续沉积的记录进行综合分析、相互对比印证,指出青藏高原全新世间冰期气候与环境变化的不稳定性,期间明显存在着千年和百年的波动变化,在距今8000～8500年、6000～5500年、4000～4500年左右、3000～2000年左右以及600～100年都存在明显的冷期.因此,在青藏高原,全新世气候存在着较大幅度的波动,从冰川前进幅度所需零平衡线下降值和多年冻土下界下降幅度来大致估算,温度的波动幅度至少也在3.5～5.0℃左右,甚至更大. 相似文献
4.
我国湖泊环境演变及其成因机制研究现状 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
湖泊沉积忠实地记录了湖泊环境变化的各类信息.不同时问尺度的湖泊环境变化分别受到构造、气候与人类活动三个方面的驱动机制的影响.影响中同湖泊环境变化的最主要的构造运动是青藏高原的隆升;气候变化的影响主要是东亚季风系统带来的一系列作用;而人类活动的影响则比较复杂,不仅有流域植被、土壤性质的改变导致输入湖泊物质的变化,也有人类活动直接改造湖泊,如围垦、封堵等.准确地分析湖泊环境变化的各种过程与规律,特别是定量刻画人与自然相互作用下的湖泊环境响应过程与驱动机理,是当今科学界的热点. 相似文献
5.
通过对花海古湖泊沉积剖面8.42~0.405 m沉积物样品的矿物和化学元素测定,分析了沉积物中盐类矿物含量及化学元素K/Na比值的变化情况,结合已有的年代地层结果,重建了花海古湖泊10.47~5.5 cal ka BP湖水盐度变化. 结果表明：花海湖泊全新世湖相沉积阶段中,除个别层位以硫酸盐类矿物沉积为主外,早全新世(10.47~8.87 cal ka BP)和中全新世(8.87~5.5 cal ka BP)均以碳酸盐盐类矿物沉积为主,并且早全新世时期K/Na高于中全新世时期,揭示了早全新世时期湖水盐度高于中全新世时期. 这一结果与该湖泊沉积过程所揭示的湖泊水位变化、粒度等揭示的有效湿度变化具有一致性,表明花海湖泊早、中全新世湖水盐度的高低可以指示其湖泊水位的变化,并间接反映了有效湿度的变化. 结合花海湖泊晚全新世湖泊萎缩、气候干旱的特点,该区域早、中、晚全新世气候干湿变化变化模式可以概况为早全新世降水增强、气候呈现由干向湿的转变,中全新世有效湿度最大,晚全新世气候干旱. 这种全新世气候干湿变化模式有别于西风区,亦与季风区不完全相同,呈现出了一种季风-西风过渡带全新世气候干湿变化的模式. 相似文献
6.
通过对青藏高原沱沱河盆地五道梁组湖相沉积环境的分析,尝试通过湖相沉积地层记录提取气候变化信息,探索高原腹地中新世古环境变化特点。通过对五道梁组岩石类型及沉积特征研究,识别出了洪积平原、浅湖、滨湖、深湖及盐湖5个沉积相类型。参考现代湖泊特征与古代研究实例,探讨了研究区湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积机制。根据剖面岩相标志及地层叠置样式,证实五道梁组沉积期古湖泊经历了3次由低水位变为高水位的旋回性变化,湖泊最低水位期以石膏层的出现为标志,高水位期发育洪泛泥岩沉积;初步认为五道梁组沉积发育在一个干湿交替的气候期,湖水位变化和湖平面升降主要受气候控制,而构造沉降和湖缘断块隆升是次要控制因素。 相似文献
7.
同位素地球化学在湖泊沉积记录的气候环境研究方面的应用日益广泛.由于分馏造成的同位素差异大小除与本身的植物生理特征有关外,还受周围环境变化的影响. 相似文献
8.
浅谈湖泊沉积环境演变中元素地球化学的应用及原理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊沉积物中某些元素的含量、比值及分布特征在区域气候与环境变化方面的应用研究发展迅速.介绍了常量元素的含量及其比值分析,有机质中特征元素含量及比值分析,同位素分布特征,稀土元素模式分析几个方法.利用常量元素和有机质特征元素的含量及比值的升高或降低来指示沉积时期湖泊流域温度、降水量等气候变化并建立湖泊演变的气候干湿波动曲线,也可以获得沉积时期元素迁移变化的过程;利用同位素分布特征和稀土元素模式分析来测定沉积速率和建立演化年序,也可以判断湖泊演化过程和水源补给条件等. 相似文献
9.
