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位于青藏高原南部的茶卡—曲卓木区域地质条件复杂,构造发育,水热活动强烈,区内温泉展布主要受区内断裂控制,并呈现出分区发育的特征。本文以区内主要的茶卡水热活动区和曲卓木水热活动区的温泉为研究对象,通过对水热活动区地质、水文地质条件和温泉出露特征开展野外调查,并对温泉和地表水进行采样分析,并运用水文地球化学分析方法,对区内温泉水岩反应过程和补给来源进行了分析研究,同时利用SiO2、阳离子地热温标和硅-焓混合模型方法计算了深部热储温度。基于以上研究成果,进一步分析了区内温泉的形成机制,建立了区内温泉成因模式概念模型,并对地热资源量进行了评价,结果表明：(1)茶卡水热活动区温泉温度普遍高于曲卓木水热活动区,其温泉水化学类型为Cl-Na型水,曲卓木水热活动区则主要为SO4-Cl-Na型水;(2)大气降水为主要补给来源,补给高程范围在4 517～5 186 m;(3)茶卡水热活动区、曲卓木水热活动区热储温度分别为208～251℃、80～102℃,冷热水混合比分别为33%～47%、34%～49%;(4)研究区内天然地热水的年可开发能量达到8.50×1013... 相似文献
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西藏地热气体的地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
西藏水热活动是青苦恼高原碰撞造山过程的产物，其成因类型、物质来源和时空分布与青藏高原的隆升过程密切相关，地热流体（气、液相）中携带有中上地壳乃至地幔物质的深部信息。西藏地热流体可以区分出CO2型和N2型两类气体，其中绝大多数的地热气体样品属于CO2型气体，而典型的N2型气体则较少。前者具有岩浆热源和深循环两种成因类型，后者都是深循环成因。西藏气体样品中的He含量变化范围非常宽，最高的可达到1．5％。在门士热泉，首次检测到地幔He组分，这说明西藏地壳深处有地幔物质侵位。根据He同位素组成推断，羊八井、谷露等处的地壳熔融体中约有3％的地幔组分。西藏地热气体中的N2和Ar组分主要是大气成因，CO2组分大多以海相碳酸盐岩成因为主，混有少量有机沉积物成因CO2。当Log(H2/Ar)处于－0．8－0．3的区间时，H2／Ar地热温度计可以良好地指示热储层的温度范围。实际调查表明：西藏水热活动区大多分布在斑公错－怒江链合带以南地区，高温水热活动区主要出现在雅鲁藏布缝合带和那曲－羊八井－亚东活动构造带沿线。 相似文献
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1990年8月在美国夏威夷召开了由美国地热资源委员会(GRC)召集的五年一次的国际地热能讨论会,与会的来自40多个国家的600多位代表就各国地热发展的现状和规划、以及地热勘察和利用方面的经验进行了充分的交流和讨论。中国有4名代表出席了会议,通过发言和展览介绍了中国地热直接利用的现状和滇西高温水热系统和漳州热田的研究成果以及热水的防腐蚀和防结垢的经验。 相似文献
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云南景洪盆地地热地质特征及成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
景洪盆地隶属滇藏地热带之滇西中-高温地热区,区内岩浆岩分布较为广泛,活动性断裂较为发育,拥有形成地热的良好地质条件。研究表明,以澜沧江断裂（F1）为界,盆地内可划分出嘎洒-曼达-曼迈和曼贺蚌-曼养广东西两个地热田。西部地热田的热储层为临沧-勐海花岗岩体,东部热储层为南联山杂岩体。大气降水的入渗补给为地热水提供了丰富的水... 相似文献
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坝上张北盆地成热的可能性探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
夏国礼 《河北地质矿产信息》2004,(2):28-31
对张北盆地成热地质条件分析后认为，区内成热的可能性极大。首先，尚义一平泉深断裂、张北一沽源及张北一安固里淖大断裂通过本区，是三条现今仍在活动的活动性断裂，这种断裂活动区的大地热流值一般都较高，容易形成地热异常；在上述三条深、大断裂的交汇部位新生代火山通道发育，这些火山通道已深达地幔甚至软流圈，可直接从地球深部向上传导热量。因此，区内热源充足。其次，张北盆地是高原内部大型负向构造，其内淖较多，现代冲洪积及湖积层发育，是个典型的积水盆地；从浅部第四纪松散堆积层、中浅部晚第三纪汉诺坝组玄武岩至深部白垩纪土井子组陆相沉积碎屑岩皆是良好的含水层，加之区内断裂构造的导水作用，可使深部地下水不断得到大气降水的下渗补给，故区内水源丰沛。三则，白垩纪土井子组沉积碎屑岩厚度巨大，并以粗碎屑沉积为主。因此岩石的孔隙度大，渗透性和流通性好，是深部载热流体活动循环和热量储存的理想场所。另外，气孔构造发育、浮岩层和喷发间断面多、分布广泛的汉诺坝组玄武岩犹如巨大岩盖，可以起到“盖层”(准盖层)的隔热保温作用。 相似文献
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岩浆热源型地热系统及其水文地球化学判据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在各类地热系统中,岩浆热源型地热系统具有突出的科学研究意义和开发利用价值。自岩浆热源释出的岩浆流体富含多种强酸性气体,有极强的岩石溶蚀能力,是发生于岩浆热源型地热系统内的水文地球化学过程大异于非岩浆热源型地热系统的根本原因。浅埋或深埋岩浆热源型地热区内均普遍发育三种不同类型的地热水：酸性SO 4型、SO 4- Cl型或Cl- SO 4型水,中性Cl- Na型或Cl- HCO 3- Na型水,弱碱性HCO 3- Cl- Na型或HCO 3- Na型水;是否同时出现以上类型地热水也成为以非碳酸盐岩为热储围岩的水热型地热系统是否具有岩浆热源的水文地球化学判据。在中国,藏南- 滇西地热带和台湾地热带是岩浆热源型地热系统集中分布的区域;藏南高原的高温水热型地热系统下的岩浆囊可能是地壳增厚过程中发生局部熔融的结果,也可能与印度大陆岩石圈向北消减后在拉萨地体下形成的近东西向地幔楔的上涌有关。 相似文献
