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中国中部高铝质超高压变质岩 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
我国中部在超高压条件下形成的高铝质变质岩石, 以蓝晶黄玉石英岩为特征, 具有以蓝晶石、富水黄玉、富镁硬绿泥石、柯石英、硬水铝石等为代表的高压－超高压变质矿物, 矿物组合主要为蓝晶石＋ 黄玉＋ 石英 （柯石英）、蓝晶石＋ 蓝刚玉±富镁硬绿泥石等。化学成分富铝而贫镁, 其原岩为陆缘高铝质泥质沉积岩。实验岩石学的研究表明, 蓝晶石＋ 黄玉在１０００℃～１２００℃,３．１～３．７７ＧＰａ 条件下仍可稳定存在,而石英已部分转变为柯石英。蓝晶石＋ 黄玉与柯石英一起稳定于超高压条件下。这表明以高铝质岩石为代表的地壳物质已进入到地幔深度, 达到这样的深度只能由会聚板块的俯冲作用而引起。因此,高铝质岩石的存在可以作为Ａ型俯冲作用的指示剂。超高压变质的高铝质岩石将成为陆－陆碰撞事件的重要研究内容。 相似文献
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华中高压－超高压变质富铝岩石为陆壳岩石经变质而成，其典型的岩石类型为蓝晶石黄玉石英岩。矿物温压计估算其ｐ－Ｔ条件为Ｔ＝７００℃，ｐ＝１．２ＧＰａ；高温高压实验结果表明，蓝晶石＋黄玉组合在Ｔ＝１０００～１２００℃，Ｐ＝３．１～３．７７ＧＰａ范围内可以稳定存在，是高压－超高压变质作用产物。在蓝晶石石英岩中发现柯石英及柯石英假象，区域上其它岩石组合也有高压－超高压变质作用的证据。变质富铝岩石为榴辉岩相变质作用产物，从而证明陆壳岩石可以经历＞２．０ＧＰａ的变质压力条件。 相似文献
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超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柯石英是石英的高压同质多相变体，是超高压变质作用的产物，它是识别超高压变质作用的重要标志矿物。柯石英的发现表明了近地表的岩石随板块运动曾被俯冲至地下大于90km的深度并经受了超高压变质作用。研究柯石英→石英相变过程中的微结构变化，对进一步研究超高压变质作用的机理及超高压变质岩折返过程的动力学机制具有重要意义。本文简述了近年来有关超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的一些进展。 相似文献
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超高压变质作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文简要概述了近年在西阿尔卑斯、挪威西部、我国中东部及苏联一些地区超高压变质岩石的最新研究成果,指出柯石英及其向石英转变而形成的张裂结构是鉴别这一超高压变质作用的主要标志.指示超高压变质条件的其它矿物及矿物组合的尚有镁十字石、ellenberserite、硬玉十蓝晶石、滑石十蓝晶石和滑石十多硅白云母等,金刚石代表更极端的高压条件.超高压变质作用的边界压力>2.SGPa,温度约700~840C,代表一个近于7℃/km的极低的地热梯度,其退化轨还为压力和温度同时降低.超高压变质岩石严格地产出于陆内造山带,表明它们是在大陆与大陆碰撞过程中由深俯冲作用形成的,其俯冲深度可超过90km,使柯石英得以保存的快速构造抬升可能是连续俯冲一仰冲的结果. 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(2):40-53
研究发现,高压-超高压变质岩基本都发育于全球或区域规模的大型构造带,产于强烈构造变形带中相对较弱应变的部位。苏鲁—大别超高压变质岩具有明显的构造变形,这成为追索构造应力-应变作用和探讨形成构造环境与演化过程的重要线索。本研究用成岩成矿深度的"构造校正测算方法",进行野外观察、岩石变形-应力测算及构造校正测算。其结果显示,超高压变质岩形成深度在23~55km之间。大别—苏鲁超高压变质岩的锆石SHRIMP年龄显示,具有环带的内核高压矿物年龄大于680 Ma,而其含柯石英幔圈里超高压变质矿物在(231±4)Ma形成,角闪岩相等退变质矿物形成在(211±4)Ma,可见超高压变质发生在陆缘和陆内的地质环境。综合研究其岩石矿物的Sr-Nd、O和He同位素含量,有力证明了岩石的壳内成因特征。深钻孔岩心的岩石矿物学系统显示,超高压变质岩及其几公里宽范围里的各类围岩普遍含有柯石英等高压-超高压矿物包体。上述实际资料,用超高压变质的"深俯冲-折返"模式已经不能得到科学的解释。本文提出大别—苏鲁超高压变质岩"构造增压壳内成因模式",认为这些超高压变质作用可能发育在陆内地块之间的强烈构造挤压环境。在230Ma左右,由于构造压力与重力压力叠加致使局部达到超高压及相应温度等条件,特别是当p≥2.8GPa时,变质的物理化学条件得到满足,可以在23~55km深处发生超高压变质作用,之后经应力松弛和拆离构造,岩石又逐步抬升并发生退变质作用。也可以说,该超高压变质岩具有构造物理化学成因。 相似文献
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对全球28个超高压变质岩产地的地质对比研究发现,超高压变质带的发育,与弧-陆和陆-陆碰撞造山带关系密切。碰撞造山带多发育于活动的大陆边缘。在那里,冷的陆壳物质可以深俯冲到另一个相对稳定的未俯冲的板块之下,其深度可以超过90~120 km,在高压达>2.5 GPa和温度约600℃或更高条件下,导致超高压特征矿物如,柯石英、金刚石等的生成。在空间分布上,超高压变质带集中于欧亚大陆及其周缘,澳洲和北美目前尚未有报道。从时代上看,超高压变质带多出现于显生宙,前寒武纪只有晚元古代（泛非运动期）少数两例。说明以超高压变质带为特征的碰撞造山作用,是显生宙以来,陆壳增生达到一定的规模后,才出现的构造体制;Rodinia和Pangea古大陆的裂解,使地温梯度降低,从而有利于超高压变质带的生成。 相似文献
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大别山高压-超高压变质期后伸展构造格局 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
