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1.
Temporal Change Characteristics of Climatic and Its Relationships with Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Qinghai Lake Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on monthly meteorological data from 11 stations(1959-2015)in Qinghai Basin(QHB) and its surrounding area, we analyzed monthly average temperature(Tmean), average maximum(TXam), minimum temperature(TNam) and precipitation variation characteristics as well as the influence of atmospheric oscillation on these parameters using Mann-Kendall trend analysis, mutation analysis, continuous Morlet wavelet transform, Pearson correlation analysis and R/S analysis method. In addition, the future trend of climate change in the regional scale was also discussed. We found that the temperature and precipitation increment were obvious in the region, especially the Tmean in autumn, winter, TXam and TNam in summer and winter precipitation showing significant increase. Temperature and precipitation experienced abrupt changes around 1986 and 2002, respectively. The period of oscillation of each temperature indices was similar featuring 2~3 years,8~10 years short- cycle and 30~32 years middle- cycle, while that for the precipitation featured 3~4 years,6~7 years short- cycle and 30~32 years middle- cycle. The East Asian Summer Monsoon Index(EASMI) anomaly is an important factor for the anomaly of autumn temperature and summer precipitation in QHB, while the Indian Summer Monsoon Index(ISMI) mainly affects the spring temperature and precipitation in the research area. The effects of Arctic Oscillation Index (AO) were relatively strong on temperature variation, especially in autumn and winter, and AO had significant effect on the precipitation in spring, summer and winter, too. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO) and ENSO have weak influence on the study area, NAO mainly affects summer and winter precipitation, while ENSO mainly affects autumn precipitation. The Hurst index of Tmean and annual precipitation in QHB are higher than 0.5, indicating that the temperature and precipitation in the study area will continue to be the positive trend in the future period. 相似文献
2.
末次盛冰期以来中国北方干旱区演化及短尺度干旱事件 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对中国北方干旱区329个古土壤和湖泊沉积物的14C年龄数据的时空分布及频数统计分析表明, 从末次盛冰期至冰消期, 我国整个干旱区受控于西风带;在全新世, 干旱区东部环境变化主要受控于东亚季风系统, 而其西部仍属西风控制区。全新世以来, 中国干旱区存在至少4次百年至千年级的干旱事件, 且干湿变化基本上与全球西风模式区的气候变化相反, 而与低纬非洲干旱区气候变化有很好的对应关系 。由于我国干旱区和非洲干旱区的干湿变化均受控于来自低纬热带海洋的夏季风的强弱, 因此 两区干旱事件的同时发生可能与低纬热带海洋的气候变化有关。同时, 本文利用14C年龄的时空分布和其它地质资料, 初步恢复了末次盛冰期和全新世最适宜期我国干旱区的沙漠分布状况。 相似文献
3.
利用全球海气耦合气候模式ECHO-G的近千年连续积分资料,选取与降水关系较好的东亚夏季风指数,对不同气候特征时期的东亚环流及季风影响因子进行了探讨.结果表明用海陆热力差异定义的东亚夏季风指数Isun在年际尺度上较好地体现了长江流域及华北地区降水的变化,而利用850 hPa纬向风场定义的指数Iwang在年代际尺度上较好地体现了长江流域的降水变化.从不同气候特征时期的环流来看,中世纪暖期夏季风最强,东亚大陆降水明显偏多,现代暖期夏季风较之有所减弱,而小冰期则是夏季风最弱的时期,东亚大陆的降水明显偏少.不同气候特征时期夏季风指数与海温的相关表明,ENSO事件对东亚夏季风的影响在现代暖期有所增强,而与外部强迫因子的相关揭示出中世纪暖期有效太阳辐射变化是影响东亚夏季风变化的主要因子,现代暖期则是温室气体对夏季风的影响更重要. 相似文献
4.