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我国主要水热型地热系统形成机制与成因模式 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
我国地处环太平洋地热带与地中海-喜马拉雅地热带的交汇部位,且中、新生代沉积盆地发育,地热资源丰富。近年来,我国地热开发利用蓬勃发展,但由于没有进行整体性的地热系统分析,缺乏因地制宜的不同地区地热勘查开发方案,各地地热资源勘查开发工作存在一定的混乱现象。本文从系统论观点出发,提出了我国地热资源"同源共生-壳幔生热-构造聚热"的成因理论,并以我国主要水热型地热系统为例,建立了水热系统分析的系统论观点,将我国主要水热系统划分为沉积盆地古潜山型复合水热系统、沉积盆地深坳陷层控型水热系统、断陷盆地地压型水热系统、陆陆碰撞板缘型水热系统、板缘俯冲带热控构造型水热系统、隆起山地深循环型水热系统以及近代火山型水热系统等七种类型,并系统分析了典型水热系统的运移条件、热源机制,归纳阐述了不同类型的水热系统的成因模式,进一步完善了我国地热资源研究的基础理论和方法,为区域地热资源勘查开发提供了理论依据,对于进一步推进我国地热资源的科学开发利用具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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由相对地热梯度推断的腾冲火山区现存岩浆囊 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15
为利用温泉来研究和监测腾冲火山区的现今岩浆分布并探讨其活动性，提出相对地热梯度的概念：假设各热田或水热活动区的热储深度相等，则热储温度与地表温泉温度之差为该地相对地热梯度。通过对前人在该地区获得的温泉的基本要素和温泉水化学分析数据分析，选取了159个温泉计算相对地热梯度。用这159个数据，通过克里金插值方法获得了腾冲火山区的相对地热梯度平面分布。结果发现腾冲火山区有3个相对地热梯度在100℃以上的高值区域。结合其他资料，认为腾冲火山区现今存在3个岩浆囊，它们的几何尺度为19～28kin，深度为4～12km或更深，并且目前的活动性各不相同。 相似文献
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西藏羊八井地热田水热蚀变的时空演化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西藏亚东—谷露裂谷中—北段的羊八井地热田是我国著名的高温地热田,研究其水热蚀变的时空演化有助于更好地认识藏南地热的发育特征。通过对羊八井地热田及其水热蚀变岩开展地表调查、显微特征与X衍射分析等工作,总结了其主要蚀变类型特征,划分出黄褐色蚀变中心带、灰白色中强蚀变带、灰白色中等蚀变带和浅灰白色弱蚀变带4个不同的水热蚀变带,并区分出红褐色—黄褐色蚀变期、灰白色蚀变期和淡黄色—灰色蚀变期共3期蚀变。研究结果揭示,羊八井地热田高温地热活动中心一直在北区硫磺沟区域,其水热蚀变活动主要受亚东—谷露裂谷内部的活动断裂构造控制,并与断裂构造活动具同步性;地热水的排泄方式早期为沿北东向断裂构造直接排泄,晚期为经浅层第四系径流后再排泄,由直接排泄向间接排泄转变;中高温地热水的排泄区由北区硫磺沟地区向南区藏布曲迁移。根据研究结果推断,硫磺沟区域的北东向断裂与北西向断裂交汇区可作为羊八井热田北区深部地热勘查的主要方向。 相似文献
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Research on the fault controlling mechanism of geothermal water in Zhangzhou Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fault has an important influence on the storage and movement of geothermal water. The Zhangzhou Basin is wholly located in a granodiorite rock mass. Due to the low permeability of granodiorite, faulted structure has an evident control action on the hydrothermal activity of geothermal fields. Hot springs in Zhangzhou Basin crack along Pingtan-Dongshan Fault to the northeastern direction and emerge along Fu’an-Nanjing Fault. Through measurement of the temperature of several hot springs in the Basin, we found the temperature along the northwestern direction of Zhangzhou-Tianbao Fault is high and the temperature gap between the two sides of Yangxi-Yuanshan Fault is huge; the estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal water through quartz geothermometer indicates that the geothermal reservoir temperature of the northern area of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is obviously higher than that of southern area. Such result indicates that Fault obviously obstructs underground heat source. Under the condition that the average geothermal gradient of the Zhangzhou Basin is set, the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the Zhangzhou Basin measured by geothermal reservoir temperature is 3 550-5 200 m and the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the north of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is deeper than that of the South. 相似文献