大别山高压、超高压变质期后构造格架的最显著特征是以罗田片麻岩穹隆为核部的多层伸展拆离滑脱带的发育,并由它们将超高压变质单元、高压变质单元和蓝闪－绿片岩单元分隔成垂向叠置的席状岩片,类似于变质核杂岩的基本结构样式。这种伸展构造格架制约了高压、超高压岩石的展布,而在较大榴辉岩体中保存的缩短或挤压组构则是以高压、超高压变质作用为标志的陆－陆碰撞事件的记录。正确地区分挤压组构与伸展组构是识别大别山带内高压 相似文献
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大别造山带西段的新县高压超高压变质带中，分布着多种没类型的榴辉岩，研究发现，尽管它们有着不同的峰变质条件，但都经历了相同的绿帘角认岩相前进行变质，具有相近的峰变质年龄和相似的退变质轨迹，其形成和折返可能与华北，扬子两大古陆在早奥陶世末的陆－陆碰撞有关。 相似文献
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极端条件下的变质作用——变质地质学研究的前沿 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在简单回顾变质地质学形成和发展的不同历程的基础上,扼要地总结了近年来有关极端条件下的超高压变质作用、超高温变质作用和很低温变质作用研究的现状和存在的问题。根据峰期变质温度的不同,结合其矿物组合和地质产状特征,进一步提出将超高压变质作用划分为低温超高压变质作用(峰期变质温度低于600℃)、中温超高压变质作用(峰期变质温度介于600~900℃)和高温超高压变质作用(峰期变质温度大于900℃)。低温超高压变质作用与大洋板块的冷俯冲作用有关,其研究对于探讨俯冲带水流体的循环和地幔水流体的成因具有重要意义;中、高温超高压变质作用与大陆深俯冲作用相关,是目前超高压变质作用研究的热点领域;高温超高压变质作用的研究与探讨地球内(深)部组成和结构相关,一直是地质学家关注的前沿问题。超高温变质作用研究正在向深入发展,中国有关超高温变质作用的研究才刚刚起步;很低温变质作用的研究长期以来没有得到应有的重视,随着研究手段和方法的不断完善和提高,将会有大的发展。极端条件下的变质作用是近年来固体地球科学研究取得的重要进展,是目前变质地质学研究的前沿领域。 相似文献
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超高压变质岩的折返过程是陆陆碰撞边界演化的关键问题。南倾的花凉亭-弥陀剪切带位于南大别低温-超高压变质
带和中大别中温-超高压变质带之间,矿物拉伸线理倾伏向为SE,逆冲和走滑分量大致相等。电子背散射衍射分析表明：
花凉亭-弥陀剪切带大多数样品的石英组构记录了上盘向NW的剪切变形,反映了中大别超高压变质岩向SE的快速折返,
而部分样品的石英具有上盘向SE的剪切指向,与早白垩世花岗岩穹隆发育导致的区域伸展有关。对前人的岩石学和年代学
成果进行总结,发现大别山进变质和超高压变质峰期/退变质的锆石U-Pb年龄从南往北逐渐变新,南大别和中大别在215~
225 Ma同时经历了高压榴辉岩相退变质作用,在191~195 Ma经历了绿片岩相变质作用。超高压变质岩的白云母和黑云母的
40Ar/39Ar年龄靠近郯庐断裂时偏年轻,可能受到郯庐断裂活动的影响。南大别和中大别变质峰期温压的等值线与花凉亭-弥
陀剪切带的走向斜交,反映了超高压变质岩的斜向折返。因此,南大别低温-超高压变质带在~236 Ma最先开始折返,之后
中大别和北大别依次发生快速折返,具有不同折返速率和折返角度的构造岩片通过韧性剪切带调节相对运动。 相似文献
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Qiu and Wijbrans [Qiu H.-N. and Wijbrans J. R. (2006) Paleozoic ages and excess 40Ar in garnets from the Bixiling eclogite in Dabieshan, China: new insights from 40Ar/39Ar dating by stepwise crushing. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta70, 2354-2370] present three Ar-Ar age spectra for fluid inclusions in garnet from eclogite at Bixiling in the Dabie orogen, east-central China. These Paleozoic ages of 427 ± 20 to 444 ± 10 Ma are interpreted to represent the first formation of Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogite and thus require subduction of Yangtze crust to have started much earlier than previously accepted. However, no petrographic evidence, such as mineral inclusions in the garnet relating to the particular metamorphic conditions, is presented to substantiate the proposed UHP metamorphic event. Because garnet growth is not uniquely responsible for UHP eclogite-facies metamorphism, a distinction between UHP and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic events must be made in the interpretation of geochronological results. Available data from mineral Sm-Nd and zircon U-Pb dating of eclogites from the same area have firmly established that the UHP