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煤炭开采引起的地表沉陷造成的地质灾害、经济损失和社会问题日趋严重,对采煤沉陷区进行生态环境修复治理尤为迫切。本文以贵州安龙县普坪采煤沉陷区为研究区域,基于该采煤沉陷区矿山地质环境调查成果,针对存在的地质环境问题提出生态环境修复措施。结果认为：安龙县普坪采煤沉陷区地质环境问题主要为矿山地质灾害、地下水资源破坏和土地资源损毁。生态环境修复治理中应有针对性地采取搬迁工程措施、工业场地及废弃建筑物拆除措施、矿区残余房屋拆除措施、煤矸石堆修复工程措施、土地整治的工程措施及复绿工程措施。通过实施生态修复措施将有效改善矿区生态环境,减少和控制地质灾害发生,实现良好的环境、经济及社会效益。 相似文献
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含水层结构变异对区域地下水循环影响数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤炭开采对地下水资源的破坏是限制煤矿区经济与环境可持续发展的主要瓶颈, 煤炭资源开采与水资源保护的矛盾将日益加剧。我国富煤地区主要分布在华北和西北, 仅山西、内蒙古、陕西和新疆四省自治区煤炭查明资源储量就占全国的73.1%, 这些富煤地区多是地下水资源相对贫乏的地区, 全国86个重点矿区缺水的占71%, 严重缺水的占40%, 而煤矿开采对地下水资源的严重破坏加剧了矿区的水资源短缺矛盾, 这一问题在能源大省山西尤为突出。究其根本原因, 在于采煤引起含水层结构变化, 造成地下水资源的破坏, 使地下水资源由原来可供开采的优质水源变为被污染的矿坑水而排走, 破坏了地下水的补径排, 破坏了水文下垫面条件, 破坏了地表水循环, 进而影响了区域地下水循环态势。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2019,(1)
随着煤炭资源的枯竭及去产能力度的加大,大量的煤矿随之关闭。由于煤矿开采对矿山生态环境造成了一定的破坏,因此矿山关闭后需对矿山的地面生态环境进行修复。实际上矿山关闭虽然存在对生态环境损害的副作用,但同时也遗留下许多宝贵的资源,如井下矿山开采遗迹资源、矿山地下空间资源、矿山开发文化资源、地面矿山设施资源、景观资源等。对于遗留资源的合理利用,可以避免一关了之造成的资源浪费。对于闭坑矿山资源的有效利用已有一些成功的案例。借鉴成功经验,对福建省永定县培丰煤矿闭坑煤矿地的规划利用进行可行性分析,提出了地面资源利用与地下空间开发的模式,如地上景观、地上地下博物馆及井下探秘游等。 相似文献
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河东煤田位于黄河中游吕梁山西麓的晋西黄土高原地区,是我国重要的炼焦煤产地,也是水土流失和生态脆弱区、地质灾害频发区、岩溶大泉分布区。通过对河东煤田资源和地质环境特征的分析,发现河东煤田中部离柳矿区稀缺炼焦煤保有资源量占比河东煤田稀缺炼焦煤总量的70.8%,但开发强度高于煤田平均值,应从战略上重视离柳矿区的稀缺炼焦煤资源,进行保护性与节约式开采;河东煤田薄煤层占煤田煤层总厚的17.0%,离柳和石隰矿区薄煤层占其煤层总厚的近25.0%,应重视河东煤田薄煤层的开发,尤其是中部离柳矿区和石隰矿区的薄层炼焦煤资源,提高煤炭资源采收率;河东煤田地区采煤时,可充分利用当地的黄土资源与煤炭开采产生的煤矸石等材料大力发展充填开采,以减少地表的黄土滑坡与崩塌地质灾害与水土流失;河东煤田下伏奥陶系峰峰组上部地层具有一定的隔水性,充分评价和利用峰峰组上部地层的富水性和隔水性能,可大幅提高煤炭采收率的同时最大限度地减少采煤引发的地下岩溶水资源破坏,保护岩溶大泉。河东煤田是黄河中游重要的能源基地和黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家战略的主战场。煤炭绿色开采技术能够实现河东煤田煤炭开发利用最优化和生态环境影响最小化,未来发展前景及应用价值巨大,需要多专业多学科共同参与。 相似文献
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生态脆弱矿区采煤对泉的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陕北榆神府矿区地处毛乌素沙漠和黄土丘陵两大结构系统接壤地带,是典型的生态脆弱带。矿区沙漠区多有泉水出露,泉的分布对陕北煤炭基地供水,维持矿区生态环境及揭示矿区水文地质条件变化,有着至关重要的作用。通过分析采煤后典型泉域地下径流量的变化特征,将矿区煤炭开采对泉的影响分为四级:强烈影响、较强影响、中等影响和轻微影响,并从采煤后上覆岩层移动变形规律、地下水流场变化和地下水位变化三个方面探讨了煤炭开采对泉的影响机理,提出了在保护生态水位条件下科学采煤思路。 相似文献
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徐州市矿山环境地质问题及防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐州市为我国著名的煤炭生产基地,是全国主要矿业城市之一。随着社会经济特别是矿业的不断发展,该市的矿山环境问题日益突出。如煤矿、铁矿地面塌陷破坏的土地21309hm2,开山采石占用与破坏土地1430hm2,造成矿区10万人失去了赖以生存的土地;矿坑排水、洗(选)煤水排放、煤矸石堆放、回填塌陷地及开山采石造成矿区水、土、气环境严重污染;井下采矿大量疏干排水造成水资源枯竭;采煤塌陷地破坏水利工程及道路等地表设施;开山采石影响自然景观及城市景观……。针对上述状况,文章从构建"绿色徐州"及"生态徐州"角度出发,提出一系列防治对策建议:①加快矿山环境保护与治理规划编制,严格矿山环境准入制度;②创建"绿色矿山",走可持续发展的道路;③重视采煤地面塌陷区的土地复垦,建设生态农业示范区;④加大废弃资源的综合利用,挖掘矿山旅游资源。 相似文献
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煤矿开采环境影响评价中地下水问题探析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
煤矿的开采与地下水资源紧密相连,煤层往往与地下含水层相邻,采煤时会疏干地下水,这不仅影响了地下水资源的数量和质量,而且破坏了水的动态平衡和生态环境,造成一系列不良后果.根据煤炭开采工程的环境影响特点及环境保护的最新发展趋势,概略提出了煤矿区地下水环境影响评价的相关问题、煤矿开采引起的地下水环境问题、以及由煤矿地下水疏干引发的地面沉陷及其植被景观的影响. 相似文献
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初论山东巨野煤矿开发的主要环境地质问题及防治对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
山东巨野矿区是目前山东乃至华东地区最大的未开发整装优质煤田。规划的7对矿井已经开工建设,预计2008年建成投产。为进一步了解开发中可能产生的环境地质问题信息,增加编制矿区防灾减灾规划、制定生态环境恢复治理方案的参照依据。论文根据矿区的环境地质条件、煤田地质特征及开发规划工程特点,对煤炭资源开发过程中可能产生的地面塌陷、土地、土壤环境破坏与污染、地下水资源破坏和水质污染、矿井突水、煤矸石危害5种主要环境地质问题及其造成的影响进行了初步预测和分析。同时结合矿区开发进程提出了规划设计、建设开采和矿山闭坑3个阶段加强环境地质问题防治的对策与建议。 相似文献