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The geothermal water hydrochemistry and isotopic characteristics of boreholes in the Suijiang-1 well in Yunnan Province were studied based on the actual drilling geology, regional geological structure and hydrogeological conditions. The analysis results show that the geothermal water is SO_4-Ca·Mg type, the recharge elevation is 1 381-1 646 m, the recharge source is atmospheric precipitation, the geothermal reservoir temperature is 42-45 ℃, and the geothermal water is controlled by lithology and geological structure conditions of study area. Atmospheric precipitation enters the groundwater circulation system through the surface karst form of the Wujiaobao anticline, northwest-southeast tensile faults, fissures and karst depression, and geothermal water formed through the rising deep cycle water temperature, then blocked by the double rivers' fault zone and drilling explosion. 相似文献
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The geothermal water hydrochemistry and isotopic characteristics of boreholes in the Suijiang-1 well in Yunnan Province were studied based on the actual drilling geology, regional geological structure and hydrogeological conditions. The analysis results show that the geothermal water is SO4-Ca?Mg type, the recharge elevation is 1 381-1 646 m, the recharge source is atmospheric precipitation, the geothermal reservoir temperature is 42-45 ℃, and the geothermal water is controlled by lithology and geological structure conditions of study area. Atmospheric precipitation enters the groundwater circulation system through the surface karst form of the Wujiaobao anticline, northwest-southeast tensile faults, fissures and karst depression, and geothermal water formed through the rising deep cycle water temperature, then blocked by the double rivers’ fault zone and drilling explosion. 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(1):63-75
Geothermal resources are very rich in Yunnan, China. However, source of dissolved solutes in geothermal water and chemical evolution processes remain unclear. Geochemical and isotopic studies on geothermal springs and river waters were conducted in different petrological-tectonic units of western Yunnan, China. Geothermal waters contain Ca–HCO3, Na–HCO3, and Na (Ca)–SO4 type, and demonstrate strong rock-related trace elemental distributions. Enhanced water–rock interaction increases the concentration of major and trace elements of geothermal waters. The