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1.
Rituparna Bose Arnab De Subho Mozumdar Goutam Sen Ananda Deb Mukherjee 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(10):860-868
A thorough comprehension of relevant environmental parameters is a prerequisite to preventing coastal degradation and environmental balance in coastal zones. In this study, we correlate major physicochemical of two coastal rivers (Matla and Saptamukhi) in the Sunderban district, West Bengal. The parameters namely: pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (inorganic and total) of these two rivers were studied in detail over the 90s decade. We hypothesized that both natural and anthropogenic activities during that time have contributed to the pollution and employed the above parameters to test our hypothesis. Our results reveal that the quality of waters in the rivers have been showed to be dependent on flood impacts, storm surge, eutrophication, domestic sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes. Thus, both natural and anthropogenic causes are the behind coastal pollution of river waters. We conclude that they have all contributed to pollution of these rivers in various ways and we calculate the differential effects of these parameters on coastal pollution. 相似文献
2.
Discharging different kinds of wastewater and polluted waters such as domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewaters into environment, especially to surface water, can cause heavy pollution of this body sources. With regard to increasing effluent discharge standards to the environment, high considerations should be made when selecting proper treatment processes. Any of chemical, biological and physical treatment processes have its own advantages and disadvantages. It should be kept in mind that economical aspects are important, too. In addition, employing environment-friendly methods for treatment is emphasized much more these days. Application of some waste products that could help in this regard, in addition to reuse of these waste materials, can be an advantage. Agricultural fibers are agricultural wastes and are generated in high amounts. The majority of such materials is generated in developing countries and, since they are very cheap, they can be employed as biosorbents in water and wastewater applications. Polluted surface waters, different wastewaters and partially treated wastewater may be contaminated by heavy metals or some organic matters and these waters should be treated to reduce pollution. The results of investigations show high efficiency of agricultural fibers in heavy metal and phenol removal. In this paper, some studies conducted by the author of this article and other investigators are reviewed. 相似文献
3.
本文论述了某污染的工业废物填埋场场址的地质、水文地质条件,应用水化学方法、环境同位素技术(地下水中氚及氢、氧稳定同位素)和同位素单孔示踪技术等同位素水文学领域中的新方法对区内地下水的活动条件以及填埋场场址区分布的第四系孔隙潜水和第三纪红层孔隙-裂隙水的成因进行了分析,测量并确定了填埋场下部地下水的流速及流向。研究结果表明场区地下水的运动与地表水无直接水力联系。污染的工业废物填埋后不会通过地下水的迁移造成对地表水的污染,进而证实填埋场的地质、水文地质条件对处置污染的工业废物是安全可靠的。 相似文献
4.
5.
Sources of nutrient pollution to coastal waters in the United States: Implications for achieving coastal water quality goals 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Some 60% of coastal rivers and bays in the U.S. have been moderately to severely degraded by nutrient pollution. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contribute to the problem, although for most coastal systems N additions cause more damage. Globally, human activity has increased the flux of N and P from land to the oceans by 2-fold and 3-fold, respectively. For N, much of this increase has occurred over the past 40 years, with the increase varying by region. Human activity has increased the flux of N in the Mississippi River basin by 4-fold, in the rivers of the northeastern U.S. by 8-fold, and in the rivers draining to the North Sea by more than 10-fold. The sources of nutrients to the coast vary. For some estuaries, sewage treatment plants are the largest single input; for most systems nonpoint sources of nutrients are now of relatively greater importance, both because of improved point source treatment and control (particularly for P) and because of increases in the total magnitude of nonpoint sources (particularly for N) over the past three decades. For P, agricultural activities dominate nonpoint source fluxes. Agriculture is also the major source of N in many systems, including the flux of N down the Mississippi River, which has contributed to the large hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. For both P and N, agriculture contributes to nonpoint source pollution both through losses at the field scale, as soils erode away and fertilizer is leached to surface and ground waters, and from losses from animal feedlot operations. In the U.S. N from animal wastes that leaks directly to surface waters or is volatilized to the atmosphere as ammonia may be the single largest source of N that moves from agricultural operations into coastal waters. In some regions, including the northeastern U.S., atmospheric deposition of oxidized N from fossil-fuel combustion is the major flux from nonpoint sources. This atmospheric component of the N flux into estuaries has often been underestimated, particularly with respect to deposition onto the terrestrial landscape with subsequent export downstream. Because the relative importance of these nutrient sources varies among regions and sites, so too must appropriate and effective mitigation strategies. The regional nature and variability of nutrient sources require that nutrient management efforts address large geographic areas. 相似文献
6.