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中国麦饭石资源与开发研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
冯光化 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2001,20(2):131-135
本文介绍了麦饭石的性能、中国麦饭石的资源状况和开发研究。指出由于这些优越的性能 ,使生活在麦饭石产区的居民健康长寿 ,那里的作物不用施肥和施用农药就能生长得很好 ,还出产名优作物。中国的麦饭石资源丰富 ,但国人尚不“识货” ,目前主要供出口之用。相信通过开发研究 ,随着人民生活水平的提高 ,我国麦饭石资源将得到充分的利用 相似文献
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On Tectonogeomorphology of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wan Tianfeng 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(1)
Ｏｎ Ｔｅｃｔｏｎｏｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＷａｎＴｉａｎｆｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＭｉｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８... 相似文献
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Abstract. Intrusion‐related gold deposits are widely distributed within the North China craton or along its marginal fold belts. Presently, about 200 individual intrusion‐related gold deposits (prospects) have been discovered, among which Yuerya, Anjia‐yingzi, Linglong, Jiaojia, Chenjiazhangzi, Qiyugou, Jinjiazhuang, Dongping, Hougou, Huangtuliang, Guilaizhuang, Wulashan and Donghuofang are the most important ones. In general, the intrusion‐related gold deposits can be classified into three major groups according to their host rocks: (1) hosted by or related to felsic intrusions, including (la) calc‐alkaline granitoid intrusions and (lb) cryptoexplosion breccia pipes; (2) related to ultramafic intrusions, and (3) hosted by or related to alkaline intrusions. The first group contains the Yuerya, Anjiayingzi, Linglong, Jiaojia, Chenjiazhangzi and Qiyugou gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these deposits occurs within Mesozoic Yanshanian calc‐alkaline granitoid intrusions or cryptoexplosion breccia pipes as gold‐bearing quartz veins and replacement bodies. Pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, native gold and electrum are major metallic minerals. The Jinjiazhuang deposit belongs to the second group, and occurs within Hercynian diopsidite and peridotite as quartz veins and replacement bodies. Pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, native gold and electrum are identified. The third group includes the Dongping, Hougou, Huangtuliang, Guilaizhuang, Wulashan and Donghuofang deposits. Gold mineralization at these deposits occurs predominantly within the Hercynian alkaline intrusive complexes as K‐feldspar‐quartz veins and replacement bodies. Major metal minerals are pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, tellurides, native gold and electrum. All these pyrite separates from Hercynian and Yanshanian intrusions or cryptoexplosion pipes associated with the gold deposits show a broad range in δ34S value, which is overall higher than those Precambrian rocks and their hosted gold deposits. For the alkaline intrusion‐related gold deposits, the δ34S values of the sulfides (pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite) from the deposits increase systematically from orebodies to the alkaline intrusions. All of these intrusion‐related gold deposits show relatively radiogenic lead isotopic compositions