chemical compositions of geothermal waters in the Rehai geothermal field are very complicated and different because of the magma chamber developed at the shallow depth in this area. In this geothermal field, neutral-alkaline geothermal waters with high Cl, B, Li, Rb Cs, As, Sb, and Tl contents and acid–sulfate waters with high Al, Mn, Fe, and Pb contents are both controlled by magma degassing and water–rock interaction. Geothermal waters from metamorphic, granite, and sedimentary regions (except in the Rehai area) exhibit varying B contents ranging from 3.31 mg/L to 4.49 mg/L, 0.23 mg/L to 1.24 mg/L, and <0.07 mg/L, respectively, and their corresponding δ11B values range from −4.95‰ to −9.45‰, −2.57‰ to −8.85‰, and −4.02‰ to +0.06‰. The B contents of these geothermal waters are mainly controlled by leaching host rocks in the reservoir, and their δ11B values usually decrease and achieve further equilibrium with its surrounding rocks, which can also be proven by the positive δ18O-shift. In addition to fluid–rock reactions, the geothermal waters from Rehai hot springs exhibit higher δ11B values (−3.43‰ to +1.54‰) than those yielded from other areas because mixing with the magmatic fluids from the shallow magma. The highest δ11B of steam–heated waters (pH 3.25) from the Zhenzhu spring in Rehai is caused by the fractionation induced by pH and the phase separation of coexisting steam and fluids. Given the strong water–rock interaction, some geothermal springs in western Yunnan show reservoir temperatures higher than 180 °C, which demonstrate potential for electricity generation and direct-use applications. The most potential geothermal field in western Yunnan is located in the Rehai area because of the heat transfer from the shallow magma chamber. 相似文献
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大地电磁测深在火山区地热研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大地电磁测深(MT)由于勘探深度范围较大,且对温度、流体、岩浆房和岩性等与热储相关的地质条件的敏感度较高,因而成为火山区地热勘探和岩石圈结构研究中常用的一种地球物理勘探手段。地壳和上地幔的电性结构与热结构之间存在着密切的联系,通过解读二者的关系,可以刻画更为精细的岩石圈结构模型,进而掌握火山区的构造特征和热演化过程,了解其岩石圈地球动力学机制。本文着重介绍了MT方法的原理以及从野外数据采集到后期数据处理的过程,综述了MT法的应用特点以及电导率与温度之间的关系,通过实例分析,介绍了国际上这一方法在火山区地热勘探和岩石圈热结构研究中的应用进展,展示了MT法在新西兰Taupo火山区Ngatamariki高温地热田0~3km地热资源勘探中的应用;以埃塞俄比亚Afar省的Tendaho地热田和Badi火山为例,分别讨论了0~20km和0~50km不同深度的电性结构特征及其与温度存在的内在联系,探讨了形成火山的驱动机制;以日本九州岛的Shinmoe-dake火山为例,介绍了大地电磁测深和温度监测在火山监测方面的应用。最后简述了国内MT法在火山区的应用进展以及存在的问题,并利用上地幔电导率与温度的关系以及岩石圈内硅酸盐熔体不同含水量引起的电导率随温度的变化关系,初步估算了长白山天池和阿尔山火山区的莫霍面以下的温度以及长白山天池火山区的高温岩浆房温度。 相似文献
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Geochemical genesis of geothermal waters from the Longling hydrothermal area,Yunnan, Southwestern China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 GUO Qing-hai ZHANG Xiao-bo LIU Ming-liang LI Jie-xiang ZHOU Chao ZHANG Can-hai ZHU Ming-cheng GUO Wei WANG Yan-xin 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):213-221