选取1993～2008年瓜州县人类活动数据及双塔水库水质指标年平均值进行主成分分析,去除冗余信息后进行多元线性回归分析,得到四组反映人类活动对水库水环境影响情况的回归方程。说明对双塔水库水质起主要影响作用的是农业活动和因农业活动引起的土地利用变化,农业活动的非点源污染是水库水质的主要污染源,水库水质仍存在富营养化的风险;工业活动对水库水质的影响没有在回归方程中体现出来。在农业活动过程中,耕地面积每增加10 000亩促使pH值上升0.062、溶解氧值下降0.046、高锰酸钾指数上升0.103、COD值上升0.617;而每增加10 000t的氮肥施用量会引起pH值升高1.837;总人口每增加1万人,COD值上升0.798。 相似文献
7.
Nitrate and heavy metal pollution resulting from agricultural activity: a case study from Eskipazar (Karabuk,Turkey) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Tülay Ekemen Keskin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(4):703-721
In most countries of the world, groundwater and surface water are at a serious risk of pollution due to chemicals used in agricultural activities. The present study examined whether such a risk exists in Eskipazar, Turkey and the surrounding area, which covers a surface area of 696 km2. Nitrate pollution (NO3) was observed in waters discharging from the Örencik Formation, consisting of loose conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, and claystone levels; from the Yörük member of the Örencik Formation consisting of limestone, from areas where the Örencik Formation and Yörük member are located together, and from alluvium. Agricultural is practiced in these areas, and the waters discharging from these formations are used as drinking water and for domestic purposes. In particular, periodically varying levels of pollutants, such as B, Pb, Hg, Se were detected in wells drilled in Örencik Formation featuring a high NO3 concentration. The concentrations of S, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Br, Sr, Y, I, Ba, and U in these waters are also slightly higher than other cold waters in the study area. In addition to the NO3 pollution, high levels of Ca and SO4 pollution was observed at a well drilled in alluvium. In addition, some trace element concentrations identified in the wells drilled in the Örencik Formation were higher than the average values at geothermal and/or mineral springs in the study area. The study area has an adequate sewage system and has no sources of pollution, such as mineralization, industrial center, waste disposal area, etc. Therefore, it is believed that the main causes of NO3 and trace element pollution are fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural activities. Water–rock interaction, usage period of fertilizers and pesticides, amount of precipitation, groundwater level, usage of elements by plants, mobility of elements, pH value of the environment, redox potential, adsorption/desorption, biochemical processes, etc. are thought to be the causes of the periodical variation of some trace element concentrations observed in these waters. 相似文献
8.
固体废物、放射性废物处置及环境评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着经济建设的发展 ,人类从事的工农业生产、军事、科技等活动产生了大量的固体废物和放射性废物 ,严重污染了生态环境和人类自身的生存空间。评估、治理地质生态环境中的固体废物和放射性废物已成为当前地质工作中不容忽视的重要部分。 相似文献
9.
The aim of this study is to understand the effects of pollution of anthropogenic origin on water quality in Yalvac Basin,
part of the Egirdir Lake catchment. Surface discharge from the basin to the lake is 63 m3/year and underground discharge is 114 m3/year. Possible water pollution is categorized into domestic, industrial and agricultural origin. Domestic and industrial
wastewaters, including effluents from leather tanneries are discharged, without being purified, into Yalvac Stream, which
flows into Egirdir Lake directly or via the drainage canal. Surface waters flowing into the lake are used in winter for irrigation
of agricultural areas. In agricultural areas natural and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are used extensively. Lake Egirdir
is used as a source of drinking water. Sampling sites were established for surface and underground waters, taking into account
the known point sources of pollution. These sites were sampled in May and October of 2002, and analysed chemically. Cr3+ and Pb2+ concentrations exceed standard limits, meaning that pollution caused by effluent from the tanneries is adversely affecting
the water quality in the lake. 相似文献
10.
Jakub Langhammer 《GeoJournal》2010,75(2):185-198
This paper analyses the temporal dynamics and spatial trends in water quality changes in the Elbe River basin in the context
of the post-socialist economic transition of the Czech Republic (Czechia). During the 1990s, the Czech portion of the Elbe
River Basin underwent significant changes in the quality of surface waters. After a long period of massive discharges of pollution,
which reached a peak at the end of the 1980s, a reduction in effluent from industrial and municipal sources led to a substantial
decrease in the pollution of the Elbe River and its principal tributaries. The scope and speed of such water quality changes
was unprecedented in Czechia as well as throughout Europe. The classification of the spatial distribution of water quality
trends revealed that the majority of streams in the Czech Elbe River basin displayed improvement of surface water quality.
