首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Earthquake engineering research and development have received much attention since the first half of the twentieth century. This valuable research presented a huge step forward in understanding earthquake hazard mitigation,which resulted in appreciable reduction of the effects of past earthquakes. Nevertheless,the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the subsequent tsunami resulted in major damage. This paper presents the timeline of earthquake mitigation and recovery,as seen by the authors. Possible research directions where the authors think that many open questions still remain are identified. These are primarily based on the important lessons learned from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.  相似文献   

2.
荣扬名  王桥  丁霞  黄清华 《地球物理学报》2012,55(11):3709-3717
本文选择2011年3月11日M9.0日本东北大地震震中附近三个地磁台站16个月(2010/01/01—2011/04/30)的特低频地磁观测资料,采用去倾扰动分析方法,得到了这三个台站地磁记录的非均匀标度特征随时间的变化,提出了一种能反映地磁三分量非均匀标度特征同步变化的指标,并据此探讨了特低频地磁信号分形标度特征变化与日本东北大地震之间的可能关联性,初步结果表明,这三个台站的特低频地磁信号分形标度特征指标在日本东北大地震前25~50天左右呈现出同步的异常增加,基于磁静日观测资料的随机合成地磁数据的统计检验结果可知前述异常并非随机异常,而是一种具有统计显著性的异常,可能反映了日本东北大地震对周边地磁信号内在的非线性系统特征产生了有统计意义的影响.  相似文献   

3.
Geotechnical engineering aspects of the catastrophic earthquake, which occurred in Japan on March, 11, 2011 and called Tohoku earthquake are discussed. A review is presented of the first results obtained mainly by Japanese scientists based on records of seismic networks of Japan K-NET, Kik-net and on GPS data. The basic concepts of seismic zoning in Japan and the location of the Tohoku-oki earthquake on the seismic zoning maps are described, as well as models of the source process obtained by various authors based on teleseismic data, strong motion data, GPS data, and tsunami observations. The recorded peak accelerations and velocities and their correspondence to the current empirical attenuation curves are discussed. The records of the Tohoku earthquake made by Japanese seismic networks K-NET, Kik-net and some others represent unique seismological material and the most complete seismic database (including vertical array records) in the near-source zone of a strongest earthquake with magnitude M w = 9. These data will be studied by seismologists all over the world for many years and, probably, they will answer many questions of geotechnical seismic engineering.  相似文献   

4.
李艳娥  陈学忠 《地震》2017,37(4):10-21
2011年3月11日, 一个 MW9.1地震袭击了日本本州地区, 为了分析这次地震前后主震破裂区内应力时空变化, 我们选取1996年1月~2016年6月期间发生在破裂区内的563个5.0≤MS≤6.9地震, 研究了视应力随时间的变化和空间分布。 日本MW9.1地震前从2002年中起视应力开始呈趋势性上升变化, 到2009年初以0.18 MPa/a的速率从0.6 MPa上升到1.76 MPa, 相差约3倍, 直到地震发生前夕一直保持在1.5 MPa之上。 地震发生之后, 直到2016年6月在破裂区内视应力呈缓慢下降变化, 但仍保持在1.5 MPa之上较高水平。 视应力在地面上和断层面上的分布显示, 1996—2005年间破裂区仅存在个别视应力高值, 从2006年到2011年2月, 破裂区大面积出现视应力高值。 在日本MW9.1地震发生之后的近3个月内, 破裂区视应力整体处于高值水平, 之后在较高的水平上缓慢减弱。 视应力是地震断层面上平均应力的下限, 视应力的高低在一定程度上反映的是震源断层面上平均应力的高低。 在日本MW9.1地震前, 发生在破裂区内的地震, 其断层面上的平均应力经历了大约8.5年的趋势上升变化过程。 这次大地震前破裂区所在的地壳应力逐渐增加, 最后导致断层面错动发生日本MW9.1地震。  相似文献   