eclogite-facies metamorphism took place at Triassic. Neither the age of UHP metamorphism nor the timing of continental collision is reliably constrained by their presented data; the fluid inclusions in garnet must contain inherited 40Ar from UHP eclogite precursor, without considerable resetting of the Ar-Ar isotopic system during Triassic UHP metamorphism. Therefore, their data are either meaningless, or at best viewed as the age of garnet growth by low-T/HP blueschist/eclogite-facies metamorphism of the UHP eclogite precursor during arc-continent collision in the early Paleozoic. Furthermore, it is critical for metamorphic geochronology to substantiate the timing of UHP metamorphic event by means of zircon U-Pb in situ dating on coesite-bearing domains of metamorphically grown zircon. 相似文献
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北大别超高压榴辉岩的快速折返与缓慢冷却过程 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
岩石学研究表明,北大别超高压榴辉岩经过了超高压和高压榴辉岩相变质作用以及麻粒岩相叠加和角闪岩相退变质作用.其中,高压麻粒岩相和角闪岩相变质阶段形成的后成合晶以及石榴子石和单斜辉石等矿物中成分分带的存在,证明该区榴辉岩经历了一个快速折返过程;而不同变质阶段的温度、压力和形成时代,却反映该区榴辉岩在峰期超高压变质作用之后又经历了一个缓慢冷却过程.超高压岩石折返期间的缓慢冷却过程也许正是北大别长期难以发现柯石英和有关超高压证据的重要原因.因此,本文为大别山不同超高压岩片的差异折返模型的建立提供了新的证据. 相似文献
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新疆西南天山蓝片岩-榴辉岩带是全球少有的几个经历超高压变质作用的洋壳俯冲带之一,近年来的同位素年代学研究表明其变质作用主要发生于石炭纪。然而,该蓝片岩-榴辉岩带峰期变质作用,特别是超高压变质作用的时代还未精确限定。本文选取来自该带的典型钠云母黝帘石榴辉岩(样品211-3和H76-10),在详细的岩石学和相平衡研究基础上,开展了Lu-Hf同位素年代学研究,以期获得其峰期变质作用时代。相平衡模拟结果表明两榴辉岩中石榴石均记录了升温降压型折返P-T(温度-压力)轨迹。其中,样品211-3经历了超高压变质作用,其压力峰期P-T条件为~540℃、~2.9GPa,石榴石-绿辉石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为326.9±1.3Ma;样品H76-10仅经历了高压变质作用,其压力峰期P-T条件为~490℃、~2.4GPa,石榴石-绿辉石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为306±11Ma。结合前人年代学数据,获得新疆西南天山超高压榴辉岩峰期变质作用时代为327~326Ma,高压榴辉岩峰期变质作用时代为316-306Ma。本文获得的超高压变质作用确切年龄326.9±1.3Ma,对于揭示古南天山洋深俯冲和闭合的时间具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Metamorphic zircon from coesite‐bearing eclogites in the Dabie Mountains encloses high‐P phases, and may have formed at the peak of ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Morphologically, the metamorphic zircon typically occurs as small, multi‐faceted, near‐spherical grains with homogeneous internal structure and weak backscattered electron (BSE) luminescence. Geochemically, it is characterized by extremely high and relatively constant contents of hafnium (Hf) and very low contents of Y, U and Th, reflecting the contraction of the zircon lattice under the UHP conditions. High contents of Hf may be characteristic of zircon formed during UHP metamorphism, which has important consequences for interpretation of geochronological results. We propose that the metamorphic zircon extremely enriched in Hf may be used to date the peak of UHP metamorphism that produced the coesite‐bearing eclogites in the Dabie Mountains, and potentially in other UHP terranes. 相似文献