However, the decrease in pollution levels was spatially concentrated mainly in the Elbe River and its main tributaries. Many
of the peripheral streams are, on the contrary, experiencing deteriorating water quality, even in regions where water quality
improved in the early 1990s because of a decline in local economic activity associated with political changes in the former
Eastern Block countries. Further improvements in water quality are thus dependent on measures adopted across the entire river
basin, including the numerous minor streams. The current economic revival in a number of regions where decreases in water
pollution were not based on systematic pollution reduction measures, but only on the decline of industrial or agricultural
production, may result in a return to deteriorating water quality, primarily in the outer regions of the catchment. 相似文献
11.
Enis Morkoc Legovic Tarzan Oya Okay Huseyin Tufekci Vildan Tufekci Leyla Tolun Fatma Karakoc 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(1):103-112
The Izmit Bay is an elongated semi-enclosed bay in the Marmara Sea. It is being increasingly polluted by both domestic and
industrial waste discharge since 1970’s. A monitoring program was conducted between 1999-2000 to document the state of pollution
in the bay. This includes the effect of Marmara (Izmit) earthquake (magnitude 7.4) that occurred in August 1999. A stable
two-layer ecosystem exists in the bay throughout the year due to continuous inflows of the saltier Mediterranean and brackish
Black Sea waters to the Marmara basin. Therefore, the principal biochemical characteristics of the bay are governed by the
two-layer flow system over the basin. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is generally at a saturated levels in the surface layer which
is 10 to 15 m thick, but it is depleted to 60–70 μM in the lower layer, exhibiting a steep gradient in the sharp halocline.
When the earthquake occurred, great loads of industrial wastes were released into the bay surface waters, which enhanced primary
production in the upper layer and thus large export of particulate organic matter to lower layer and eventually to the bottom.
Accordingly, DO was consumed and anoxic condition was established even in the upper layer/halocline interface, the halocline
and bottom waters of the eastern and central bay. In this period, concurrent increases were observed in phosphate and ammonia
contents at the halocline and in deep waters whilst the nitrate was almost consumed via denitrification processes in the anoxic
water. Recently, the industrial C, N and P loads increased by as much as 8 fold within five years (1995–2000) whilst domestic
inputs increased by 50%. Total organic matter discharged to the bay increased more than double within the last 15 years. Besides,
most factories in the region release toxic wastes into the bay after only partial treatment. 相似文献
12.
Evolving Paradigms and Challenges in Estuarine and Coastal Eutrophication Dynamics in a Culturally and Climatically Stressed World 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hans W. Paerl Nathan S. Hall Benjamin L. Peierls Karen L. Rossignol 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(2):243-258
Coastal watersheds support more than one half of the world’s human population and are experiencing unprecedented urban, agricultural, and industrial expansion. The freshwater–marine continua draining these watersheds are impacted increasingly by nutrient inputs and resultant eutrophication, including symptomatic harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, finfish and shellfish kills, and loss of higher plant and animal habitat. In addressing nutrient input reductions to stem and reverse eutrophication, phosphorus (P) has received priority traditionally in upstream freshwater regions, while controlling nitrogen (N) inputs has been the focus of management strategies in estuarine and coastal waters. However, freshwater, brackish, and full-salinity components of this continuum are connected structurally and functionally. Intensification of human activities has caused imbalances in N and P loading, altering nutrient limitation characteristics and complicating successful eutrophication control along the continuum. Several recent examples indicate the need for dual N and P input constraints as the only nutrient management option effective for long-term eutrophication control. Climatic changes increase variability in freshwater discharge with more severe storms and intense droughts and interact closely with nutrient inputs to modulate the magnitude and relative proportions of N and P loading. The effects of these interactions on phytoplankton production and composition were examined in two neighboring North Carolina lagoonal estuaries, the New River and Neuse River Estuaries, which are experiencing concurrent eutrophication and climatically driven hydrologic variability. Efforts aimed at stemming estuarine and coastal eutrophication in these and other similarly impacted estuarine systems should focus on establishing N and P input thresholds that take into account effects of hydrologic variability, so that eutrophication and harmful algal blooms can be controlled over a range of current and predicted climate change scenarios. 相似文献
13.