5.
Data from a superconducting gravimeter were obtained from the Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOPE), Czech Republic, and compared with acceleration data from a broadband seismometer at the same location. We calculated synthetic seismograms for several point- and finite-source fast solutions of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake obtained from surface waves and tested them only against the observed gravity data because of high-noise levels in the low-frequency seismic data. We have obtained a good fit of the synthetic amplitude spectrum with the data up to 1.7 mHz without an additional increase of the moment magnitude Mw. In this aspect, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake was similar to the 2010 Maule earthquake and different from the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, where the free-oscillations studies resulted in an increase of the early Mw values. The degree-one mode 3S{ia1} dominates the 3S1?C2S2?C1S3 triplet at the GOPE station.  相似文献   

6.
2011年全球地震活动性和地震灾害概要   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
2011年是近百年来全球地震重灾年之一。日本宫城MW9.0级地震灾情惨重,经济损失巨大。  相似文献   

7.
The Tohoku megathrust earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011 and had an epicenter that was 70 km east of Tohoku, Japan, resulted in an estimated ten's of billions of dollars in damage and a death toll of more than 15 thousand lives, yet few studies have documented key spatio-temporal seismogenic characteristics. Specifically, the temporal decay of aftershock activity, the number of strong aftershocks (with magnitudes greater than or equal to 7.0), the magnitude of the greatest aftershock, and area of possible aftershocks. Forecasted results from this study are based on Gutenberg-Richter's relation, Bath's law, Omori's law, and Well's relation of rupture scale utilizing the magnitude and statistical parameters of earthquakes in USA and China (Landers, Northridge, Hector Mine, San Simeon and Wenchuan earthquakes). The number of strong aftershocks, the parameters of Gutenberg-Richter's relation, and the modified form of Omori's law are confirmed based on the aftershock sequence data from the MW9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Moreover, for a large earthquake, the seismogenic structure could be a fault, a fault system, or an intersection of several faults. The seismogenic structure of the earthquake suggests that the event occurred on a thrust fault near the Japan trench within the overriding plate that subsequently triggered three or more active faults producing large aftershocks.  相似文献   

8.
Teleseismic and GPS data were jointly inverted for the rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The inversion results show that it is a bilateral rupture event with an average rupture velocity less than 2.0 km/s along the fault strike direction. The source rupture process consists of three sub-events, the first occurred near the hypocenter and the rest two ruptured along the up-dip direction and broke the sea bed, causing a maximum slip of about 30 m. The large-scale sea bed breakage may account for the tremendous tsunami disaster which resulted in most of the death and missing in this mega earthquake.  相似文献   

9.
顾国华  王武星 《地震学报》2020,42(2):196-204
2016年11月22日日本本州东岸近海发生东日本MW9.0大地震的MS7.2强余震。本文利用美国内华达大学内华达大地测量实验室网站获得此次大地震周围共30多个GPS连续观测站及其它台站的IGS08全球参考框架坐标时间序列,采用北京附近的GPS连续观测站BJSH作为区域位移参考框架的核心站,获取了此次MS7.2强余震的同震水平位移和区域参考框架位移时间序列,得到了此次强余震前后的位移时空变化图像。结果显示:尽管本州东岸近海MS7.2地震作为东日本MW9.0地震的强余震,受其震后形变的影响强烈,但其地壳水平形变的前兆规律与已观测到的大地震一致;不同的是东日本MW9.0地震前的垂直位移无积累,而本州东岸近海MS7.2地震前后的垂直位移保持MW9.0地震后均匀而缓慢的衰减变化;临震前震中附近的GPS连续观测站的东西分量明显减速,有的甚至减至零,是明显的短期前兆异常。此外,本文还进一步讨论了两种同震位移及其成因,并推断地壳水平运动挤压是此次地震的成因。   相似文献   

10.
The results of the comparative analysis of parameters of the Tohoku earthquake (Honshu Island, Japan) of March 11, 2011, 05:46 UTC and its aftershocks are presented.  相似文献   