沉积物的粒度是衡量沉积介质能量和沉积盆地能量的一种重要代用指标,与沉积环境的关系非常密切,在古气候古环境研究中,湖泊沉积物的粒度指标发挥着重要的作用。刘兴起等人利用全样粒度分析方法对青海湖QH-2000钻孔的沉积物粒度特征进行了详细研究,结果表明冷干和暖湿气候条件下沉积物的粗颗粒组分增多,介于二者之间的气候条件下,沉积物的粒径变化相对比较平缓。Xiao Jule等利用正态函数分布拟合法,将Dali湖沉积岩心的粒度组分划分为6种,通过对各组分峰值粒径等粒度参数的分析研究,得出各组分含量及其峰值粒径等的变化与湖泊水位关系密切。根据建立起的湖泊沉积物粒度参数与气候环境之间的耦合关系,最后将达里湖1.2kaBP以来的水位波动划分为不同的5个阶段。 相似文献
10.
青海湖地区冰消期以来气候变化的黄土记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
青海湖周围堆积着很多黄土和风沙沉积,这些风成沉积序列是过去气候变化的良好记录.相对于湖泊沉积,这些沉积物受到的研究较为薄弱.对青海湖南岸的黄土堆积进行了光释光年代学、磁化率、Fe/Mg值、粒度和有机质含量等气候替代性指标测量.在具有绝对年代标尺控制的基础上,结合气候替代性指标变化特征的分析,表明冰消期以来青海湖地区的古气候经历了多次的冷暖和干湿变化过程:14～9 ka间气候前期相对冷干,后期转为凉干,其中可能在11 ka左右存在一次暖湿事件;9～2.5 ka间气候呈暖湿状态;2.5 ka以后的地层扰动较大.黄土和湖泊沉积记录的环境变化过程具有可比性. 相似文献
11.
Samuel U. Nussbaumer Friedhelm Steinhilber Mathias Trachsel Petra Breitenmoser Jürg Beer Alex Blass Martin Grosjean Albert Hafner Hanspeter Holzhauser Heinz Wanner Heinz J. Zumbühl 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(7):703-713
The European Alps are very sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. Recent improvements in Alpine glacier length records and climate reconstructions from annually laminated sediments of Alpine Lake Silvaplana give the opportunity to investigate the relationship between these two data sets of Alpine climate. Two different time frames are considered: the last 500–1000 years as well as the last 7400 years. First, we found good agreement between the two different climate archives during the past millennium: mass accumulation rates and biogenic silica concentration are largely in phase with the glacier length changes of Mer de Glace and Unterer Grindelwaldgletscher, and with the records of glacier length of Grosser Aletschgletscher and Gornergletscher. Secondly, the records are compared with temporally highly resolved data of solar activity. The Sun has had a major impact on the Alpine climate variations in the long term, i.e. several centuries to millennia. Solar activity varies with the Hallstatt periodicity of about 2000 years. Hallstatt minima are identified around 500, 2500 and 5000 a. Around these times grand solar minima (such as the Maunder Minimum) occurred in clusters coinciding with colder Alpine climate expressed by glacier advances. During the Hallstatt maxima around 0, 2000 and 4500 a, the Alpine glaciers generally retreated, indicating a warmer climate. This is supported by archaeological findings at Schnidejoch, a transalpine pass in Switzerland that was only accessible when glaciers had retreated. On shorter timescales, however, the influence of the Sun cannot be as easily detected in Alpine climate change, indicating that in addition to solar forcing, volcanic influence and internal climate variations have played an important role. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
金章东 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(1):34-44,77
湖泊沉积物是不同地质、气候、水文条件下各类碎屑、黏土、自生/生物成因矿物以及有机物质等的综合体。沉积矿物蕴含着丰富区域和全球环境演变信息,如湖水的化学组成、流域构造、气候、水文以及人类活动的相互作用等。相关信息可以赋存在矿物外部微形貌、内部微结构、化学组成、物理和化学性质、同位素组成、谱学特征、成因以及共生组合等方面。因此,湖泊科学的许多关键课题都离不开矿物学,特别是在利用湖泊沉积物进行区域及过去全球变化研究中,深入的机理研究归根到底都要涉及矿物学,如流域化学风化作用、粒度组成、生物壳体化学组成、测年材料的选择等。然而,由于湖泊沉积物中矿物的多源性、复杂性,如何有效提取和解译其中的环境信息,是一项长期困扰研究者的课题,湖泊沉积矿物学的研究往往被许多研究者所忽视,中国的相关研究也较为薄弱。笔者综述了湖泊沉积物中碎屑、黏土、自生/生物矿物的矿物组合、特征、成因在（古）环境反演中的作用及最新研究进展,提出除了继续加强对湖泊沉积物中矿物来源、成因和古环境示踪的深入研究以外,矿物相间的转变及其对湖水和孔隙水组成的响应、一些非晶质或隐晶质及低丰度矿物相在湖泊化学和动力学中的作用也是很有潜力的研究领域,最后提出了研究中存在的一些问题、面对的挑战以及对研究前景的展望。 相似文献
13.