compared to mantle or lower crust curves. Most lead isotope data of sulfides from the gold ores plot in between the fields of the intrusions and Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Data are interpreted as indicative of a mixing of sulfur and lead from magma with those from Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Isotopic age data, geological and geochemical evidences suggest that the ore‐forming materials for the intrusion‐related gold deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian or Yanshanian intrusion. The calc‐alkaline or alkaline magma may provide heat, volatiles and metals for the intrusion‐related gold deposits. Evolved meteoric water, which circulated the wall rocks, was also progressively involved in the magmatic hydrothermal system, and may have dominated the ore fluids during late stage of ore‐forming processes. Therefore, the ore fluid may have resulted from the mixing of calc‐alkaline or alkaline magmatic fluids and evolved meteoric water. All these intrusion‐related gold deposits are believed to be products of Hercynian or Yanshanian calc‐alkaline and alkaline igneous processes along deep‐seated fault zones within the North China craton or along its marginal belts. 相似文献
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Zhao Pengda 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(1)
Ｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ａｎｏｍａｌｙ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＺｈａｏＰｅｎｇｄａ（ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥａｒｔｈＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７４）ＷａｎｇＪｉｎｇｇｕｉ；ＲａｏＭｉｎｇｈｕ... 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2013,24(4):1189-1206
The continental crust of China is a mosaic of cratonic blocks and orogenic belts, containing small cratons and terranes with various tectonic settings. They have diverse origins and complex histories of amalgamation, and often suffered repeated reworking after multiple episodes of amalgamation. In the last three decades, extensive geological, geochemical and geophysical investigations have been carried out on these cratonic blocks and intervening orogenic belts, producing an abundant amount of new data and competing interpretations. This provides important insights into understanding the formation and evolution of the Chinese continents. The papers assembled in this volume present a timely and comprehensive overview on major advancements and controversial issues related to the formation and evolution of continental crust in China. Complex tectonic histories were experienced not only by the large-scale cratonic blocks and orogenic belts, but also by small-scale terranes and orogens between and inside these blocks. Nevertheless, our understanding of lithotectonic units and geological processes has been greatly advanced by recent studies of zirconology and geochemistry for various rock types from major petrotectonic units in China. It has been further advanced from integrated interpretations of geochemical and petrological data for petrogenesis of magmatic rocks. An overview of these observations and interpretations provides new insights into understanding the continental plate tectonics and the chemical geodynamics of subduction zones. 相似文献