11.
This study conducts coupled simulation of strong motion and tsunami using stochastically generated earthquake source models. It is focused upon the 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake. The ground motion time-histories are simulated using the multiple-event stochastic finite-fault method, which takes into account multiple local rupture processes in strong motion generation areas. For tsunami simulation, multiple realizations of wave profiles are generated by evaluating nonlinear shallow water equations with run-up. Key objectives of this research are: (i) to investigate the sensitivity of strong motion and tsunami hazard parameters to asperities and strong motion generation areas, and (ii) to quantify the spatial variability and dependency of strong motion and tsunami predictions due to common earthquake sources. The investigations provide valuable insights in understanding the temporal and spatial impact of cascading earthquake hazards. Importantly, the study also develops an integrated strong motion and tsunami simulator, which is capable of capturing earthquake source uncertainty. Such an advanced numerical tool is necessary for assessing the performance of buildings and infrastructure that are subjected to cascading earthquake–tsunami hazards.  相似文献   

12.
Presently, there are a lot of observations on the significant impact of strong remote earthquakes on underground water and local seismicity. Teleseismic wave trains of strong earthquakes give rise to several hydraulic effects in boreholes, namely permanent water level changes and water level oscillations, which closely mimic the seismograms (hydro-seismograms). Clear identical anomalies in the deep borehole water levels have been observed on a large part of the territory of Georgia during passing of the S and Love–Rayleigh teleseismic waves (including also multiple surface Rayleigh waves) of the 2011 Tohoku M9 earthquake. The analysis carried out in order to find dynamically triggered events (non-volcanic tremors) of the Tohoku earthquake by the accepted methodology has not revealed a clear tremor signature in the test area: the Caucasus and North Turkey. The possible mechanisms of some seismic signals of unknown origin observed during passage of teleseismic waves of Tohoku earthquake are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
This paper reviews the precursory phenomena of the 2011 MW9 Tohoku earthquake in Japan that emerge solely when we analyze the seismicity data in a new time domain termed natural time. If we do not consider this analysis, important precursory changes cannot be identified and hence are missed. Natural time analysis has the privilege that enables the introduction of an order parameter of seismicity. In this frame, we find that the fluctuations of this parameter exhibit an unprecedented characteristic change, i.e., an evident minimum, approximately two months before Tohoku earthquake, which strikingly is almost simultaneous with unique anomalous geomagnetic field variations recorded mainly on the z component. This is consistent with our finding that such a characteristic change in seismicity appears when a seismic electric signal(SES) activity of the VAN method(from the initials of Varotsos, Alexopoulos, Nomicos) initiates, and provides a direct confirmation of the physical interconnection between SES and seismicity.  相似文献   

14.
缪淼  朱守彪 《地球物理学报》2012,55(9):2982-2993
地震静态触发研究在全世界范围内广泛开展,并取得显著成效;但是否所有的大地震,地震静态触发都有很好的效果,对此目前还不甚清楚.本文通过计算最近发生在俯冲带上的三次特大地震(2011年日本东北地震(Mw=9.1)、2010年智利地震(Mw=8.8)与2004年苏门答腊—安达曼地震(Mw=9.0))所产生的静态库仑应力变化,考察主震库仑应力变化对其后续余震空间分布的影响,从而研究俯冲带上特大地震对地震的触发效果.计算结果显示:对于2011年日本东北地震,仅有47%的后续余震发生在库仑应力增加的区域;2010年智利地震也只有47.6%的余震位置处于库仑应力变化的正值区;2004年苏门答腊地震触发了49.8%的后续余震.文中通过进一步改变模型参数(如:采用不同的有效摩擦系数,使用不同作者给出的震源模型等)进行计算,结果表明这三大地震对后续余震的触发比例仍然不高(最好情况下,触发比例也不超过60%).但对于板内地震(如:2008年汶川地震,1999年集集地震),主震对后续余震的触发比例超过85%.由此可以推知,对于俯冲带上的特大地震,地震静态触发效果不显著.因此,对于俯冲带上大地震的触发问题,还需深入研究.  相似文献   

15.
Earthquake source parameters, seismological, geological, geophysical, geodetic, and macroseismic data are reported for the source zone of the Tohoku earthquake (M = 9) that occurred on March 11, 2011 near the eastern coast of Honshu Island. The seismotectonic position of the seismic source situated in the western Pacific active margin, distribution of epicenters and hypocenters of the main shock, foreshocks and aftershocks, features of the focal mechanism solutions, and directions of the horizontal and vertical offsets of the Island surface were studied to focus attention on the nature of deformation in the Honshu Region. The obtained data make it possible to establish intraplate and interplate components in the complex source of the earthquake. Relationships between seismic and geodetic manifestations were investigated. The Tohoku earthquake was suggested to be a great lithospheric structure.  相似文献   