西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖水体及沉积物中有机氯农药的初步研究 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
对2002年5月采集的西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖的水和沉积物样品进行了实验及分析。结果表明，这2个高原湖泊均不同程度地受到有机氯农药的污染，并具有多种有机氯农药的同时存在、在沉积柱上近表层没有含量下降趋势以及南部的羊卓雍湖污染程度高于藏北的错鄂湖等特点，反映出湖泊中的有机氯农药有可能是随孟加拉湾洋暖流由南向北带人的。两个湖泊的水与沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)含量甚至与我国东部地区的一些淡水水体相近，这种现象很可能表明，大气沉降的有机氯农药可在青藏高原湖泊水体与沉积物中发生一定程度的累积。长远地看，这一过程将可能对青藏高原野生动物产生负面影响。 相似文献
14.
A Holocene lake sediment record is presented from Lake N14 situated on Angissoq Island 15 km off the main coast of southern Greenland. The palaeoclimatic development has been interpreted on the basis of flux and percentage content of biogenic silica, clastic material, organic material and sulphur as well as sedimentation rate, moss content and magnetic susceptibility. A total of 43 radiocarbon dates has ensured a reliable chronology. It is argued that varying sediment composition mainly reflects changing precipitation. By analogy with the present meteorological conditions in southern Greenland, Holocene climate development is inferred. Between 11 550 and 9300 cal. yr BP temperature and precipitation increase markedly, but this period is climatically unstable. From 9300 yr BP conditions become more stable and a Holocene climatic optimum, characterised by warm and humid conditions, is observed from 8000 to 5000 cal. yr BP. From 4700 cal. yr BP the first signs of a climatic deterioration are observed, and from 3700 cal. yr BP the climate has become more dry and cold. Superimposed on the climatic long‐term trend is climate variability on a centennial time‐scale that increases in amplitude after 3700 cal. yr BP. A climatic scenario related to the strength and position of the Greenland high‐pressure cell and the Iceland low‐pressure cell is proposed to explain the Holocene centennial climate variability. A comparison of the Lake N14 record with a terrestrial as well as a marine record from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean suggests that the centennial climate variability was uniform over large areas at certain times. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
The evolution of flood activity with global warming remains uncertain. To better assess flood–climate relationships, lake sediments are increasingly being investigated because they could provide regional flood histories long enough to cover past climate changes. However, site‐specific sedimentary processes may bias flood reconstructions. The aim of this article is to investigate these effects through the reconstruction of two distinct flood records from independent, neighbouring sedimentary basins of the same lake (Lake Allos in the Mediterranean French Alps), i.e. under the same climate conditions. Understanding of sedimentary processes is crucial in order to adapt the sampling strategy and the flood‐intensity proxy to each sedimentary system and, thereby, reconstruct a complete and reliable flood history. Thanks to this detailed approach, the main trends of the regional flood variability can be reproduced; i.e. periods of high flood‐frequency, ranges of flood‐frequency values and timing of the most intense events. In detail, some differences appeared associated to the various stream capacities to erode and transport flood sediments to the lake system, implying variable sensitivity of sedimentary systems in recording floods. Comparing regional flood records based on independent sedimentary systems from similar environments could thus be a complementary approach to assessing past flood intensity. Such an approach could open particularly interesting perspectives because reconstructing the long‐term evolution of flood intensity is a key challenge in the geosciences. 相似文献
16.