M. ?mietanka J. Brzozowski D. ?liwiński K. Smarzyńska Z. Miatkowski M. Kalarus 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):175-181
Poland, like other EU countries, is obliged to implement the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/WE) by the end of 2015. The
main objective of the Directive is to provide normative quality of all water resources (surface, underground and coastal sea
waters). To reach this goal, reduction of water pollutant emission to the environment is needed. Our project focuses on pollution
from agricultural sources which share in global pollution, which is high and growing. This is due to both intensification
of agricultural activities and ignoring Agricultural Good Practice Code rules by farmers. In view of the above, this project
is expected to provide analysis of selected catchments; especially those exposed to agricultural pollution risk, and propose
adjustment strategies for new trends, still keeping in mind environment protection.
Our project concerns the area further called “sensitive area” (according to the rules of Regional Water Management Board in
Warsaw). A part of Zglowiaczka river catchments in central Poland was defined as sensitive area (125.3 km2) where reduction
of nitrogen and phosphorus run-off from agricultural land to water resources is especially needed. This is a typical agricultural
district characterized by good soil quality (predominance of black swampy soil with deep and fertile humus layers). Due to
this, it is the first and foremost high quality agricultural land, and almost forestless. The main topic of the research,
with the use of the SWAT model, is to propose different means for reduction of migration of P and N to surface waters. Another
problem is retention of water for actual and future irrigations. After model verification, calibration and validation, several
climatic changes and reclamation strategies will be tested and simulated by the model to find the most effective and profitable
solutions.
The project focuses on supporting administration and self-governmental organization in the implementation of effective strategies
of catchments management based on a modeling approach. This method enables analysis of trends and early warning system against
excessive pollution load. Enhancement of the ecological education level and activation of local population for implementation
of EU directives are also very important factors. 相似文献
14.
Indian coastal waters are subjected to considerable pressure from sewage and industrial wastes, which are responsible for
the contamination of the coastal sediments with consequent loss in biosphere. The present investigation attempts to study
the significance of coarse material (Sand fraction) in the distribution of metals in polluted marine sediments. The study
revealed that coarse Sand component contains a relatively significant proportion of the anthropogenic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and
Zn) and therefore it cannot be neglected in metal pollution studies of coastal sediments. Further, the distribution of anthropogenic
metals in both Silt + Clay and Sand fraction follow the same suit indicating similar pollution sources. From the total sediment
type (Silt + Clay and Sand fraction) all anthropogenic metals had a noticeable amount (>50%) in the acid extractable (and
potentially bio-available) fraction. This article stresses the importance of coarse fraction in metal pollution studies in
Indian coastal system. 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(2):197-211
The small Mediterranean riverine system of the Litheos river, which flows through the city of Trikala, and its drainage area are subjected to pollution from point and non point sources,which results in poor quality of surface waters. The pollution sources include urban activities, agriculture, industrial activities, handicrafts and traffic. The concentration levels and the geochemical behaviour of nutrients, trace metals and organic pollutants were studied during the period 1991–1992, in a project supported by the Municipality of Trikala. The simultaneous existence of several polluting sources leads to significant variations in the concentrations and distributions of main pollutants, which are elevated in the neighbourhood of polluting activities in various parts of the river (NO3− above the city, NH3, NO2− and detergents near central rainwater collector, into the city, P04 below the city, near the waste water treatment plant, PAI-Is and metals in another river branch in the ‘industrial’ zone of the city). The appearance of concentration maxima of various pollutants in various parts of the river indicates environmental problems in the whole length of the river. The water quality is significantly influenced and in most cases is unsuitable for human consumption. The mean values of the main pollutants in Litheos (NO3− 4.0 mg N/1, NH3 0.23 mg N/1, NO2− 0.10 mg N/1, P 0.37 mg P/1, Cu 7.1 μg/l, Pb 4.8 μg/l, Zn 3.9 μg/l, Ni 12.8 μg/l, Cr 3.5 μg/l) characterize Litheos as a moderately polluted river, but the observation of eutrophication phenomena and the appearance of some high concentrations of heavy metals and/or organic pollutants in certain parts of the river reveal that a serious effort must be made in order to avoid further deterioration of Litheos water quality. 相似文献
16.
红水河中上游流域岩溶地下水水质影响因素的R型因子分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了了解红水河中上游流域地下水污染情况,并对其进行防治与管理,利用R型因子分析法对红水河中上游流域的130组水化学数据进行分析,识别出影响区内岩溶地下水水质的因子3个。因子1以Ca2+、HCO3-、总硬度和溶解性总固体为主,反映了水-岩作用（碳酸盐溶解）对地下水水化学组分的影响;因子2以K++Na+、Cl-和NO3-为主,揭示了农业污染（农药、化肥、牲畜粪便等）和生活废水对农业区地下水水化学组分的影响;因子3以Mg2+、SO42-和F-为主,反映了工矿业污染对北部矿区地下水水化学组分的影响。结果表明,因子1、因子2和因子3与人类活动密切相关,今后应加强监管和防治。 相似文献
17.