16.
In the afternoon of March 11, 2011, the eastern Japan was severely attacked by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (the Great East Japan earthquake). Nearly 30,000 people were killed or are still missing by that earthquake and the ensuing monster tsunami as of April 11, 2011. This paper reports some aspects of this devastating earthquake which hit an advanced country in seismic resistant design. It has been reported that long-period ground motions were induced in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. The properties of these long-period ground motions are discussed from the viewpoint of critical excitation and the seismic behavior of two steel buildings of 40 and 60 stories subjected to the long-period ground motion recorded at Shinjuku, Tokyo is determined and discussed. This paper also reports the effectiveness of visco-elastic dampers like high-hardness rubber dampers in the reduction of responses of super high-rise buildings subjected to such long-period ground motions. The response reduction rate is investigated in detail in addition to the maximum response reduction. In December 2010 before this earthquake, simulated long-period ground motions for earthquake resistant design of high-rise buildings were provided in three large cities in Japan (Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka) and nine areas were classified. Two 40-story steel buildings (slightly flexible and stiff) are subjected to these long-period ground motions in those nine areas for the detailed investigation of response characteristics of super high-rise buildings in various areas.  相似文献   

17.
宋程  张永仙  夏彩韵  吴永加 《地震》2017,37(2):47-56
以日本局部地区(32.0°~46.0°N, 136.0°~148.0°E)为研究区域, 应用图像信息方法, 选用8 a滑动预测窗长, 1°×1°网格为主要计算参数, 系统计算了研究区域内2000年以来的“地震热点”(显著异常地区)并获得了区域内7级以上大震特别是2011年日本东北MW9.0地震的热点演化图像。 结果表明: ① 包含MW9.0地震的预测时间窗内, 其震中的邻近网格持续有热点出现, 并且其中有4个连续滑动的窗口中该地震震中所在网格亦存在热点。 ② 在回溯时间段内发生的21个M≥7.0地震中, 除2004年9月5日发生于日本近畿南岸近海的M7.1地震前无地震热点外, 绝大多数在震前皆有热点出现。 ③ 与其他M≥7.0地震相比, MW9.0地震前热点图像分布范围更广, 稳定性更好, 持续时间更长。  相似文献   

18.
简述了印度洋地震海啸与日本新、福冈地震灾害,分析了山西省防震减灾工作所面临的形势,提出了搞好山西省防震减灾工作的措施和建议,认为各级政府及有关部门应严格履行防震减灾的法定职责,作好“三大体系”的各项工作,才能实现无震有备,有震少灾。  相似文献   

19.
地震发生时的仪器烈度计算和震后的烈度速报对于地震预警系统以及震后救援具有重要的意义。仪器烈度计算速度的改善和计算结果的准确度对于整个预警过程都十分重要。日本仪器烈度计算方法的发展主要经过了3个阶段:1996年气象厅仪器烈度计算方法,2008年实时仪器烈度计算方法以及2013年实时仪器烈度计算方法。本文详细阐述了这3种烈度计算方法,并且采用2011年3月11日东日本9.0级地震的数据,对比分析了3种方法所得到的仪器烈度,发现2013年方法比1996年气象厅仪器烈度在计算速度上具有一定的优势;相比较于2008年的实时仪器烈度,2013年方法计算得到的实时仪器烈度更接近于1996年气象厅仪器烈度。   相似文献   

20.
在PEER地震动数据库(PGMD)的基础上, 结合近几年国内外特大地震的地面运动记录, 建立了地面运动数据库, 同时根据日本MW9.0特大地震获得的141组记录进行统计回归建立加速度反应谱衰减关系, 并采用条件均值反应谱法, 即设定地震与结构概率需求结合的方法选择地面运动. 选波实例表明, 当设定地震为特大地震时, 基于条件均值反应谱法选取地面运动记录时, 扩展数据库中大震记录并建立符合大震记录加速度反应谱的衰减关系是十分必要与迫切的. 该思路为进一步研究结构动态时程分析中地面运动记录选取问题及所选记录提供了依据.   相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号