黔西高原的长时间序列孢粉记录比较少,限制了对该地区末次冰期晚期古植被及西南季风演化过程和机制的认识。本研究通过对黔西高原一个连续的古湖泊沉积物孢粉记录的分析,并结合AMS14C测年,重建黔西高原末次冰期晚期古植被及西南季风演化。结果表明: 轨道尺度上,MIS3(氧同位素3阶段)中晚期,黔西高原主要为木本、草本植物,喜湿的针叶树种较多,西南季风较强。MIS2(氧同位素2阶段)期间,喜湿的针叶树种减少,而草本、蕨类植物增多,指示气候冷干,西南季风减弱。千年尺度上,黔西高原西南季风响应于北大西洋冰漂碎屑事件及H3(Heninrich 3)、H2(Heninrich 2)和LGM(Last Glacial Maximum)事件,导致西南季风减弱,喜湿的针叶树种减少。通过对比发现,东亚夏季风和西南季风在轨道及千年尺度上协同演化,二者均响应于北半球高纬度太阳辐射变化及北大西洋冰漂碎屑事件。在19~18 cal ka BP,黔西高原经历最冷干气候,西南季风减弱,木本、草本植物近乎消失,而同期东亚夏季风增强,说明西南季风和东亚夏季风在冰后期上存在反相位关系。 相似文献
5.
通过对位于东亚季风区中东部与西部边缘的两个高分辨率黄土剖面记录的对比研究，发现它们不仅捕捉到了20个Dansgaard Oeschger事件与6个Heinrich事件，而且黄土记录与GRIP冰芯记录的这些快速气候波动基本上是同步的。暗示在整个末次冰期，东亚季风气候同样存在千年—百年尺度上的快速波动。所不同的是，西面的沙沟剖面对这些快速气候波动的反应比东面的王官剖面敏感。结合末次冰期中国黄土记录的先前研究结果，我们发现，自西向东Dansgaard Oeschger旋回的幅度逐渐变小，推测这主要是由西风与东亚夏季风共同作用所造成的。 相似文献
6.
利用湖北清江和尚洞的两支具有精确年代的年层石笋,建立了20世纪逐年的石笋氧同位素序列,讨论东亚季风石笋氧同位素的气候指示意义。与现代气象观测资料对比,发现近100年来和尚洞石笋 δ18O 与当地年总降水量和年均温度的相关性并不显著,但与指示东亚季风环流特征的西太平洋副热带高压指数(WPSH)以及相对应的太平洋年代际振荡指数(PDO)相关性好。在年际和年代际尺度上,当太平洋年代际振荡处于正(负)相位时,副热带高压加强(减弱),石笋的 δ18O 相对偏正(负)。因而,石笋 δ18O 反映了东亚季风大尺度环流特征。 相似文献
7.
古气候重建和模拟研究相结合可有效揭示气候变化的机制,但针对东亚夏季风区的相关研究还有待深入。文章基于现代观测数据及古气候记录的定量化重建结果,评估过去21 ka气候瞬变模拟(Transient Climate Evolution simulation over last 21000 years,简称TraCE-21ka)对现代东亚气候及古夏季风演变的再现能力,对比分析其异同并探索东亚夏季风区南部(SEASM)和北部(NEASM)特征时期的气候变化及可能的驱动机制。结果表明:TraCE-21ka模拟和定量化重建结果相对一致,即末次冰盛期偏干冷,全新世早中期偏暖湿,但模拟的变化幅度小于重建。相对于SEASM,NEASM变化幅度较显著。同时,SEASM的温度及降水和NEASM的温度在整个全新世期间模拟和重建的结果一致性较高,但NEASM模拟和重建的降水在晚全新世一致而早全新世不一致。相对于重建降水的南部和北部显著不同步变化,即南部降水在早全新世高而北部在中全新世高,模拟降水的南、北差异性较小,且为全新世持续减弱夏季风演变的结果。这种重建与模拟间的不同可能来源于地表过程对气候演变敏感度的区域性差异,也可能来源于粗分辨率模拟所造成的系统性气候偏移。 相似文献
8.