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Mineral inclusions in zircons of para- and orthogneiss from pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PP1, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project 总被引：48，自引：0，他引：48
Fulai Liu Zhiqin Xu Ikuo Katayama Jingsui Yang Shigenori Maruyama J. G. Liou 《Lithos》2001,59(4):199-215
The pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PP1, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD), with depth of 432 m, is located in the Donghai area in the southwestern Sulu terrane. The core samples are mainly comprised of paragneiss, orthogneiss and ultramafic rock with minor intercalated layers of eclogite and phengite-bearing kyanite quartzite. All analyzed paragneiss and orthogneiss samples were overprinted on amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism. Coesite and coesite-bearing ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mineral assemblages were identified by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis as inclusions in zircons separated from paragneiss, eclogite and phengite-bearing kyanite quartzite samples. In the paragneiss samples, UHP mineral inclusion assemblages mainly consist of Coe+Omp+Grt+Phe, Coe+Jd+Phe+Ap preserved in the mantles (M) and rims (R) of zircons. These UHP mineral inclusion assemblages yield temperatures of 814–852 °C and pressures of ≥28 kbar, presenting the P–T condition of UHP peak metamorphism of these country rocks. According to the mineral inclusions and cathodoluminescence images of zircons, the orthogneisses can be divided into two types: UHP (OG1) and non-UHP (OG2). In OG1 orthogneisses, low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblage, mainly consisting of Qtz+Phe+Ab+Ksp+Ap, were identified in zircon cores (C), while coesite or coesite-bearing UHP mineral inclusions were identified in the mantles (M) and rims (R) of the same zircons. These features suggest that the OG1 orthogneisses, together with the paragneisses, phengite-bearing kyanite quartzite and eclogite experienced widespread UHP metamorphism in the Sulu terrane. However, in the zircons of OG2 orthogneiss samples, no UHP mineral inclusions were found. Inclusions mainly comprised Qtz+Phe+Ap and were identified in cores (C), mantles (M) and rims (R) of OG2 zircons; the cathdoluminescence images of all analyzed zircons showed clear zonings from cores to rims. These features indicate that the OG2 orthogneisses in pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PP1 did not experience UHP metamorphism. Therefore, we should not rule out the possibility that some orthogneisses in Sulu terrane might represent relatively low-pressure granitic intrusives emplaced after the UHP event. 相似文献
19.