Ireland has large water resources. Only 5.3% of developable waters are as yet developed, to supply some 650 I/day/per capita to the population of some 3.37 million people. State of development varies in each of the seven water resources regions. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed over the year, but the percentage infiltrating to form groundwater varies quite sharply. Some 61% of infiltration occurs in the four winter months November to February, when agricultural activities are low. Only 10% infiltrates in the four summer months, May to August, when agricultural activities are high. In all, annual groundwater amounts to some 24.8 km3, of which 50% is considered to be recoverable. Capital groundwater reserves must be large, but are unquantified. Under these conditions, the impact of agriculture on groundwater quantities is negligible. Of the annual extraction of some 170 × 106m3 of groundwater, some 66 × 106m3/year are used in different agricultural activities. Drainage operations, however, have effects on Irish groundwater. Such lands may overlie impermeable strata or pans, or may receive concealed or visible groundwater discharge. Their drainage will affect the groundwater in various ways. There has been a considerable impact of agriculture on groundwater quality. The effects on the atmosphere and on precipitation are not identifiable. Effects of diffuse infiltration are treated with respect to: (a) application of ground limestone (lime); (b) application of K.N.P. inorganic fertilizer; (c) spreading of organic slurries; (d) development of organic nitrogen in soils, mainly after ploughing of grasslands; and (e) residues from herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides. The infiltration of these substances spread on the land is closely related to the interaction between times of ground-water recharge and times of fertilizer application. Effects of concentrated infiltration are treated under seven sub-heads: (a) infiltration of polluted surface waters; (b) localized farm infiltration; (c) concentrated waste disposal from feedlots; (d) concentrated waste disposal from silage; (e) concentrated waste disposal from agro-industries; (f) disposal through sinkholes and quarries; and (g) disposal by deep well injection. These operations are deliberate, and not related to times of groundwater recharge. They are often into the limestone aquifers, and so doubly dangerous. 相似文献
18.
19.
Trophic states and nutrient storage of reservoirs in Chongqing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The trophic states of 35 reservoirs were investigated in the region of Chongqing, Southwest China. The results showed that the concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a were high and organic pollution and transparence （SD） were low in the water body. The concentrations of total nitrogen （TN） range from 0.52 mg/L to 5.94 mg/L and those of total phosphorus （TP） range from 0.002 mg/L to 0.598 mg/L. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） ranges from 0.75 mg/L to 9.3 mg/L and SD ranges from 0.48 m to 3.2 m. There was a significant positive correlation between COD and chlorophyll a, but a significant negative correlation between SD and chlorophyll a. In terms of the integrated nutrition state index, the eutrophication states of the reservoirs were assessed. Of the investigated reservoirs, about 22 reached the grade of eutrophication. Only one reservoir was in the state of oligotropher, the rest were in the state of mestropher. Integrated nutrition state indices range from 25.4 to 74.5. The storage capacity of nutrients in the reservoirs was calculated. The stored TN, TP and COD were about 4731, 206 and 10259 t, respectively. The main pollution sources are industrial and domestic wastes. With the development of aquaculture, the contamination level increases gradually. 相似文献
20.
This paper reviews the use of Greek industrial minerals into developing low-cost, high-tech solutions to remediate parts of the chemical pollution environmental problem. The remediation strategy, based on the application and implementation of the Greek industrial minerals potential, became a major line of investigation in projects to develop new environmental technologies. Although past and current experiments have been successful on a lab scale in a number of applications, the results have not always been implemented on industrial scales. Greek olivine has been successfully tested as neutralizing agent for acid wastes, co-producing exploitable amounts of silica gel, magnesium sulphate and magnetite. Vermiculite is currently tested as an environmental ‘cleanser' in a variety of applications, i.e. metalliferous mine seepage and processing waters, organically contaminated waste water from the textile/dye industry and absorption material for oil spills. Wollastonite will be applied as long-term fertiliser and dolomite, as a substitute of asbestos in brake linings, as pollution controller of heavy metal concentrations in waste waters and as a binder to stabilize waste solids. Magnesite has been successfully applied for neutralization of acid mine wastes produced from active sulphide deposits. Zeolites (fly ash and perlite converted to zeolites were also considered) is an objective for several environmental applications, i.e. as floating absorbent for waste water ponds, as drinking water purificator or as smell abatement. 相似文献