The northeastern Tibetan Plateau is located at the convergence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons and westerlies; thus, this area has witnessed historic climate changes.The Xunhua basin is an intermontane basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The basin contains more than 2000 m of Cenozoic fluvial–lacustrine sediments, recording a long history of climate and environmental changes.We collected the mid-Miocene sediments from the Xunhua basin and used palynological methods to discuss the relationship between aridification in the interior of Asia, global cooling, and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.Based on the palynological analysis of the Xigou section, Xunhua basin, the palynological diagram is subdivided into three pollen zones and past vegetation and climate are reconstructed.Zone I, Ephedripites–Nitraridites–Chenopodipollis–Quercoidites(14.0–12.5 Ma), represents mixed shrub–steppe vegetation with a dry and cold climate.In zone II, Pinaceae–Betulaepollenites–Ephedripites–Chenopodipollis–Graminidites(12.5–8.0 Ma), the vegetation and climate conditions improved, even though the vegetation was still dominated by shrub–steppe taxa.Zone III, Ephedripites–Nitrariadites–Chenopodipollis(8.0–5.0 Ma), represents desert steppe vegetation with drier and colder climate.The palynological records suggest that shrub–steppe dominated the whole Xigou section and the content gradually increased, implying a protracted aridification process, although there was an obvious climate improvement during 12.5–8.0 Ma.The aridification in the Xunhua basin and surrounding mountains during 14.0–12.5 Ma was probably related to global cooling induced by the rapid expansion of the East Antarctic ice-sheets and the relatively higher evaporation rate.During the 12.5–8.0 Ma period, although topographic changes(uplift of Jishi Shan) decreased precipitation and strengthened aridification in the Xunhua basin on leeward slopes, the improved vegetation and climate conditions were probably controlled by the decrease in evaporation rates as a result of continuous cooling.From 8.0 to 5.0 Ma, the rapid development of the desert steppe can be attributed to global cooling and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
9.
Guan Qing Yu Pan Bao Tian Li NaLi Qiong Zhang JundiGao Hongshan Liu Jia 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(3):189-196
Records of two loess sections located in mid-eastern and western margins of the East Asian Monsoon area captured 20 Dansgaard-Oescher events and six Heinrich events. All these suggested that the climate in the East Asian Monsoon area fluctuated rapidly on millennial to century timescales during the whole Last Glacial. We found that these loess-based events of rapid climate fluctuations were generally synchronous with those of GRIP records, but that there were differences between the Shagou loess section in the west and the Wangguan loess section in the east: the former was more sensitive to climate change than the latter. Compared with earlier studies on loess records covering the Last Glacial from neighboring areas, we discovered that the magnitude of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles decreased gradually from west to east and we suggest that it resulted from the combined effect of the Westerlies and the East Asian Monsoon. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响与机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原地区特殊的大气圈、水圈、冰冻圈、生物圈等多圈层相互作用过程及其变化,不仅对青藏高原及其周边地区的气候格局和变化有重要影响,而且对东亚、北半球乃至全球的环流形势和异常产生深远影响。为此,全球变化研究重大科学研究计划于2010年9月启动了"青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响与机制研究"项目,旨在开展青藏高原环境、地表过程、生态系统对全球变化的响应及其对周边地区人类生存环境影响的综合交叉研究,以揭示青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响机制,提出前瞻性的应对气候变化与异常的策略,减少其导致的区域自然灾害的损失。项目实施近3年来,开展了青藏高原首次"星—机—地"综合立体协同观测试验和大规模地气相互作用综合观测试验。在遥感结合地面观测估算青藏高原地表特征参数和能量通量方法,高原地区上对流层和下平流层结构,高原季风与东亚季风和南亚季风之间的内在联系,中国及青藏高原地区太阳辐射和风速的年代际变化趋势,青藏高原春季感热源减弱及其对亚洲夏季风和中国东部降水的影响,以及极高海拔地区土地覆被格局等方面取得了一些突出进展。 相似文献