近期的变质岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究表明,北大别整体经历了高温超高压变质作用和多阶段折返历史,因而表现为广泛发育的多期减压结构和极少保留早期的超高压变质记录。北大别榴辉岩以高温变质作用以及折返期间因麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变质变质作用而形成的多期后成合晶为显著特征。石榴子石中伴有放射状胀裂纹的单晶和多晶石英包体指示早期柯石英的转变结果,这已被锆石中发现的柯石英残晶所证实。结合北大别北部榴辉岩和片麻岩中发现的金刚石等超高压证据以及三叠纪变质记录,由此证明北大别整体经历过深俯冲和印支期超高压变质作用。北大别榴辉岩的多阶段高温条件主要来自石榴子石-绿辉石矿物对温度计、单斜辉石中紫苏辉石+石英针状矿物出熔体以及金红石中较高的Zr含量和变质锆石中较高的Ti含量等得出的温度证据。此外,多期后成合晶以及石榴子石和单斜辉石等矿物中成分分带的存在,证明该区榴辉岩经历了一个多阶段、快速折返过程;而不同变质阶段的温度、压力和形成时代,却反映该区榴辉岩经历了长时间的高温变质演化与缓慢冷却过程。长时间的高温变质作用与缓慢冷却过程也许正是北大别长期难以发现柯石英和有关超高压记录的重要原因。因此,这些成果为大别山三个不同超高压岩片的差异折返模型的建立提供了新的证据。 相似文献
20.
The Maowu eclogite–pyroxenite body is a small (250×50 m) layered intrusion that occurs in the ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane of Dabieshan, China. Like the adjacent Bixiling complex, the Maowu intrusion was initially emplaced at a crustal level, then subducted along with the country gneisses to mantle depths and underwent UHP metamorphism during the collision of the North and South China Blocks in the Triassic. This paper presents the results of a geochemical and isotopic investigation on the metamorphosed Maowu body. The Maowu intrusion has undergone open system chemical and isotopic behavior three times. Early crustal contamination during magmatic differentiation is manifested by high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707–0.708) and inhomogeneous negative Nd(T) values of −3 to −10 at 500 Ma (probable protolith age). Post-magmatic and pre-UHP metamorphic metasomatism is indicated by sinusoidal REE patterns of garnet orthopyroxenites, lack of whole-rock (WR) Sm–Nd isochronal relationship, low δ18O values and an extreme enrichment of Th and REE in a clinopyroxenite. Finally, K and Rb depletion during UHP metamorphism is deduced from the high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios unsupported by in situ Rb/Sr ratios. Laser ICP-MS spot analyses on mineral grains show that (1) Grt and Cpx attained chemical equilibrium during UHP metamorphism, (2) Cpx/Grt partition coefficients for REE correlate with Ca, and (3) LREE abundances in whole rocks are not balanced by that of the principal phases (Grt and Cpx), implying that the presence of LREE-rich accessory phases, such as monazite and apatite, is required to account for the REE budget.
Sm–Nd isotope analyses of minerals yielded three internal isochrons with ages of 221±5 Ma and (T)=−5.4 for an eclogite, 231±16 Ma and (T)=−6.2 for a garnet websterite, and 236±19 Ma and (T)=−6.9 for a garnet clinopyroxenite. The Cpx/Grt chemical equilibrium and the consistent mineral isochron ages indicate that the metasomatic processes mentioned above must have occurred prior to the UHP metamorphism. These Sm–Nd ages agree with published zircon and monazite U–Pb ages and constrain the time of UHP metamorphism to 220–236 Ma. The Maowu and Bixiling layered intrusions are similar in their in situ tectonic relationship with their country gneisses, but the two bodies are distinguished by their magma-chamber processes. The Bixiling magmas were contaminated by the lower crust, whereas the Maowu magmas were contaminated by the upper crustal rocks during their emplacement and differentiation. The two complexes represent two distinct suites of magmatic rocks, which have resided in the continental crust for about 300–400 Ma before their ultimate subduction to mantle depths, UHP metamorphism and return to the crustal level. 相似文献