Longling is characterized by a wide distribution of hydrothermal areas, among which the Banglazhang hydrothermal system is the most geothermally active. Banglazhang is marked by intensive hydrothermal activities including hot springs, geysers, fumaroles and hydrothermal explosions. The geothermal waters from the Longling region are mainly HCO_3-Na type with low but comparable SO_4 and Cl concentrations. Calculations based on a variety of chemical geothermometers and a K-Ca geobarometer indicate that the Banglazhang hydrothermal system has much higher subsurface temperature and CO_2 pressure compared to the other systems such as Daheba, Dazhulin and Huangcaoba. However, geothermal water samples collected from all these alternative hydrothermal areas are either partially equilibrated with reservoir minerals or are immature. The silica-enthalpy relationships of Banglazhang geothermal waters indicate the presence of a deep geothermal fluid with an enthalpy value and silica concentration of 945 J/g(up to around 220 °C) and 339 mg/L. Our work indicates the Banglazhang area is a promising source in terms of long-term utilization of hydrothermal resources. 相似文献
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岩浆热场：它的基本特征及其与地热场的区别 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
"岩浆热场"指的是由岩浆引发的瞬间热场。热场的热主要来自未固结的岩浆,岩浆加热了围岩,使下地壳、中地壳和上地壳的下部在一个短暂的时间内保持一种高热状态。岩浆热场与地热场有许多不同:(1)热的来源不同。地热场的热主要来自地壳物质放射性生成的热;岩浆热场的热来自岩浆。(2)热的分布不同。地热场的等温面总体上呈水平分布,温度随深度增加而增加;岩浆热场的等温面则围绕岩体分布,靠近岩体温度高,远离岩体温度低,故岩浆热场的等温面是大体垂直于地热场等温面分布的。(3)热场的规模不同。地热场是全球性的,岩浆热场是局部性的,只在有岩浆的地方才出现。岩体小则规模小(热场宽度仅几米或几十米),岩体大则规模大(宽约几千米);如果存在大规模岩浆活动,岩浆热场的长宽均可达几百或上千千米,如在中国东部中生代大规模岩浆活动期间。(4)热持续的时间不同。地热场可以持续很长的时间(几十、几百或几千个百万年);岩浆热场是瞬间的突发性事件,持续的时间从几年到几个百万年。岩浆热场最重要的意义是,它是热液赖以上升的通道,它有利于来自下地壳底部和壳幔过渡带的流体(热液)的活动,使含矿热液得以顺利上升,并在热场范围内进行充分的活动、对流循环、萃取围岩中的成矿金属元素,并在地壳浅部岩浆热场之上合适的部位沉淀富集成矿。"岩浆热场"的概念依赖于对岩浆物理性质和过程的深入了解,由于我们这方面的知识相对贫乏,所以目前对岩浆热场的了解还是很肤浅的。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(2):273-285
Geothermal energy is a precious resource, which is widely distributed, varied, and abundant. China has entered a period of rapid development of geothermal energy since 2010. As shallow geothermal energy promoting, the depth of hydrothermal geothermal exploration is increasing. The quality of Hot Dry Rock (HDR) and related exploratory technologies are better developed and utilized. On the basis of geothermal development, this paper reviews the geothermal progress during the “12th Five-Year Plan”, and summarizes the achievements of hydrothermal geothermal and hot dry rocks from geothermal survey and evaluation aspects. Finally, the authors predict the development trend of the future geothermal research to benefit geothermal and hot dry rock research. 相似文献