Biogenic contribution of minor elements to organic matter of recent lacustrine sapropels (Lake Kirek as example) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. A. Leonova V. A. Bobrov E. V. Lazareva A. A. Bogush S. K. Krivonogov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(2):99-114
An approximate biogenic contribution of minor elements to sapropel of Lake Kirek in West Siberia is estimated using the “model
of direct inheritance” of their composition in plankton by OM of bottom sediments (Yudovich and Ketris, 1990). It is shown
that the lifetime accumulation of P, Br, and Zn in copepod zooplankton of Lake Kirek notably affects the concentration of
these elements in sapropelic mud (biogenic contribution is approximately 95–53%). The biogenic share of other elements in
these sediments is substantially lower: approximately 30% for Sr and Ba; 26–16% for Ca, Pb, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, and Cr; and no
more than 5% for As, Co, Fe, Ni, Ti, Y, and Mo. 相似文献
17.
LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng Lü Fenglin WANG Yongzhi SUN Xiaohong ZHANG Hu WANG Licheng YAO Fojun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):2030-2047
Potash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium-rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower-Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great-united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter-term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long-term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub-depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits. 相似文献
18.
D. Yu. Rogozin D. A. Balaev S. V. Semenov K. A. Shaikhutdinov O. A. Bayukov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,469(2):819-823
Magnetic properties were studied in bottom sediments of saline meromictic Shira Lake by the methods of static magnetometry and resonance Mössbauer spectroscopy for the first time. All layers of bottom sediments contain nanosized single-domain magnetite particles produced by magnetotactic bacteria. The concentration of magnetite in bottom sediments decreased with depth, reaching a local minimum in the layer corresponding to the minimal level of the lake observed in 1910–1930. It is demonstrated that biogenic magnetite may indicate climate-related changes in the level of Shira Lake, in addition to the other biological and geochemical characteristics. 相似文献
19.
Sediment cores from Sagamore Lake and Woods Lake in New York State's Adirondack Park, an area remote from industrial activities, were analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Their composition and distribution with depth in the sediment indicate that the parental PAH in the surface sediments are primarily produced by anthropogenic combustion of fossil fuels. Perylene in deep sediments is apparently transformed from natural precursors in the reducing environment, however, the exact precursors remain unknown. The rather even sediment distributions of the non-parental PAH differ from the parental, suggesting biogenic origins. Based on their chemical structures, retene and alkylated and partially hydrogenated phenanthrenes are believed to be biogenically converted from abietic acid; hydrochrysenes and hydropicenes, from pentacyclic triterpenes. 相似文献
20.
气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖流域径流变化的影响研究 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
20个世纪60年代以来,鄱阳湖流域径流呈现出增加趋势,特别是1990年代流域径流增加显著,与该时期多次出现洪水灾害事件密切相关.运用Mann-Kendall检验法对1961—2000年流域径流序列进行突变分析,结果显示1992年附近是流域径流突变发生的拐点.基于径流对降雨和潜在蒸散发的敏感关系,以1961—1991年为基准期,定量分析了1992—2000年流域气候变化和人类活动对天然径流的影响分量.结果表明:相对于1961—1991年,1992—2000年多年平均径流量增加211.7mm,其中气候变化引起的增量为282.2mm,人类活动引起径流减小70.6mm,分别占多年平均径流变化量的133%和-33%.不同子流域间,气候变化和人类活动对径流的影响分量相差较大.气候变化因子中,流域降水量的增加,特别是夏季暴雨频率的增加,是引起1990年代鄱阳湖流域径流显著增大的主要原因,其次是蒸发量的长期下降.人类活动对鄱阳湖流域径流起着减流的作用,主要是由于流域内工农业的快速发展,大量水利工程设施的存在提高了水资源的利用程度;另一方面,1990年代流域水土流失状况的有效缓解,有助于增加流域的贮水能力,减小径流. 相似文献